The Experts below are selected from a list of 10299 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jason S Cavadini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of growth stage and growing degree day accumulations on triticale forages 2 in vitro disappearance of neutral detergent fiber
Journal of Dairy Science, 2018Co-Authors: W K Coblentz, M S Akins, K F Kalscheur, G E Brink, Jason S CavadiniAbstract:ABSTRACT The use of winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) in dairy-cropping systems has expanded greatly in recent years, partly because of its value as a forage crop but also to improve Land Stewardship by providing winter ground cover. Our objectives were to use 2-pool and 3-pool nonlinear models to characterize in vitro disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and then describe the relationship between estimated parameters from those models with plant growth stage or growing degree days (GDD) >5°C for winter triticale forages harvested during 2016 and 2017 in Marshfield, Wisconsin. Forages were harvested from replicated field plots each year at growth stages ranging from stem elongation to soft dough. All NDF analyses included use of sodium sulfite and heat-stable α-amylase with residual fiber corrected for contaminant ash (asNDFom). Nonlinear 3-pool models for in vitro disappearance of asNDFom that included fast (Bfast) and slow (Bslow) disappearance pools as well as an associated disappearance rate for each (Kdfast and Kdslow, respectively) were easily fitted provided that a single discrete lag time was applied to both Bfast and Bslow pools to reduce the number of parameters to be estimated. An unresolved issue related to fitting 3-pool decay models was the incomplete recovery of asNDFom from immature triticale forages at 0 h, which was partially resolved with 2 approaches that produced similar estimates of Kdfast and Kdslow. Most parameters obtained from 2- and 3-pool decay models for asNDFom could be related to growth stage or GDD using polynomial regression techniques, often with high coefficients of determination (R2). For 3-pool models of asNDFom disappearance, Bslow increased with plant maturity, but the associated Kdslow ranged narrowly from 0.011 to 0.015/h and could not be related to growth stage or GDD by quartic, cubic, quadratic, or linear regression models. Despite different cultivars coupled with substantial differences in precipitation across years, single endpoint estimates of in vitro disappearance of asNDFom after 24, 30, or 48 h of incubation were closely related (R2 ≥ 0.906) to growth stage and GDD by linear or quadratic regression models that were generally similar across production years. Typical recommendations for harvesting triticale at boot stage to facilitate the planting of a double crop are strongly supported by the extensive 30-h in vitro disappearance of asNDFom at that growth stage, which was 63.1 and 64.8% of asNDFom during 2016 and 2017, respectively.
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effects of growth stage and growing degree day accumulations on triticale forages 1 dry matter yield nutritive value and in vitro dry matter disappearance
Journal of Dairy Science, 2018Co-Authors: W K Coblentz, M S Akins, K F Kalscheur, G E Brink, Jason S CavadiniAbstract:ABSTRACT The use of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) in dairy-cropping systems has expanded greatly in recent years, partly to improve Land Stewardship by providing winter ground cover. Our objective was to establish relationships relating indices of nutritive value with growth stage or accumulated growing degree days >5°C for triticale forages grown in central Wisconsin. Replicated 3.7-m × 9.1-m plots were established following removal of corn for silage (fall 2015) and soybeans (fall 2016) and then harvested at various growth stages the following spring. Plants were assigned a numerical growth stage based on a linear staging system suitable for use as an independent regression variable. Response variables [e.g., dry matter (DM) yield, indices of nutritive value, and parameters from in vitro DM disappearance kinetics] were regressed on growth stage and growing degree days using linear, quadratic, cubic, or quartic models. For spring 2016, the mean DM yield at the boot stage (3,804 kg of DM/ha) was only 30% of that observed at the soft dough stage of growth (12,642 kg of DM/ha). Although yields were reduced during spring 2017, primarily due to spring flooding, the relationship between respective yields at these growth stages was similar (1,453 vs. 5,399 kg of DM/ha). Regressions of DM yield (kg/ha) on growth stage for 2016 were explained by a cubic model (Y = 0.0663x3 − 9.44x2 + 595x – 9,810) compared with a simple linear response for 2017 (Y = 103x – 3,024); in both cases, coefficients of determination were very high (R2 ≥ 0.934). Many nutritional and in vitro DM disappearance characteristics were affected by the juxtaposition and balance of 2 generally competing factors: (1) increased concentrations of structural plant fiber coupled with concurrent lignification as plants matured and (2) the accumulation of highly digestible carbohydrate during seed head development. A comparison of respective energy yields between the boot and soft dough stages of growth for 2016 (2,488 vs. 8,141 kg of total digestible nutrients/ha) and 2017 (1,033 vs. 3,520 kg of total digestible nutrients/ha) suggests that yields of energy are greater at soft dough stage and are mostly driven by DM yield. An informed harvest management decision for lactating cows may still favor a boot-stage harvest because of superior nutritional characteristics, a need to plant double-cropped corn expeditiously, or both. Harvest timing of triticale forages for other livestock classes would appear to be more flexible, but prioritizing a subsequent double crop may reduce the effects on DM yield to a secondary consideration.
Joseph Chun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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beyond real estate sowing the legal seeds for an ethical public Land Stewardship in singapore
Social Science Research Network, 2006Co-Authors: Joseph ChunAbstract:The prevailing concept of private Land ownership and its associated management rights has been criticised by a number of writers for falling short in accommodating an ethical relationship with the Land. In this article, I propose to look at the law and practice relating to the management of public Land in Singapore, by which I mean Land owned and managed by the State and its agencies. I observe that like private Land law, public Land law in Singapore empowers but does not oblige the State and its agencies to protect the health of ecological systems. In light of modern developments in ecology and ethics, the ownership and management of Land must now take on a more expansive view of community interests. Public Land law must also take into account the interdependence between species and Land as a biotic community, and protect Land from irreparable ecological degradation for short-term economic gain. One way to do this is to introduce procedural requirements that explicitly require Land managers to systematically identify and consider the ecological impacts of proposed Land management decisions. Ultimately however, public Land managers are public servants and they will only internalise the Land ethic when the public they serve do the same and expect Land managers to do the same. In this regard, the law can empower the public to become more intimately involved in Land management. Only by becoming more involved can the public develop a close personal relationship with the Land and learn to care for it.
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beyond real estate sowing the legal seeds for an ethical public Land Stewardship in singapore
Macquarie Journal of International and Comparative Environmental Law, 2006Co-Authors: Joseph ChunAbstract:The law and practice relating to the management of public Land in Singapore is highlighted. A general review of the developments that have taken place in ecological science and environmental ethics in the last century is presented. Suggestions are provided for updating the legal framework for public Land management to accommodate and contribute to the development of a more enlightened social ethic towards the Land.
W K Coblentz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of growth stage and growing degree day accumulations on triticale forages 2 in vitro disappearance of neutral detergent fiber
Journal of Dairy Science, 2018Co-Authors: W K Coblentz, M S Akins, K F Kalscheur, G E Brink, Jason S CavadiniAbstract:ABSTRACT The use of winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) in dairy-cropping systems has expanded greatly in recent years, partly because of its value as a forage crop but also to improve Land Stewardship by providing winter ground cover. Our objectives were to use 2-pool and 3-pool nonlinear models to characterize in vitro disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and then describe the relationship between estimated parameters from those models with plant growth stage or growing degree days (GDD) >5°C for winter triticale forages harvested during 2016 and 2017 in Marshfield, Wisconsin. Forages were harvested from replicated field plots each year at growth stages ranging from stem elongation to soft dough. All NDF analyses included use of sodium sulfite and heat-stable α-amylase with residual fiber corrected for contaminant ash (asNDFom). Nonlinear 3-pool models for in vitro disappearance of asNDFom that included fast (Bfast) and slow (Bslow) disappearance pools as well as an associated disappearance rate for each (Kdfast and Kdslow, respectively) were easily fitted provided that a single discrete lag time was applied to both Bfast and Bslow pools to reduce the number of parameters to be estimated. An unresolved issue related to fitting 3-pool decay models was the incomplete recovery of asNDFom from immature triticale forages at 0 h, which was partially resolved with 2 approaches that produced similar estimates of Kdfast and Kdslow. Most parameters obtained from 2- and 3-pool decay models for asNDFom could be related to growth stage or GDD using polynomial regression techniques, often with high coefficients of determination (R2). For 3-pool models of asNDFom disappearance, Bslow increased with plant maturity, but the associated Kdslow ranged narrowly from 0.011 to 0.015/h and could not be related to growth stage or GDD by quartic, cubic, quadratic, or linear regression models. Despite different cultivars coupled with substantial differences in precipitation across years, single endpoint estimates of in vitro disappearance of asNDFom after 24, 30, or 48 h of incubation were closely related (R2 ≥ 0.906) to growth stage and GDD by linear or quadratic regression models that were generally similar across production years. Typical recommendations for harvesting triticale at boot stage to facilitate the planting of a double crop are strongly supported by the extensive 30-h in vitro disappearance of asNDFom at that growth stage, which was 63.1 and 64.8% of asNDFom during 2016 and 2017, respectively.
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effects of growth stage and growing degree day accumulations on triticale forages 1 dry matter yield nutritive value and in vitro dry matter disappearance
Journal of Dairy Science, 2018Co-Authors: W K Coblentz, M S Akins, K F Kalscheur, G E Brink, Jason S CavadiniAbstract:ABSTRACT The use of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) in dairy-cropping systems has expanded greatly in recent years, partly to improve Land Stewardship by providing winter ground cover. Our objective was to establish relationships relating indices of nutritive value with growth stage or accumulated growing degree days >5°C for triticale forages grown in central Wisconsin. Replicated 3.7-m × 9.1-m plots were established following removal of corn for silage (fall 2015) and soybeans (fall 2016) and then harvested at various growth stages the following spring. Plants were assigned a numerical growth stage based on a linear staging system suitable for use as an independent regression variable. Response variables [e.g., dry matter (DM) yield, indices of nutritive value, and parameters from in vitro DM disappearance kinetics] were regressed on growth stage and growing degree days using linear, quadratic, cubic, or quartic models. For spring 2016, the mean DM yield at the boot stage (3,804 kg of DM/ha) was only 30% of that observed at the soft dough stage of growth (12,642 kg of DM/ha). Although yields were reduced during spring 2017, primarily due to spring flooding, the relationship between respective yields at these growth stages was similar (1,453 vs. 5,399 kg of DM/ha). Regressions of DM yield (kg/ha) on growth stage for 2016 were explained by a cubic model (Y = 0.0663x3 − 9.44x2 + 595x – 9,810) compared with a simple linear response for 2017 (Y = 103x – 3,024); in both cases, coefficients of determination were very high (R2 ≥ 0.934). Many nutritional and in vitro DM disappearance characteristics were affected by the juxtaposition and balance of 2 generally competing factors: (1) increased concentrations of structural plant fiber coupled with concurrent lignification as plants matured and (2) the accumulation of highly digestible carbohydrate during seed head development. A comparison of respective energy yields between the boot and soft dough stages of growth for 2016 (2,488 vs. 8,141 kg of total digestible nutrients/ha) and 2017 (1,033 vs. 3,520 kg of total digestible nutrients/ha) suggests that yields of energy are greater at soft dough stage and are mostly driven by DM yield. An informed harvest management decision for lactating cows may still favor a boot-stage harvest because of superior nutritional characteristics, a need to plant double-cropped corn expeditiously, or both. Harvest timing of triticale forages for other livestock classes would appear to be more flexible, but prioritizing a subsequent double crop may reduce the effects on DM yield to a secondary consideration.
Chris Cocklin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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building alternative agri food networks certification embeddedness and agri environmental governance
Journal of Rural Studies, 2008Co-Authors: Vaughan Higgins, Jacqueline Lineton Dibden, Chris CocklinAbstract:This paper examines the role of certification in alternative agri-food networks (AAFNs), which are in the process of building markets for their produce outside conventional supply chains. Drawing upon recent writing on 'embeddedness', we argue that certification provides an important focus for exploring the relationship and tensions between horizontal and vertical dimensions of embedding processes, and thereby understanding the complexities of agri-environmental governance. Through a case study of a group of beef farmers in south-eastern Australia, we investigate how one type of process-based certification—Environmental Management Systems (EMSs)—was used as the basis for constructing an AAFN and selling a premium environmentally certified product. The case study shows that environmental certification had mixed results for this AAFN. For instance, while it represented a useful means of building consumer trust, considerable time and effort was required by producers to target and build a market for the certified product. Producers initially had little to gain financially from a third-party-certified EMS. However, despite the current lack of broad consumer demand for non-organic environmentally certified products, the farmers we interviewed did not reject the EMS process entirely—they used it to realise a range of non-monetary personal and community benefits. We conclude that certification can be a useful strategy for those AAFNs in the process of expanding beyond direct marketing. Nevertheless, the lack of consumer understanding and demand means that certification may be adapted and combined with other producer strategies to meet personal and societal expectations regarding Land Stewardship.
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public policy private Landholders perspectives on policy mechanisms for sustainable Land management
Journal of Environmental Management, 2007Co-Authors: Chris Cocklin, Naomi Irene Mautner, Jacqueline Lineton DibdenAbstract:A variety of tools can be employed in support of environmental policy objectives, but achieving preferred outcomes also requires the cooperation of private Landholders and others with vested interests in the Land. The Land Stewardship project in the state of Victoria, Australia, is an initiative devoted to exploring the ways in which private Landholders could be encouraged towards more sustainable Land management. Following the view that the success of policy initiatives is contingent on effective stakeholder engagement, a component of the Land Stewardship project involved a dialogue with Landholders about policy tools (e.g., regulation, economic instruments) that might be deployed to encourage improved Land management practices. This paper provides an account of the views and attitudes of Landholders, as revealed in a series of three workshops, which consisted of discussions about the factors influencing agriculture, participants' interpretations of sustainability, and policy methods. The focus of the paper is on what Landholders believe to be the strengths and limitations of standard policy tools, and the essential requirements for these tools to deliver the best Land management outcomes. One of the main findings of the project was a 'preference hierarchy' in respect of policy methods, according to which the strongest support was expressed for voluntary and education-based tools, followed by market-based instruments, with command-and-control regulation identified as a measure of 'last resort'. In the paper we reflect also on how the views and outlook of Landholders should be positioned relative to other inputs in the design of policy interventions.
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from market to multifunctionality Land Stewardship in australia
The Geographical Journal, 2006Co-Authors: Chris Cocklin, Jacqueline Lineton Dibden, Naomi Irene MautnerAbstract:Recent assessments of Australia's Land and water resources have revealed widespread patterns of serious decline, much of it directly associated with agricultural practices. The environmental degradation associated with agriculture has both biophysical and socio-economic underpinnings. While there have been calls to attend to the sustainability 'crisis' of Australian agriculture, policy settings remain firmly locked onto a productivist trajectory. We consider the implications of contemporary policy settings for farmLand sustainability against the background of debates as to the meaning of 'multifunctionality'. The discussion is then turned to the Land Stewardship project, a strategic policy initiative within the State of Victoria that was looked to as a means of redressing environmental degradation in agricultural Landscapes while also being attentive to rural community and economic issues. Towards the end of the paper we reflect on the question of how the Land Stewardship project aligns with theorizations of multifunctionality.
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Land Stewardship unearthing the perspectives of Land managers
Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 2005Co-Authors: Jacqueline Lineton Dibden, Naomi Irene Mautner, Chris CocklinAbstract:Australian government and non-government agencies have begun to recognise that the action required to address environmental degradation cannot be considered to be the responsibility of Landholders alone, and that some form of encouragement to undertake work in the public interest is required. This article outlines social research, undertaken as part of the Victorian Land Stewardship Project, that explored the key issues that institutional and private Land managers regard as influencing resource use decisions by farmers and other Landholders, and the types of strategies that may facilitate the adoption of activities which provide ecosystem services. The focus of this article is on the methodological aspects of the social research, notably the combination of Landholder participation, sequential small group sessions, and the use of a futures methodology.
Jacqueline Lineton Dibden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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building alternative agri food networks certification embeddedness and agri environmental governance
Journal of Rural Studies, 2008Co-Authors: Vaughan Higgins, Jacqueline Lineton Dibden, Chris CocklinAbstract:This paper examines the role of certification in alternative agri-food networks (AAFNs), which are in the process of building markets for their produce outside conventional supply chains. Drawing upon recent writing on 'embeddedness', we argue that certification provides an important focus for exploring the relationship and tensions between horizontal and vertical dimensions of embedding processes, and thereby understanding the complexities of agri-environmental governance. Through a case study of a group of beef farmers in south-eastern Australia, we investigate how one type of process-based certification—Environmental Management Systems (EMSs)—was used as the basis for constructing an AAFN and selling a premium environmentally certified product. The case study shows that environmental certification had mixed results for this AAFN. For instance, while it represented a useful means of building consumer trust, considerable time and effort was required by producers to target and build a market for the certified product. Producers initially had little to gain financially from a third-party-certified EMS. However, despite the current lack of broad consumer demand for non-organic environmentally certified products, the farmers we interviewed did not reject the EMS process entirely—they used it to realise a range of non-monetary personal and community benefits. We conclude that certification can be a useful strategy for those AAFNs in the process of expanding beyond direct marketing. Nevertheless, the lack of consumer understanding and demand means that certification may be adapted and combined with other producer strategies to meet personal and societal expectations regarding Land Stewardship.
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public policy private Landholders perspectives on policy mechanisms for sustainable Land management
Journal of Environmental Management, 2007Co-Authors: Chris Cocklin, Naomi Irene Mautner, Jacqueline Lineton DibdenAbstract:A variety of tools can be employed in support of environmental policy objectives, but achieving preferred outcomes also requires the cooperation of private Landholders and others with vested interests in the Land. The Land Stewardship project in the state of Victoria, Australia, is an initiative devoted to exploring the ways in which private Landholders could be encouraged towards more sustainable Land management. Following the view that the success of policy initiatives is contingent on effective stakeholder engagement, a component of the Land Stewardship project involved a dialogue with Landholders about policy tools (e.g., regulation, economic instruments) that might be deployed to encourage improved Land management practices. This paper provides an account of the views and attitudes of Landholders, as revealed in a series of three workshops, which consisted of discussions about the factors influencing agriculture, participants' interpretations of sustainability, and policy methods. The focus of the paper is on what Landholders believe to be the strengths and limitations of standard policy tools, and the essential requirements for these tools to deliver the best Land management outcomes. One of the main findings of the project was a 'preference hierarchy' in respect of policy methods, according to which the strongest support was expressed for voluntary and education-based tools, followed by market-based instruments, with command-and-control regulation identified as a measure of 'last resort'. In the paper we reflect also on how the views and outlook of Landholders should be positioned relative to other inputs in the design of policy interventions.
-
from market to multifunctionality Land Stewardship in australia
The Geographical Journal, 2006Co-Authors: Chris Cocklin, Jacqueline Lineton Dibden, Naomi Irene MautnerAbstract:Recent assessments of Australia's Land and water resources have revealed widespread patterns of serious decline, much of it directly associated with agricultural practices. The environmental degradation associated with agriculture has both biophysical and socio-economic underpinnings. While there have been calls to attend to the sustainability 'crisis' of Australian agriculture, policy settings remain firmly locked onto a productivist trajectory. We consider the implications of contemporary policy settings for farmLand sustainability against the background of debates as to the meaning of 'multifunctionality'. The discussion is then turned to the Land Stewardship project, a strategic policy initiative within the State of Victoria that was looked to as a means of redressing environmental degradation in agricultural Landscapes while also being attentive to rural community and economic issues. Towards the end of the paper we reflect on the question of how the Land Stewardship project aligns with theorizations of multifunctionality.
-
Land Stewardship unearthing the perspectives of Land managers
Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 2005Co-Authors: Jacqueline Lineton Dibden, Naomi Irene Mautner, Chris CocklinAbstract:Australian government and non-government agencies have begun to recognise that the action required to address environmental degradation cannot be considered to be the responsibility of Landholders alone, and that some form of encouragement to undertake work in the public interest is required. This article outlines social research, undertaken as part of the Victorian Land Stewardship Project, that explored the key issues that institutional and private Land managers regard as influencing resource use decisions by farmers and other Landholders, and the types of strategies that may facilitate the adoption of activities which provide ecosystem services. The focus of this article is on the methodological aspects of the social research, notably the combination of Landholder participation, sequential small group sessions, and the use of a futures methodology.
