The Experts below are selected from a list of 3045 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jukka Rintala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occurrence and removal of organic pollutants in sewages and Landfill Leachates
Science of The Total Environment, 2003Co-Authors: Sanna Marttinen, Riitta H Kettunen, Jukka RintalaAbstract:Sewages of different composition and the effluents of four sewage treatment plants (STPs), plus sewage sludges were analysed for semivolatile organic priority pollutants. Furthermore, 11 Landfill Leachates were analysed to evaluate their contribution to sewage pollutants when co-treated. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the pollutant occurring at highest concentrations (up to 122 microg/l) and it was present in all sewages and Leachates; concentrations of other phthalates were usually below 17 microg/l. Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (<1 microg/l) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (< or =5.9 microg/l) were also present in many of the sewages and Leachates. Phthalates were present in STP effluents in low concentrations (<8 microg/l), while PAHs were usually not present. DEHP concentrations were at the same level in the sewage consisting of household wastewater and stormwater runoff and the sewages also including industrial discharges and Landfill Leachates, while PAHs were present in sewages containing industrial discharges. Leachate contribution to the total pollutant load to the STP was less than 1%. Sorption of DEHP to different particle size fractions in sewage was studied by serial membrane filtration. Most of the DEHP (71-84%) was attached to the particles 0.1-41 microm in size, and approximately 10-27% of the DEHP was sorbed on particles larger than 41 microm. Less than 6% of the DEHP was in the fraction below 0.1 microm and readily available for microbial degradation.
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Occurrence and removal of organic pollutants in sewages and Landfill Leachates.
Science of The Total Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Sanna Marttinen, Riitta Kettunen, Jukka RintalaAbstract:Abstract Sewages of different composition and the effluents of four sewage treatment plants (STPs), plus sewage sludges were analysed for semivolatile organic priority pollutants. Furthermore, 11 Landfill Leachates were analysed to evaluate their contribution to sewage pollutants when co-treated. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the pollutant occurring at highest concentrations (up to 122 μg/l) and it was present in all sewages and Leachates; concentrations of other phthalates were usually below 17 μg/l. Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (
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screening of physical chemical methods for removal of organic material nitrogen and toxicity from low strength Landfill Leachates
Chemosphere, 2002Co-Authors: Sanna Marttinen, Riitta Kettunen, Kai Sormunen, R M Soimasuo, Jukka RintalaAbstract:Abstract Physical–chemical methods have been suggested for the treatment of low strength municipal Landfill Leachates. Therefore, applicability of nanofiltration and air stripping were screened in laboratory-scale for the removal of organic matter, ammonia, and toxicity from low strength Leachates (NH4-N 74–220 mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 190–920 mg O2/l, EC50=2–17% for Raphidocelis subcapitata). Ozonation was studied as well, but with the emphasis on enhancing biodegradability of Leachates. Nanofiltration (25 °C) removed 52–66% of COD and 27–50% of ammonia, the latter indicating that ammonia may in part have been present as ammonium salt complexes. Biological pretreatment enhanced the overall COD removal. Air stripping (24 h at pH 11) resulted in 89% and 64% ammonia removal at 20 and 6 °C, respectively, the stripping rate remaining below 10 mg N/l h. COD removals of 4–21% were obtained in stripping. Ozonation (20 °C) increased the concentration of rapidly biodegradable COD (RBCOD), but the proportion of RBCOD of total COD was still below 20%, indicating poor biological treatability. The effect of the different treatments on leachate toxicity was assessed with the Daphnia acute toxicity test (Daphnia magna) and algal growth inhibition test (Raphidocelis subcapitata). None of the methods was effective in toxicity removal. By way of comparison, treatment in a full-scale biological plant decreased leachate toxicity to half of the initial value. Although leachate toxicity significantly correlated with COD and ammonia in untreated and treated leachate, in some stripping and ozonation experiments toxicity was increased in spite of COD and ammonia removals.
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screening of physical chemical methods for removal of organic material nitrogen and toxicity from low strength Landfill Leachates
Chemosphere, 2002Co-Authors: Sanna Marttinen, Riitta H Kettunen, Kai Sormunen, R M Soimasuo, Jukka RintalaAbstract:Physical-chemical methods have been suggested for the treatment of low strength municipal Landfill Leachates. Therefore, applicability of nanofiltration and air stripping were screened in laboratory-scale for the removal of organic matter, ammonia, and toxicity from low strength Leachates (NH4-N 74-220 mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 190-920 mg O2/l, EC50 = 2-17% for Raphidocelis subcapitata). Ozonation was studied as well, but with the emphasis on enhancing biodegradability of Leachates. Nanofiltration (25 degrees C) removed 52-66% of COD and 27-50% of ammonia, the latter indicating that ammonia may in part have been present as ammonium salt complexes. Biological pretreatment enhanced the overall COD removal. Air stripping (24 h at pH 11) resulted in 89% and 64% ammonia removal at 20 and 6 degrees C, respectively, the stripping rate remaining below 10 mg N/l h. COD removals of 4-21% were obtained in stripping. Ozonation (20 degrees C) increased the concentration of rapidly biodegradable COD (RBCOD), but the proportion of RBCOD of total COD was still below 20% indicating poor biological treatability. The effect of the different treatments on leachate toxicity was assessed with the Daphnia acute toxicity test (Daphnia magna) and algal growth inhibition test (Raphidcocelis subcapitata). None of the methods was effective in toxicity removal. By way of comparison, treatment in a full-scale biological plant decreased leachate toxicity to half of the initial value. Although leachate toxicity significantly correlated with COD and ammonia in untreated and treated leachate, in some stripping and ozonation experiments toxicity was increased in spite of COD and ammonia removals.
Sanna Marttinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occurrence and removal of organic pollutants in sewages and Landfill Leachates
Science of The Total Environment, 2003Co-Authors: Sanna Marttinen, Riitta H Kettunen, Jukka RintalaAbstract:Sewages of different composition and the effluents of four sewage treatment plants (STPs), plus sewage sludges were analysed for semivolatile organic priority pollutants. Furthermore, 11 Landfill Leachates were analysed to evaluate their contribution to sewage pollutants when co-treated. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the pollutant occurring at highest concentrations (up to 122 microg/l) and it was present in all sewages and Leachates; concentrations of other phthalates were usually below 17 microg/l. Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (<1 microg/l) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (< or =5.9 microg/l) were also present in many of the sewages and Leachates. Phthalates were present in STP effluents in low concentrations (<8 microg/l), while PAHs were usually not present. DEHP concentrations were at the same level in the sewage consisting of household wastewater and stormwater runoff and the sewages also including industrial discharges and Landfill Leachates, while PAHs were present in sewages containing industrial discharges. Leachate contribution to the total pollutant load to the STP was less than 1%. Sorption of DEHP to different particle size fractions in sewage was studied by serial membrane filtration. Most of the DEHP (71-84%) was attached to the particles 0.1-41 microm in size, and approximately 10-27% of the DEHP was sorbed on particles larger than 41 microm. Less than 6% of the DEHP was in the fraction below 0.1 microm and readily available for microbial degradation.
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Occurrence and removal of organic pollutants in sewages and Landfill Leachates.
Science of The Total Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Sanna Marttinen, Riitta Kettunen, Jukka RintalaAbstract:Abstract Sewages of different composition and the effluents of four sewage treatment plants (STPs), plus sewage sludges were analysed for semivolatile organic priority pollutants. Furthermore, 11 Landfill Leachates were analysed to evaluate their contribution to sewage pollutants when co-treated. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the pollutant occurring at highest concentrations (up to 122 μg/l) and it was present in all sewages and Leachates; concentrations of other phthalates were usually below 17 μg/l. Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (
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screening of physical chemical methods for removal of organic material nitrogen and toxicity from low strength Landfill Leachates
Chemosphere, 2002Co-Authors: Sanna Marttinen, Riitta Kettunen, Kai Sormunen, R M Soimasuo, Jukka RintalaAbstract:Abstract Physical–chemical methods have been suggested for the treatment of low strength municipal Landfill Leachates. Therefore, applicability of nanofiltration and air stripping were screened in laboratory-scale for the removal of organic matter, ammonia, and toxicity from low strength Leachates (NH4-N 74–220 mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 190–920 mg O2/l, EC50=2–17% for Raphidocelis subcapitata). Ozonation was studied as well, but with the emphasis on enhancing biodegradability of Leachates. Nanofiltration (25 °C) removed 52–66% of COD and 27–50% of ammonia, the latter indicating that ammonia may in part have been present as ammonium salt complexes. Biological pretreatment enhanced the overall COD removal. Air stripping (24 h at pH 11) resulted in 89% and 64% ammonia removal at 20 and 6 °C, respectively, the stripping rate remaining below 10 mg N/l h. COD removals of 4–21% were obtained in stripping. Ozonation (20 °C) increased the concentration of rapidly biodegradable COD (RBCOD), but the proportion of RBCOD of total COD was still below 20%, indicating poor biological treatability. The effect of the different treatments on leachate toxicity was assessed with the Daphnia acute toxicity test (Daphnia magna) and algal growth inhibition test (Raphidocelis subcapitata). None of the methods was effective in toxicity removal. By way of comparison, treatment in a full-scale biological plant decreased leachate toxicity to half of the initial value. Although leachate toxicity significantly correlated with COD and ammonia in untreated and treated leachate, in some stripping and ozonation experiments toxicity was increased in spite of COD and ammonia removals.
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screening of physical chemical methods for removal of organic material nitrogen and toxicity from low strength Landfill Leachates
Chemosphere, 2002Co-Authors: Sanna Marttinen, Riitta H Kettunen, Kai Sormunen, R M Soimasuo, Jukka RintalaAbstract:Physical-chemical methods have been suggested for the treatment of low strength municipal Landfill Leachates. Therefore, applicability of nanofiltration and air stripping were screened in laboratory-scale for the removal of organic matter, ammonia, and toxicity from low strength Leachates (NH4-N 74-220 mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 190-920 mg O2/l, EC50 = 2-17% for Raphidocelis subcapitata). Ozonation was studied as well, but with the emphasis on enhancing biodegradability of Leachates. Nanofiltration (25 degrees C) removed 52-66% of COD and 27-50% of ammonia, the latter indicating that ammonia may in part have been present as ammonium salt complexes. Biological pretreatment enhanced the overall COD removal. Air stripping (24 h at pH 11) resulted in 89% and 64% ammonia removal at 20 and 6 degrees C, respectively, the stripping rate remaining below 10 mg N/l h. COD removals of 4-21% were obtained in stripping. Ozonation (20 degrees C) increased the concentration of rapidly biodegradable COD (RBCOD), but the proportion of RBCOD of total COD was still below 20% indicating poor biological treatability. The effect of the different treatments on leachate toxicity was assessed with the Daphnia acute toxicity test (Daphnia magna) and algal growth inhibition test (Raphidcocelis subcapitata). None of the methods was effective in toxicity removal. By way of comparison, treatment in a full-scale biological plant decreased leachate toxicity to half of the initial value. Although leachate toxicity significantly correlated with COD and ammonia in untreated and treated leachate, in some stripping and ozonation experiments toxicity was increased in spite of COD and ammonia removals.
Carlos Renato Menegatti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multi elemental analysis of Landfill Leachates by single and double pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Microchemical Journal, 2021Co-Authors: Bruno S Marangoni, Gustavo Nicolodelli, Giorgio S Senesi, Helcio Jose Izario Filho, D M B P Milori, Nielsen Fonseca, Alfredo Augusto Pereira Xavier, Paulino Ribeiro Villasboas, Carlos Renato MenegattiAbstract:Abstract In this work, the potential of single and double-pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (SP and DP LIBS) has been investigated for multi-elemental analysis of the elements manganese, zinc, arsenic and lead in Landfill Leachates. Instrumental parameters such as detection delay and interpulse delay times were investigated in order to find the optimal operating values for multi-elemental analysis. The following emission lines were used: Mn II: 257.61; 259.37 and 260.56 nm; Zn II: 206.20 nm and Zn I: 213.85 nm; As I: 228.81; 234.98 nm and Pb I: 405.78 nm. All elements showed a strong enhancement factor (2.5) of DP LIBS signal intensities compared to SP LIBS. Analyses were performed using a background correction and the sum of the areas below each element emission lines. The limits of detection (LODs) achieved by SP LIBS were: 21.3, 77.5, 89.3, 38.9 mgkg−1 and for DP LIBS: 7.1, 13.4, 11.9 and 7.3 mgkg−1 respectively for Mn, Zn, As and Pb. The LOD values achieved by DP LIBS were improved by factors of 3, 6, 7.5 and 5 times respectively for Mn, Zn, As and Pb, with respect to SP LIBS. The average quantification errors were 7.5, 19.6, 38.2 and 28% for SP LIBS and 9.2, 21.3, 12.9 and 14.4% for DP LIBS respectively for Mn, Zn, As and Pb. The LIBS approach was demonstrated to be suitable for quantitative analysis of toxic elements and sufficiently fast for real time continuous monitoring of Landfill Leachates.
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evaluation of libs under controlled atmosphere to quantify cadmium at low concentration in Landfill Leachates
Applied Physics B, 2019Co-Authors: Carlos Renato Menegatti, Gustavo Nicolodelli, Giorgio S Senesi, Otavio A Da Silva, Helcio Jose Izario Filho, Bruno S Marangoni, Paulino Ribeiro Villasboas, D M B P MiloriAbstract:Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast, relatively simple and precise alternative technique to measure heavy metal concentrations in solid, liquid and gaseous materials with limits of detection compatible with the recommended values for soil and water quality criteria. In this paper, a conventional LIBS apparatus has been used for the quantitative analysis of cadmium (Cd) in a Landfill leachate under controlled atmospheric and reduced pressure (100 Torr) conditions. LIBS analysis was performed using a background correction and the sum of the areas above the three Cd transitions peaks (Cd II at 214.44 nm; Cd II at 226.50 nm and Cd I at 228.80 nm). Under reduced pressure the linear correlation of the calibration curve increased from 0.96 to 0.99, with respect to the atmospheric pressure. The limit of detection for Cd improved by a factor of 5, from 5 to 1 mg kg−1, and the concentrations measured by LIBS were assessed by complementary induced coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). These results indicated that LIBS under controlled atmosphere can be recommended for the analytical quantification of Cd in Landfill Leachates.
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semiquantitative analysis of mercury in Landfill Leachates using double pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Applied Optics, 2017Co-Authors: Carlos Renato Menegatti, Gustavo Nicolodelli, Giorgio S Senesi, Otavio A Da Silva, Helcio Jose Izario Filho, P R V Boas, Bruno S Marangoni, D M B P MiloriAbstract:Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is showing to be a promising, quick, accurate, and practical technique to detect and measure metal contaminants and nutrients in urban wastes and Landfill Leachates. Although conventional LIBS presents some limitations, such as low sensitivity, when used in the single pulse configuration if compared to other spectroscopic techniques, the use of the double-pulse (DP) configuration represents an adequate alternative. In this work DP LIBS has been applied to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of mercury (Hg) in Landfill Leachates. The correlation analysis performed between each intensified charge-coupled device pixel and the Hg concentration allowed us to choose the most appropriate Hg emission line to be used for its measure. The normalization process applied to LIBS spectra to correct physical matrix effects and small fluctuations increased from 0.82 to 0.98 the linear correlation of the calibration curve between LIBS and the reference data. The limit of detection for Hg estimated using DP LIBS was 76 mg Kg−1. The cross validation (leave-one-out) analysis yielded an absolute average error of about 21%. These values showed that the calibration models were close to the optimization limit and satisfactory for Hg quantification in Landfill leachate.
Ana Lopes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ecotoxicological evaluation of electrochemical oxidation for the treatment of sanitary Landfill Leachates.
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018Co-Authors: Annabel Fernandes, Maria José Pacheco, Lurdes Ciríaco, Manuel Ramiro Dias Pastorinho, Ana Catarina Sousa, Wilson Araújo Da Silva, Rodrigo Fortes Da Silva, M.j. Nunes, Ana Sofia Rodrigues, Ana LopesAbstract:In this study, the efficiency of electrochemical oxidation to treat a sanitary Landfill leachate was evaluated by the reduction in physico-chemical parameters and in ecotoxicity. The acute toxicity of the sanitary Landfill Leachates, before and after treatment, was assessed with the model organism Daphnia magna. Electrochemical oxidation treatment was effective in the removal of organic load and ammonium nitrogen and in the reduction of metal ions concentrations. Furthermore, a reduction of 2.5-fold in the acute toxicity towards D. magna after 36 h of treatment was noticed. Nevertheless, the toxicity of the treated leachate is still very high, and further treatments are necessary in order to obtain a non-toxic effluent to this aquatic organism. Toxicity results were also compared with others described in the literature for different leachate treatments and test organisms.
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Review on the electrochemical processes for the treatment of sanitary Landfill Leachates: Present and future
Applied Catalysis B-environmental, 2015Co-Authors: Annabel Fernandes, Maria José Pacheco, Lurdes Ciríaco, Ana LopesAbstract:Abstract Due to its properties and composition, sanitary Landfill leachate is one of the major environmental problems concerning water pollution. The optimization of the leachate treatment, in order to fully reduce the negative impact on the environment, is a nowadays challenge. Advanced technologies for the treatment of sanitary Landfill Leachates have received increasing attention over the past decade. This paper presents a general review of efficient electrochemical technologies developed to decontaminate sanitary Landfill Leachates. An overview of the fundamental aspects of electrochemical methods, such as electrocoagulation, electro-Fenton and electrochemical oxidation, is provided and updated information on the application of these technologies to sanitary Landfill Leachates is given. The effect of the main process variables of these electrochemical technologies in the sanitary Landfill Leachates treatment effectiveness is discussed and a critical analysis of the prime benefits and drawbacks of its application is made.
Bruno S Marangoni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multi elemental analysis of Landfill Leachates by single and double pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Microchemical Journal, 2021Co-Authors: Bruno S Marangoni, Gustavo Nicolodelli, Giorgio S Senesi, Helcio Jose Izario Filho, D M B P Milori, Nielsen Fonseca, Alfredo Augusto Pereira Xavier, Paulino Ribeiro Villasboas, Carlos Renato MenegattiAbstract:Abstract In this work, the potential of single and double-pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (SP and DP LIBS) has been investigated for multi-elemental analysis of the elements manganese, zinc, arsenic and lead in Landfill Leachates. Instrumental parameters such as detection delay and interpulse delay times were investigated in order to find the optimal operating values for multi-elemental analysis. The following emission lines were used: Mn II: 257.61; 259.37 and 260.56 nm; Zn II: 206.20 nm and Zn I: 213.85 nm; As I: 228.81; 234.98 nm and Pb I: 405.78 nm. All elements showed a strong enhancement factor (2.5) of DP LIBS signal intensities compared to SP LIBS. Analyses were performed using a background correction and the sum of the areas below each element emission lines. The limits of detection (LODs) achieved by SP LIBS were: 21.3, 77.5, 89.3, 38.9 mgkg−1 and for DP LIBS: 7.1, 13.4, 11.9 and 7.3 mgkg−1 respectively for Mn, Zn, As and Pb. The LOD values achieved by DP LIBS were improved by factors of 3, 6, 7.5 and 5 times respectively for Mn, Zn, As and Pb, with respect to SP LIBS. The average quantification errors were 7.5, 19.6, 38.2 and 28% for SP LIBS and 9.2, 21.3, 12.9 and 14.4% for DP LIBS respectively for Mn, Zn, As and Pb. The LIBS approach was demonstrated to be suitable for quantitative analysis of toxic elements and sufficiently fast for real time continuous monitoring of Landfill Leachates.
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evaluation of libs under controlled atmosphere to quantify cadmium at low concentration in Landfill Leachates
Applied Physics B, 2019Co-Authors: Carlos Renato Menegatti, Gustavo Nicolodelli, Giorgio S Senesi, Otavio A Da Silva, Helcio Jose Izario Filho, Bruno S Marangoni, Paulino Ribeiro Villasboas, D M B P MiloriAbstract:Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast, relatively simple and precise alternative technique to measure heavy metal concentrations in solid, liquid and gaseous materials with limits of detection compatible with the recommended values for soil and water quality criteria. In this paper, a conventional LIBS apparatus has been used for the quantitative analysis of cadmium (Cd) in a Landfill leachate under controlled atmospheric and reduced pressure (100 Torr) conditions. LIBS analysis was performed using a background correction and the sum of the areas above the three Cd transitions peaks (Cd II at 214.44 nm; Cd II at 226.50 nm and Cd I at 228.80 nm). Under reduced pressure the linear correlation of the calibration curve increased from 0.96 to 0.99, with respect to the atmospheric pressure. The limit of detection for Cd improved by a factor of 5, from 5 to 1 mg kg−1, and the concentrations measured by LIBS were assessed by complementary induced coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). These results indicated that LIBS under controlled atmosphere can be recommended for the analytical quantification of Cd in Landfill Leachates.
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semiquantitative analysis of mercury in Landfill Leachates using double pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Applied Optics, 2017Co-Authors: Carlos Renato Menegatti, Gustavo Nicolodelli, Giorgio S Senesi, Otavio A Da Silva, Helcio Jose Izario Filho, P R V Boas, Bruno S Marangoni, D M B P MiloriAbstract:Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is showing to be a promising, quick, accurate, and practical technique to detect and measure metal contaminants and nutrients in urban wastes and Landfill Leachates. Although conventional LIBS presents some limitations, such as low sensitivity, when used in the single pulse configuration if compared to other spectroscopic techniques, the use of the double-pulse (DP) configuration represents an adequate alternative. In this work DP LIBS has been applied to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of mercury (Hg) in Landfill Leachates. The correlation analysis performed between each intensified charge-coupled device pixel and the Hg concentration allowed us to choose the most appropriate Hg emission line to be used for its measure. The normalization process applied to LIBS spectra to correct physical matrix effects and small fluctuations increased from 0.82 to 0.98 the linear correlation of the calibration curve between LIBS and the reference data. The limit of detection for Hg estimated using DP LIBS was 76 mg Kg−1. The cross validation (leave-one-out) analysis yielded an absolute average error of about 21%. These values showed that the calibration models were close to the optimization limit and satisfactory for Hg quantification in Landfill leachate.
