The Experts below are selected from a list of 1120116 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Charlie A Hickslittle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ankle ligament healing after an acute ankle sprain an evidence based approach
Journal of Athletic Training, 2008Co-Authors: Tricia J Hubbard, Charlie A HickslittleAbstract:Abstract Objective: To perform a systematic review to determine the healing time of the lateral ankle ligaments after an acute ankle sprain. Data Sources: We identified English-Language Research studies from 1964 to 2007 by searching MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), SportDiscus, and CINAHL using the terms ankle sprain, ankle rehabilitation, ankle injury, ligament healing, and immobilization. Study Selection: We selected studies that described randomized, controlled clinical trials measuring ligament laxity either objectively or subjectively immediately after injury and at least 1 more time after injury. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently scored the 7 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Because of differences in study designs, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Effect sizes and confidence intervals could be calculated only for 1 study. The percentages of subjective and objective instability were calculated for the remaining studies. Data Synthesis: Ankle laxity improved...
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ankle ligament healing after an acute ankle sprain an evidence based approach
Journal of Athletic Training, 2008Co-Authors: Tricia J Hubbard, Charlie A HickslittleAbstract:Abstract Objective: To perform a systematic review to determine the healing time of the lateral ankle ligaments after an acute ankle sprain. Data Sources: We identified English-Language Research studies from 1964 to 2007 by searching MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), SportDiscus, and CINAHL using the terms ankle sprain, ankle rehabilitation, ankle injury, ligament healing, and immobilization. Study Selection: We selected studies that described randomized, controlled clinical trials measuring ligament laxity either objectively or subjectively immediately after injury and at least 1 more time after injury. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently scored the 7 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Because of differences in study designs, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Effect sizes and confidence intervals could be calculated only for 1 study. The percentages of subjective and objective instability were calculated for the remaining studies. Data Synthesis: Ankle laxity improved...
Tricia J Hubbard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ankle ligament healing after an acute ankle sprain an evidence based approach
Journal of Athletic Training, 2008Co-Authors: Tricia J Hubbard, Charlie A HickslittleAbstract:Abstract Objective: To perform a systematic review to determine the healing time of the lateral ankle ligaments after an acute ankle sprain. Data Sources: We identified English-Language Research studies from 1964 to 2007 by searching MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), SportDiscus, and CINAHL using the terms ankle sprain, ankle rehabilitation, ankle injury, ligament healing, and immobilization. Study Selection: We selected studies that described randomized, controlled clinical trials measuring ligament laxity either objectively or subjectively immediately after injury and at least 1 more time after injury. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently scored the 7 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Because of differences in study designs, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Effect sizes and confidence intervals could be calculated only for 1 study. The percentages of subjective and objective instability were calculated for the remaining studies. Data Synthesis: Ankle laxity improved...
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ankle ligament healing after an acute ankle sprain an evidence based approach
Journal of Athletic Training, 2008Co-Authors: Tricia J Hubbard, Charlie A HickslittleAbstract:Abstract Objective: To perform a systematic review to determine the healing time of the lateral ankle ligaments after an acute ankle sprain. Data Sources: We identified English-Language Research studies from 1964 to 2007 by searching MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), SportDiscus, and CINAHL using the terms ankle sprain, ankle rehabilitation, ankle injury, ligament healing, and immobilization. Study Selection: We selected studies that described randomized, controlled clinical trials measuring ligament laxity either objectively or subjectively immediately after injury and at least 1 more time after injury. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently scored the 7 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Because of differences in study designs, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Effect sizes and confidence intervals could be calculated only for 1 study. The percentages of subjective and objective instability were calculated for the remaining studies. Data Synthesis: Ankle laxity improved...
Ruth A Berman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cross linguistic comparisons in child Language Research
Journal of Child Language, 2014Co-Authors: Ruth A BermanAbstract:Major large-scale Research projects in the early years of developmental psycholinguistics were English-based, yet even then numerous studies were available or under way in a range of different Languages (Ferguson & Slobin, 1973). Since then, the field of cross-linguistic child Language Research has burgeoned in several directions. First, rich information is now available on the acquisition of dozens of Languages from around the world in numerous Language families, spearheaded by the five-volume series edited by Slobin (1985–1997) and complemented by in-depth examination of specific constructions – e.g. causative alternation, motion verbs, passive voice, subject elision, noun compounding – in various Languages, culminating in an in-depth examination of the acquisition of ergativity in over a dozen Languages (Bavin & Stoll, 2013). A second fruitful direction is the application of carefully comparable designs targeting a range of issues among children acquiring different Languages, including: production of early lexico-grammatical constructions (Slobin, 1982), sentence processing comprehension (MacWhinney & Bates, 1989), expression of spatial relations (Bowerman, 2011), discourse construction of oral narratives based on short picture series (Hickmann, 2003) and longer storybooks (Berman & Slobin, 1994), and extended texts in different genres (Berman, 2008). Taken together, Research motivated by the question of what is particular and what universal in child Language highlights the marked, and early, impact of ambient Language typology on processes of Language acquisition. The challenge remains to operationalize such insights by means of psychologically sound and linguistically well-motivated measures for evaluating the interplay between the variables of developmental level, linguistic domain, and ambient Language typology.
Allison Squires - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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methodological challenges in cross Language qualitative Research a Research review
International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2009Co-Authors: Allison SquiresAbstract:Abstract Objectives Cross-Language qualitative Research occurs when a Language barrier is present between Researchers and participants. The Language barrier is frequently mediated through the use of a translator or interpreter. The purpose of this analysis of cross-Language qualitative Research was threefold: (1) review the methods literature addressing cross-Language Research; (2) synthesize the methodological recommendations from the literature into a list of criteria that could evaluate how Researchers methodologically managed translators and interpreters in their qualitative studies; (3) test these criteria on published cross-Language qualitative studies. Data sources A group of 40 purposively selected cross-Language qualitative studies found in nursing and health sciences journals. Review methods The synthesis of the cross-Language methods literature produced 14 criteria to evaluate how qualitative Researchers managed the Language barrier between themselves and their study participants. To test the criteria, the Researcher conducted a summative content analysis framed by discourse analysis techniques of the 40 cross-Language studies. Results The evaluation showed that only 6 out of 40 studies met all the criteria recommended by the cross-Language methods literature for the production of trustworthy results in cross-Language qualitative studies. Multiple inconsistencies, reflecting disadvantageous methodological choices by cross-Language Researchers, appeared in the remaining 33 studies. To name a few, these included rendering the translator or interpreter as an invisible part of the Research process, failure to pilot test interview questions in the participant's Language, no description of translator or interpreter credentials, failure to acknowledge translation as a limitation of the study, and inappropriate methodological frameworks for cross-Language Research. Conclusions The finding about Researchers making the role of the translator or interpreter invisible during the Research process supports studies completed by other authors examining this issue. The analysis demonstrated that the criteria produced by this study may provide useful guidelines for evaluating cross-Language Research and for novice cross-Language Researchers designing their first studies. Finally, the study also indicates that Researchers attempting cross-Language studies need to address the methodological issues surrounding Language barriers between Researchers and participants more systematically.
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Language barriers and qualitative nursing Research methodological considerations
International Nursing Review, 2008Co-Authors: Allison SquiresAbstract:During qualitative Research, Language helps participants represent their sense of self. Language allows them to communicate similarities and differences to others, including the Researcher (Gee 1990; Temple & Young 2004). Through spoken interactions, the Language of participants helps define and explain issues related to their ethnicity, heritage, gender and other components of their identity (Gee 1990; Hole 2007; Temple 2002). For qualitative nurse Researchers, when the participant speaks a different Language than the Researcher, ‘it is more appropriate for Researchers to use the Language of the informant to obtain an understanding of health experiences and perceptions of health care’ (Twinn 1997, p. 419). The term ‘cross-Language Research’ describes studies in which a Language barrier is present between qualitative Researchers and their participants (Larson 1998; Temple 2002). Experienced cross-Language qualitative Researchers understand that when they conduct studies with participants who speak another Language, they have a responsibility to maintain the integrity and credibility of translated qualitative data. Inexperienced cross-Language qualitative Researchers often wrongly assume that a translator or interpreter will resolve any methodological issues related to Language barriers between qualitative study participants and Researchers (Temple 2002; Temple & Young 2004; Yach 1992). With words as data, however, Language barriers between nurse Researchers and participants become a potentially formidable methodological challenge. Translators and interpreters provide similar services to overcome Language barriers between two or more people. Their roles in Research, however, are distinct. An interpreter provides oral translation services during an interaction between two or more people who do not speak the same Language. A translator provides services translating documents, including transcribed interviews. The distinct nature of their roles affects data quality and may influence responses of study participants and the Research process. A central concern with using translators and interpreters is that the quality of data translation can affect the conceptual equivalence and accuracy of the study's findings (Fredrickson et al. 2005; Schultz 2004; Temple 2002). Therefore, a Researcher's failure to systematically address Language barriers during cross-Language Research threatens the credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability of the findings. With just these few methodological concerns, it is not surprising that many monolingual qualitative Researchers may hesitate to pursue a cross-Language qualitative study (Adamson & Donovan 2002; Esposito 2001; Lange 2002; Twinn 1997). Numerous individual articles describe the different methodological challenges that cross-Language Research presents. This article synthesizes the recommendations from the Research methods literature addressing Language barriers and qualitative Research. It begins with a description of the basics of Language competence and reviews the criteria for translator and interpreter qualifications. The succeeding section provides a discussion of translator and interpreter roles during various points in the Research process, ethical considerations, and the use of translators and interpreters in the various qualitative Research approaches. Qualitative nurse Researchers seeking to expand their Research to groups that speak a different Language than themselves will find the content useful for developing a cross-Language qualitative study.
Karen Emmorey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Language cognition and the brain insights from sign Language Research
2001Co-Authors: Karen EmmoreyAbstract:Contents: Preface. Introduction. The Structure of American Sign Language: Linguistic Universals and Modality Effects. The Confluence of Language and Space. Psycholinguistic Studies of Sign Perception, Online Processing, and Production. Sign Language Acquisition. The Critical Period Hypothesis and the Effects of Late Language Acquisition. Memory for Sign Language: Implications for the Structure of Working Memory. The Impact of Sign Language Use on Visuospatial Cognition. Sign Language and the Brain. Appendices: Handshapes in American Sign Language. Linguistic Distinctions Among Communication Forms in Nicaragua.
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Language cognition and the brain insights from sign Language Research
2001Co-Authors: Karen EmmoreyAbstract:Once signed Languages are recognized as natural human Languages, a world of exploration opens up. Signed Languages provide a powerful tool for investigating the nature of human Language and Language processing, the relation between cognition and Language, and the neural organization of Language. The value of sign Languages lies in their modality. Specifically, for perception, signed Languages depend upon high-level vision and motion processing systems, and for production, they require the integration of motor systems involving the hands and face. These facts raise many questions: What impact does this different biological base have for grammatical systems? For online Language processing? For the acquisition of Language? How does it affect nonlinguistic cognitive structures and processing? Are the same neural systems involved? These are some of the questions that this book aims at addressing. The answers provide insight into what constrains grammatical form, Language processing, linguistic working memory, and hemispheric specialization for Language. The study of signed Languages allows Researchers to address questions about the nature of linguistic and cognitive systems that otherwise could not be easily addressed.
