The Experts below are selected from a list of 12744 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rasheedat M. Mahamood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Additive Manufacturing: Laser Metal Deposition and Effect of Preheating on Properties of Deposited Ti-4822-4 Alloy
Additive Manufacturing Technologies From an Optimization Perspective, 2019Co-Authors: Kamardeen O. Abdulrahman, Esther Titilayo Akinlabi, Rasheedat M. MahamoodAbstract:Three-dimensional printing has evolved into an advanced Laser additive manufacturing (AM) process with capacity of directly producing parts through CAD model. AM technology parts are fabricated through layer by layer build-up additive process. AM technology cuts down material wastage, reduces buy-to-fly ratio, fabricates complex parts, and repairs damaged old functional components. Titanium aluminide alloys fall under the group of interMetallic compounds known for high temperature applications and display of superior physical and mechanical properties, which made them most sort after in the aeronautic, energy, and automobile industries. Laser Metal Deposition is an AM process used in the repair and fabrication of solid components but sometimes associated with thermal induced stresses which sometimes led to cracks in deposited parts. This chapter looks at some AM processes with more emphasis on Laser Metal Deposition technique, effect of LMD processing parameters, and preheating of substrate on the physical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of components produced through AM process.
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Laser Metal Deposition of Titanium Alloy (Ti6Al4V): A Review
2019 International Conference on Engineering Science and Industrial Applications (ICESI), 2019Co-Authors: Esther Titilayo Akinlabi, Yasuhiro Okamoto, Martin Ruthandi Maina, Stephen A. Akinlabi, Sisa Pityana, Monnamme Tlotleng, Ganiyat A. Soliu, Rasheedat M. MahamoodAbstract:Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technologies in that belongs to the class of direct energy Deposition which is suitable for manufacturing of alloys and composites materials. LMD is an efficient AM technique which is capable of producing end-use products starting from depositing the powder/wire material layer-by-layer. During LMD process, a Laser beam is used as a heat source to generate a melt-pool on the substrate and melts the powder that is deposited through a co-axial nozzle and supported with a shielding gas that helps to prevent oxidation. LMD is capable of producing complex shaped and functionally graded parts which are useful in many industrial applications. This AM technology can also be used in repairing worn out parts that cannot be repaired by other manufacturing technology. In this paper, a review of Laser Metal Deposition of titanium alloy is presented. This provides an overview of LMD of titanium alloys grade 5 (Ti6Al4V) and focuses on the effects of processing parameters on the overall evolving properties.
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Laser Metal Deposition technique: sustainability and environmental impact
Procedia Manufacturing, 2018Co-Authors: Kamardeen O. Abdulrahman, Esther Titilayo Akinlabi, Rasheedat M. MahamoodAbstract:Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is a term used in describing a set of manufacturing techniques that employs layer upon layer production of parts and components through the application of 3D model data and inputs of raw material. The technology easily comes to mind in the recent times as processing complexities during production is partly responsible for the high cost of parts and components. Industries such as the heavy machinery consumers, aerospace and casting industry now employs the technology as a way of prolonging service of faulty parts through repair and remanufacturing technology. AM has the tendency to change many production set ups through reduction in cost of production, material wastage, energy usage, component lead time etc. AM technologies also have their own challenges despite numerous advantages associated with them. This paper looks at some of the Laser Metal Deposition techniques, their sustainability and environmental impact.
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Research Advancements in Laser Metal Deposition Process
Engineering Materials and Processes, 2017Co-Authors: Rasheedat M. MahamoodAbstract:Laser Metal Deposition process is an additive manufacturing technologies that utilize Laser as its source of energy to fuse and melt materials together layer after layer to produce three dimensional solid part. Laser Metal Deposition process has gain a lot of popularities in the research community since its inception because of the exciting properties of the power source ‘Laser’ and because of the great potential of the process. Laser delivers heat energy in a coherent manner and with low divergence thereby making the intensity of the Laser beam to be very high and can be controlled as required thereby concentrating all the intensity at a point of interest. Laser Metal Deposition process the capability to produce novel product that maybe difficult if not impossible to fabricate using the conventional subtractive manufacturing processes. Laser Metal Deposition process can help to extend the service life of parts through the innovative repair process. A number of industries have benefited from these exciting technologies which include: aerospace, automobile, medicine and jewelry. This technology is fairly new and it is a promising technology that may change the way machines are produced. The focus of this chapter is to analyze the progress in this important additive manufacturing technology in term of research efforts in this area and the current state of these technology.
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Laser Metal Deposition of Titanium Alloy and Titanium Alloy Composite: Case Studies
Engineering Materials and Processes, 2017Co-Authors: Rasheedat M. MahamoodAbstract:Laser Metal Deposition process, an additive manufacturing process offer lots of advantages such as ability to produce three dimensional (3D) object from the 3D computer aided design of the object- meaning that whatever can be drawn using any CAD software can be manufactured; the ability to make part with composite and functionally graded materials- because it can make use of multi materials at the same time; and the ability to build a new materials on an old material with good Metallurgical integrity. These important characteristics of the Laser Metal Deposition process have made it the manufacturing technology of the future. This chapter presents case studies on Laser Metal Deposition of titanium alloy-Ti6Al4V and its composite materials because of the role this materials play in key industrial applications. Also, Laser Metal Deposition process is a relatively new technology and some of the process physics are yet to be fully understood. These case studies shed more lights on the use of this additive manufacturing process for Ti6Al4V and its composites, the influence of some processing parameters on the evolving properties and how such processing parameters can be controlled in order to tailor the properties of the component being fabricated.
Esther Titilayo Akinlabi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Laser Metal Deposition of Titanium Alloy (Ti6Al4V): A Review
2019 International Conference on Engineering Science and Industrial Applications (ICESI), 2019Co-Authors: Esther Titilayo Akinlabi, Yasuhiro Okamoto, Martin Ruthandi Maina, Stephen A. Akinlabi, Sisa Pityana, Monnamme Tlotleng, Ganiyat A. Soliu, Rasheedat M. MahamoodAbstract:Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technologies in that belongs to the class of direct energy Deposition which is suitable for manufacturing of alloys and composites materials. LMD is an efficient AM technique which is capable of producing end-use products starting from depositing the powder/wire material layer-by-layer. During LMD process, a Laser beam is used as a heat source to generate a melt-pool on the substrate and melts the powder that is deposited through a co-axial nozzle and supported with a shielding gas that helps to prevent oxidation. LMD is capable of producing complex shaped and functionally graded parts which are useful in many industrial applications. This AM technology can also be used in repairing worn out parts that cannot be repaired by other manufacturing technology. In this paper, a review of Laser Metal Deposition of titanium alloy is presented. This provides an overview of LMD of titanium alloys grade 5 (Ti6Al4V) and focuses on the effects of processing parameters on the overall evolving properties.
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Additive Manufacturing: Laser Metal Deposition and Effect of Preheating on Properties of Deposited Ti-4822-4 Alloy
Additive Manufacturing Technologies From an Optimization Perspective, 2019Co-Authors: Kamardeen O. Abdulrahman, Esther Titilayo Akinlabi, Rasheedat M. MahamoodAbstract:Three-dimensional printing has evolved into an advanced Laser additive manufacturing (AM) process with capacity of directly producing parts through CAD model. AM technology parts are fabricated through layer by layer build-up additive process. AM technology cuts down material wastage, reduces buy-to-fly ratio, fabricates complex parts, and repairs damaged old functional components. Titanium aluminide alloys fall under the group of interMetallic compounds known for high temperature applications and display of superior physical and mechanical properties, which made them most sort after in the aeronautic, energy, and automobile industries. Laser Metal Deposition is an AM process used in the repair and fabrication of solid components but sometimes associated with thermal induced stresses which sometimes led to cracks in deposited parts. This chapter looks at some AM processes with more emphasis on Laser Metal Deposition technique, effect of LMD processing parameters, and preheating of substrate on the physical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of components produced through AM process.
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Laser Metal Deposition technique: sustainability and environmental impact
Procedia Manufacturing, 2018Co-Authors: Kamardeen O. Abdulrahman, Esther Titilayo Akinlabi, Rasheedat M. MahamoodAbstract:Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is a term used in describing a set of manufacturing techniques that employs layer upon layer production of parts and components through the application of 3D model data and inputs of raw material. The technology easily comes to mind in the recent times as processing complexities during production is partly responsible for the high cost of parts and components. Industries such as the heavy machinery consumers, aerospace and casting industry now employs the technology as a way of prolonging service of faulty parts through repair and remanufacturing technology. AM has the tendency to change many production set ups through reduction in cost of production, material wastage, energy usage, component lead time etc. AM technologies also have their own challenges despite numerous advantages associated with them. This paper looks at some of the Laser Metal Deposition techniques, their sustainability and environmental impact.
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Scanning Speed Influence on the Microstructure and Micro hardness Properties of Titanium Alloy Produced by Laser Metal Deposition Process
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2017Co-Authors: Rasheedat M. Mahamood, Esther Titilayo AkinlabiAbstract:Ti6Al4V is an important automobile and aerospace alloy because of its excellent properties, but it is challenging to process this material through the conventional manufacturing processes. Laser Metal Deposition process which is an additive manufacturing technologies an alternative manufacturing process that offers lots of advantages for processing difficult to manufacture materials like titanium and its alloys. Laser Metal Deposition process has the ability to improve the properties of materials and also improve the fuel efficiency of moving parts by making them lighter and hence help to reduce the carbon foot printing in the transportation industry. Laser Metal Deposition process (LMD) is fairly new and some of the process physics still needs to be understood. In this study, the effect of scanning speed on the resulting Metallurgical and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V powder deposited using LMD was studied. Ti6Al4V powder was deposited coaxially with a 4.0 Kw Rofin Sinar Nd: YAG Laser on Ti6Al4V substrate. The Laser power, powder flow rate and gas flow rate were kept constant while the scanning speed was varied between 0.005 and 0.095m/sec. The microstructures of the samples were studied using the optical microscope and the micro hardness was also measured using the Vickers hardness tester. The properties of the deposited samples were studied with the varying scanning speed.The micro hardness was found to increase with the increase in the scanning speed.
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Laser Metal Deposition of functionally graded ti6al4v tic
Materials & Design, 2015Co-Authors: Rasheedat M. Mahamood, Esther Titilayo AkinlabiAbstract:Abstract Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are advanced materials with improved properties that enable them to withstand severe working environment which the traditional composite materials cannot withstand. FGM found their applications in several areas which include: military, medicine and aerospace. Various manufacturing processes are used to produce functionally graded materials that include: powder Metallurgy, physical vapour Deposition, chemical vapour Deposition process and Laser Metal Deposition process. Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) process is an additive manufacturing process that can be used to produce functionally graded material directly from the three dimensional (3D) computer aided design (CAD) model of the part in one single process. LMD process is a fairly new manufacturing process and a highly non-linear process. The process parameters are of great importance in LMD process and they need to be optimized for the required application. In this study, functionally graded titanium alloy composite was produced using optimized process parameters for each material combination as obtained through a model that was developed in an initial study and the FGM was characterized through Metallurgical, mechanical and tribological studies. The results show that the produced FGM has improved properties when compared to those produced at constant processing parameters for all material combinations.
Benjamin Klusemann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental Investigation of Temperature Distribution during Wire-Based Laser Metal Deposition of the Al-Mg Alloy 5087
Materials Science Forum, 2018Co-Authors: Martin Froend, Stefan Riekehr, Nikolai Kashaev, Benjamin Klusemann, Frederic E. Bock, Josephin EnzAbstract:Wire-based Laser Metal Deposition enables to manufacture large-scale components with Deposition rates significant higher compared to powder-based Laser additive manufacturing techniques, which are currently working with Deposition rates of only a few hundred gram per hour. However, the wire-based approach requires a significant amount of Laser power in the range of several kilowatts instead of only a few hundred watts for powder-based processes. This excessive heat input during Laser Metal Deposition can lead to process instabilities such as a non-uniform material Deposition and to a limited processability, respectively. Although, numerous possibilities to monitor temperature evolution during processing exist, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the relationship between temperature and geometric shape of the deposited structure. Due to changing cooling conditions with increasing distance to the substrate material, producing a wall-like structure results in varying heights of the individual tracks. This presents challenges for the Deposition of high wall-like structures and limits the use of constant process parameters. In the present study, the temperature evolution during Laser Metal Deposition of AA5087 using constant process parameters is investigated and a scheme for process parameter adaptions in order to reduce residual stress induced componential distortions is suggested.
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process development for wire based Laser Metal Deposition of 5087 aluminium alloy by using fibre Laser
Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2018Co-Authors: Martin Froend, Stefan Riekehr, Nikolai Kashaev, Benjamin KlusemannAbstract:Abstract In recent decades, Laser Metal Deposition, as a part of additive manufacturing, developed into a promising methodology in industrial fields. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the processability of lightweight high-strength structural materials, such as aluminium alloys. However, in terms of wire-based Laser Metal Deposition, there is still a lack of knowledge with regard to the processability of aluminium alloys. In this research, the process development for wire-based Laser Metal Deposition of a 5087 aluminium alloy (AlMg4.5 MnZr) has been conducted. It is observed that pre-heating is beneficial in terms of porosity and distortion reduction. Within optimized parameter ranges, it is possible to control the geometric shape, dilution, and aspect ratios of the deposited layers in a systematic way. Accordingly, defect-free layers with tailored geometrical features can be processed and adapted to specific process requirements.
Martin Froend - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental Investigation of Temperature Distribution during Wire-Based Laser Metal Deposition of the Al-Mg Alloy 5087
Materials Science Forum, 2018Co-Authors: Martin Froend, Stefan Riekehr, Nikolai Kashaev, Benjamin Klusemann, Frederic E. Bock, Josephin EnzAbstract:Wire-based Laser Metal Deposition enables to manufacture large-scale components with Deposition rates significant higher compared to powder-based Laser additive manufacturing techniques, which are currently working with Deposition rates of only a few hundred gram per hour. However, the wire-based approach requires a significant amount of Laser power in the range of several kilowatts instead of only a few hundred watts for powder-based processes. This excessive heat input during Laser Metal Deposition can lead to process instabilities such as a non-uniform material Deposition and to a limited processability, respectively. Although, numerous possibilities to monitor temperature evolution during processing exist, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the relationship between temperature and geometric shape of the deposited structure. Due to changing cooling conditions with increasing distance to the substrate material, producing a wall-like structure results in varying heights of the individual tracks. This presents challenges for the Deposition of high wall-like structures and limits the use of constant process parameters. In the present study, the temperature evolution during Laser Metal Deposition of AA5087 using constant process parameters is investigated and a scheme for process parameter adaptions in order to reduce residual stress induced componential distortions is suggested.
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process development for wire based Laser Metal Deposition of 5087 aluminium alloy by using fibre Laser
Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2018Co-Authors: Martin Froend, Stefan Riekehr, Nikolai Kashaev, Benjamin KlusemannAbstract:Abstract In recent decades, Laser Metal Deposition, as a part of additive manufacturing, developed into a promising methodology in industrial fields. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the processability of lightweight high-strength structural materials, such as aluminium alloys. However, in terms of wire-based Laser Metal Deposition, there is still a lack of knowledge with regard to the processability of aluminium alloys. In this research, the process development for wire-based Laser Metal Deposition of a 5087 aluminium alloy (AlMg4.5 MnZr) has been conducted. It is observed that pre-heating is beneficial in terms of porosity and distortion reduction. Within optimized parameter ranges, it is possible to control the geometric shape, dilution, and aspect ratios of the deposited layers in a systematic way. Accordingly, defect-free layers with tailored geometrical features can be processed and adapted to specific process requirements.
Michael Rethmeier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Build-up Strategies for Laser Metal Deposition in Additive Manufacturing
2018Co-Authors: Torsten Petrat, Andrey Gumenyuk, Benjamin Graf, Michael RethmeierAbstract:Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) as a technology for additive manufacturing allows the production of large components outside of closed working chambers. Industrial applications require a stable process as well as a constant Deposition of the filler material in order to ensure uniform volume growth and reproducible mechanical properties. This paper deals with the influence of travel path strategies on temperature profile and material Deposition. Meandering and spiral hatching strategies are used in the center as well as in the edge of a specimen. The temperature is measured with thermocouples attatched to the backside of the specimen. The tests are carried out on the materials S235JR and 316L. The results show a strong dependence of the maximum temperatures on the travel path strategy and the welding position on the component.
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Application of D-optimum experimental designs in consideration of restrictions for Laser Metal Deposition
Global Nuclear Safety, 2017Co-Authors: Angelina Marko, Benjamin Graf, Sergej Gook, Michael RethmeierAbstract:The process of Laser Metal Deposition can be applied in many ways. Mostly, it is relevant to coating, for repair welding and for additive manufacturing. To increase the effectiveness and the productiveness, a good process understanding is necessary. Statistical test planning is effectual and often used for this purpose. For financial and temporal reasons, a restriction of the test space is reasonable. In this case, it is recommended to use a D-optimal experimental design which is practically applied to extend existing test plans or if process Limits are known. This paper investigates the applicability of a D-optimum experimental design for the Laser Metal Deposition. The results are compared to the current results of a full factorial test plan. Known restrictions are used for the limitation of the test space. Ti6Al4 is utilized as Substrate material and powder. Comparable results of the D-optimal experimental design and of the full factorial test plan can be demonstrated. However, 80 % of time can be saved by the experimental procedure. For this reason, the application of D-optimal experimental design for Laser Metal Deposition is recommend.
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Laser Metal Deposition as repair technology for a gas turbine burner made of inconel 718
Physics Procedia, 2016Co-Authors: Torsten Petrat, Andrey Gumenyuk, Benjamin Graf, Michael RethmeierAbstract:Maintenance, repair and overhaul of components are of increasing interest for parts of high complexity and expensive manufacturing costs. In this paper a production process for Laser Metal Deposition is presented, and used to repair a gas turbine burner of Inconel 718. Different parameters for defined track geometries were determined to attain a near net shape Deposition with consistent build-up rate for changing wall thicknesses over the manufacturing process. Spot diameter, powder feed rate, welding velocity and Laser power were changed as main parameters for a different track size. An optimal overlap rate for a constant layer height was used to calculate the best track size for a fitting layer width similar to the part dimension. Deviations in width and height over the whole build-up process were detected and customized build-up strategies for the 3D sequences were designed. The results show the possibility of a near net shape repair by using different track geometries with Laser Metal Deposition.
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design of experiments for Laser Metal Deposition in maintenance repair and overhaul applications
Procedia CIRP, 2013Co-Authors: B. Graf, Andrey Gumenyuk, Michael Rethmeier, Stefan AmmerAbstract:Modern and expensive parts lead to an increasing demand for maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) technologies. Instead of part replacement, MRO technologies are economically advantageous throughout the life cycle. Laser Metal Deposition as modern MRO technology can be used to repair cracks or protect damaged surfaces with a hard facing layer. It is necessary to adjust weld bead profile to the specific task. For this purpose, Design of Experiment (DoE) has a high potential to decrease experimental effort. In this paper, a full factorial design is used to determine the effect of process parameters on the geometric dimensions of the weld bead. The paper is of interest to engineers working with Laser Metal Deposition as well as DoE methods.
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Laser Metal Deposition as repair technology for stainless steel and titanium alloys
Physics Procedia, 2012Co-Authors: B. Graf, Andrey Gumenyuk, Michael RethmeierAbstract:Abstract In a repair process chain, damaged areas or cracks can be removed by milling and subsequently be reconditioned with new material Deposition. The use of Laser Metal Deposition has been investigated for this purpose. The material has been deposited into different groove shapes, using both stainless steel and Ti-6Al-4 V. The influence of welding parameters on the microstructure and the heat affected zone has been studied. The parameters have been modified in order to achieve low heat input and consequently low distortion as well as low Metallurgical impact. Finally, an evaluation of the opportunities for an automatized repair process is made.
