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Louis A Kamentsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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next generation Laser Scanning cytometry
Methods in Cell Biology, 2004Co-Authors: Ed Luther, Louis A Kamentsky, Melvin Henriksen, Elena HoldenAbstract:Publisher Summary Flow cytometry (FC) has been at the forefront of quantitative cytometric analysis. Recent experimental needs in the life sciences demand a combination of quantitative cytometry and imaging cytometry. This demand has been fulfilled by the development of Laser Scanning cytometry (LSC). LSC is a combination of quantitative cytometry and imaging cytometry. LSC technology transforms the microscope from a qualitative to a quantitative tool for cell biology. Laser Scanning cytometer and two newer, next-generation systems, the automated imaging cytometer (iCyte), and the research imaging cytometer (iCys) are a product line of Laser Scanning cytometers. The iCys and iCyte systems provide for either interactive (iCys) or walkaway (iCyte) analysis. The chapter gives an overview of obtaining the images; segmentation and feature extraction; and data analysis for these cytometers. The iNovator application development module adds significantly to the capabilities of the iCyte and iCys systems. With the iNovator, the user can (1) employ imaging tools to the segmentation and data analysis process, (2) control the process with visually oriented macros, and (3) perform multiscale Scanning and analysis. The user has the ability to define and save numerous types of data files, both numerical and image. A number of applications have been developed for the new iCys and iCyte platforms.
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Laser Scanning cytometry
Methods in Cell Biology, 2001Co-Authors: Louis A KamentskyAbstract:Publisher Summary Laser Scanning cytometry (LSCM) automatically measures Laser excited fluorescence at multiple wavelengths and light scatter from cells on slides that have been treated with one or more fluorescent dyes to rapidly determine multiple cellular constituents and other features of the cells. This chapter describes a specific Laser Scanning cytometer, the LSC that can use these techniques perfected for flow cytometry (FCM) to provide data comparable to FCM. Because it is microscope based and measures cells on the surface of a slide, records position of each cell on the slide, and has higher resolution, it can provide a number of benefits that may make it a more suitable cytometer for certain applications. LSCM is not comparable to confocal microscopy. Because LSCM must uniformly illuminate cells throughout their volume to obtain accurate whole cell constituent measurements, its optical components are designed to be nonconfocal. LSCM uses large field depths, and confocal microscopy emphasizes short field depth to provide detailed images at a narrow depth focal plane through each cell that is imaged. Additionally, LSCM is designed to automatically measure large heterogeneous populations of cells, unlike the detailed single cell analysis, for which confocal microscopy is most useful.
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multiparameter analysis of dna content and cytokeratin expression in breast carcinoma by Laser Scanning cytometry
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 1997Co-Authors: Richard J. Clatch, James R. Foreman, Jami L Walloch, Louis A KamentskyAbstract:Objective The objective of this study was to test a new laboratory technology, Laser Scanning cytometry, for the purpose of performing multiparameter DNA content analysis of breast carcinomas. Design We developed a simplified method of multiparameter DNA content analysis using cytokeratin expression to positively gate epithelial cells. Over 300 consecutive cases of breast carcinoma were analyzed by multiparameter Laser Scanning cytometry. The first 73 cases were analyzed in parallel by single parameter flow cytometry. Setting The Department of Pathology, Christ Hospital and Medical Center, Oak Lawn, Ill. Specimens Three hundred eighteen consecutive cases of breast carcinoma presenting between March 1994 and December 1995. Main outcome measures Outcome measures included the percentage of cases for which DNA content analysis could be successfully performed given the limitations of specimen size. Additionally, for the first 73 cases, Laser Scanning cytometry results were compared with flow cytometry results. Results All of the first 73 cases were successfully analyzed by Laser Scanning cytometry, but for 8 cases (11%) there was insufficient material for flow cytometry. Correlation of DNA content for the remaining 65 cases analyzed in parallel by the two methods was nearly perfect (p = .994). Five seemingly discrepant cases highlighted the importance of cytokeratin gating of epithelial cells by any technique, as well as other advantages specific to Laser Scanning cytometry, such as the ability to examine individual cells microscopically and correlate cytologic morphology with DNA content results. Conclusions Laser Scanning cytometry is a promising new technology for DNA content analysis of solid tissue tumors. Further work needs to be performed to validate the prognostic potential of the Laser Scanning cytometric assay results and to generate methodologies aimed at providing highly objective determinations of tumor cell S-phase fraction.
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slide based Laser Scanning cytometry
Acta Cytologica, 1997Co-Authors: Louis A Kamentsky, Douglas E Burger, Russell J Gershman, Ed LutherAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To show that Laser Scanning cytometry (LSCM) can provide data equivalent to flow cytometry (FCM) data and furnish a number of benefits, including cell relocation for visualization and several additional measurement features that may make it more suitable than FCM for pathology laboratories. STUDY DESIGN: A Laser Scanning cytometer, the LSC, was developed. Several instruments, at sites in the United States and Japan during the last two years, provided data characterizing the instrument and its usefulness. RESULTS: Data describing the sensitivity, precision, accuracy, utility of added measurement features and cell relocation capabilities of the LSC are presented. The data illustrate the applicability of the LSC to multiparameter DNA ploidy studies, resolution of phases of the cell cycle and cytogenetics. CONCLUSION: Because it is microscope based and measures cells on a slide, not in a flow chamber; records the position of each cell on the slide; and has higher resolution, LSCM provides a number of benefits that may make it more suitable than FCM for pathology laboratories.
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immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic malignancy by Laser Scanning cytometry
American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1996Co-Authors: Richard J. Clatch, Jami L Walloch, Mary M Zutter, Louis A KamentskyAbstract:The authors tested a newly-developed computerized Laser Scanning cytometer (LSC) as a means of performing immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic specimens within their community hospital. Results were compared on a case-by-case basis with parallel flow cytometric and immunohistochemical data. A total of 71 specimens analyzed include 22 excised lymph nodes or other tissue biopsies, 18 peripheral bloods, 17 bone marrow aspirates, 7 body fluids, and 7 fine-needle aspiration biopsies of lymphoid tissue. The LSC proved to be a useful instrument capable of generating simultaneous two-color immunofluorescent data directly analogous to that obtained via conventional flow cytometry. However, Laser Scanning cytometric analysis provides advantages over flow cytometric analysis, because the LSC measures cells on a slide rather than in a fluid stream. Specifically, cells can be microscopically examined at any time--before, during, or after automated immunofluorescent analysis. In addition, specimen preparation techniques are less restricted and more cost efficient. Lastly, even extremely small and/or hypocellular specimens (such as body fluids and fine-needle aspiration biopsies) can be successfully analyzed.
Norbert Pfeifer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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applying terrestrial Laser Scanning for soil surface roughness assessment
Remote Sensing, 2015Co-Authors: Milutin Milenkovic, Norbert Pfeifer, Philipp GliraAbstract:Terrestrial Laser Scanning can provide high-resolution, two-dimensional sampling of soil surface roughness. While previous studies demonstrated the usefulness of these roughness measurements in geophysical applications, questions about the number of required scans and their resolution were not investigated thoroughly. Here, we suggest a method to generate digital elevation models, while preserving the surface’s stochastic properties at high frequencies and additionally providing an estimate of their spatial resolution. We also study the impact of the number and positions of scans on roughness indices’ estimates. An experiment over a smooth and isotropic soil plot accompanies the analysis, where Scanning results are compared to results from active triangulation. The roughness measurement conditions for ideal sampling are revisited and updated for diffraction-limited sampling valid for close-range Laser Scanning over smooth and isotropic soil roughness. Our results show that terrestrial Laser Scanning can be readily used for roughness assessment on scales larger than 5 cm, while for smaller scales, special processing is required to mitigate the effect of the Laser beam footprint. Interestingly, classical roughness parametrization (correlation length, root mean square height (RMSh)) was not sensitive to these effects. Furthermore, comparing the classical roughness parametrization between one- and four-scan setups shows that the one-scan data can replace the four-scan setup with a relative loss of accuracy below 1% for ranges up to 3 m and incidence angles no larger than 50°, while two opposite scans can replace it over the whole plot. The incidence angle limit for the spectral slope is even stronger and is 40°. These findings are valid for Scanning over smooth and isotropic soil roughness.
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opals a framework for airborne Laser Scanning data analysis
Computers Environment and Urban Systems, 2014Co-Authors: Norbert Pfeifer, Gottfried Mandlburger, Johannes Otepka, Wilfried KarelAbstract:Abstract A framework for Orientation and Processing of Airborne Laser Scanning point clouds, OPALS, is presented. It is designed to provide tools for all steps starting from full waveform decomposition, sensor calibration, quality control, and terrain model derivation, to vegetation and building modeling. The design rationales are discussed. The structure of the software framework enables the automatic and simultaneous building of command line executables, Python modules, and C++ classes from a single algorithm-centric repository. It makes extensive use of (industry-) standards as well as cross-platform libraries. The framework provides data handling, logging, and error handling. Random, high-performance run-time access to the originally acquired point cloud is provided by the OPALS data manager, allowing storage of billions of 3D-points and their additional attributes. As an example geo-referencing of Laser Scanning strips is presented.
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tree species classification based on full waveform airborne Laser Scanning data
2009Co-Authors: Markus Hollaus, Norbert Pfeifer, Werner Mücke, Bernhard Hofle, Wouter Dorigo, Wolfgang Wagner, C Bauerhansl, B RegnerAbstract:Airborne Laser Scanning is an evolving operational measurement technique for deriving forest parameters. The objective of the current study was to analyze the potential of full-waveform airborne Laser Scanning for tree species classification of a mixed woodland. The quantities used were the echo width, backscatter cross section, as well as the distribution of the echoes in vertical direction. Based on segmented tree crowns the mean backscatter cross section of all echoes above the 50 th height percentile was computed. Additionally, the canopy density, describing the ratio of the number of all echoes above the 50 th height percentile and the total number of echoes, was used for a knowledge-based classification of coniferous and deciduous trees. The achieved overall accuracy was 83%. Furthermore, the standard deviation of the echo widths per crown segment was applied for a separation of spruce and larch. An overall accuracy of the classified tree species red beech, larch and spruce of 75% was obtained. The presented results show that combining geometric information and backscattering properties of full-waveform airborne Laser Scanning data has a high potential for tree species classification.
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correction of Laser Scanning intensity data data and model driven approaches
Isprs Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2007Co-Authors: Bernhard Hofle, Norbert PfeiferAbstract:Abstract Most airborne and terrestrial Laser Scanning systems additionally record the received signal intensity for each measurement. Multiple studies show the potential of this intensity value for a great variety of applications (e.g. strip adjustment, forestry, glaciology), but also state problems if using the original recorded values. Three main factors, a) spherical loss, b) topographic and c) atmospheric effects, influence the backscatter of the emitted Laser power, which leads to a noticeably heterogeneous representation of the received power. This paper describes two different methods for correcting the Laser Scanning intensity data for these known influences resulting in a value proportional to the reflectance of the scanned surface. The first approach – data-driven correction – uses predefined homogeneous areas to empirically estimate the best parameters (least-squares adjustment) for a given global correction function accounting for all range-dependent influences. The second approach – model-driven correction – corrects each intensity independently based on the physical principle of radar systems. The evaluation of both methods, based on homogeneous reflecting areas acquired at different heights in different missions, indicates a clear reduction of intensity variation, to 1/3.5 of the original variation, and offsets between flight strips to 1/10. The presented correction methods establish a great potential for Laser Scanning intensity to be used for surface classification and multi-temporal analyses.
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Laser Scanning principles and applications
GeoSiberia 2007 - International Exhibition and Scientific Congress, 2007Co-Authors: Norbert Pfeifer, Christian BrieseAbstract:In this overview paper the principles of Laser Scanning systems are presented. This includes a survey of different range measurement principles as well as different mechanisms for the deflection of the emitted Laser beam. Furthermore, the usage of the Laser Scanning (LS) principle at different platforms (airborne (ALS), terrestrial (TLS), satellite) is discussed. Additionally, typical sensor parameters of currently commercially available sensor systems are presented. Furthermore, the technique of full-waveform LS is introduced and georeferencing of ALS data for improved precision is presented. The usage of LS data in different applications will be presented in an overview.
Richard J. Clatch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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simplified immunophenotypic analysis by Laser Scanning cytometry
Cytometry, 1998Co-Authors: Richard J. Clatch, James R. Foreman, Jami L WallochAbstract:Immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic specimens is a useful laboratory adjunct to surgical pathology and cytology to confirm or further characterize diagnoses of leukemia or lymphoma. Laser Scanning cytometry is a new laboratory technology that has been adapted to perform immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic specimens, with numerous advantages as compared with flow cytometry. In order to make full use of the Laser Scanning cytometer's capabilities, a new method of specimen preparation and means of performing the immunofluorescent reactions was developed. The technique described in this report, specific only to Laser Scanning cytometry, enables panels of up to 36 different antibodies to be used on specimens as small as 50,000 total cells. The laboratory methodology is simple, requires 85% less antibody than flow cytometric methods, and allows individual cell cytologic morphology to be correlated with objective physical and fluorescent measurements on a cell-by-cell basis. Other advantages are described in the text. Over the course of nine months in our community hospital, we have used this technique clinically to analyze 172 cases of suspected leukemia or lymphoma. The method has proven remarkably useful, particularly for extremely small specimens such as fine needle aspiration biopsies.
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Five-color immunophenotyping plus DNA content analysis by Laser Scanning cytometry
Communications in Clinical Cytometry, 1998Co-Authors: Richard J. Clatch, James R. ForemanAbstract:Laser Scanning cytometry is a new laboratory technology similar to flow cytometry but with advantages for certain clinical and research applications. To date, Laser Scanning cytometry has been successfully used to perform three-color immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic specimens, single-color immunophenotyping plus DNA content analysis of numerous specimen types, and automated analysis of fluorescence in situ hybridization specimens. Several other interesting applications are also in development. In general, advantages of Laser Scanning cytometry include reduced specimen size requirements, simplified methodologies, and the ability to microscopically examine individual cells-allowing for the direct correlation of cytologic morphology with objective fluorescence measurements. In this report, we describe a method which more fully takes advantage of the Laser Scanning cytometer's capabilities for immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic specimens. Specifically, we have devised a method to increase the number of fluorescent parameters from three to a total of six, five representing binding of immunofluorescent antibodies and one for stoichiometric measurements of DNA content. As with most Laser Scanning cytometric applications, this technique can be utilized on extremely small specimens and enables direct correlation of all of the measured fluorescent parameters with light microscopic cytologic morphology
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multiparameter analysis of dna content and cytokeratin expression in breast carcinoma by Laser Scanning cytometry
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 1997Co-Authors: Richard J. Clatch, James R. Foreman, Jami L Walloch, Louis A KamentskyAbstract:Objective The objective of this study was to test a new laboratory technology, Laser Scanning cytometry, for the purpose of performing multiparameter DNA content analysis of breast carcinomas. Design We developed a simplified method of multiparameter DNA content analysis using cytokeratin expression to positively gate epithelial cells. Over 300 consecutive cases of breast carcinoma were analyzed by multiparameter Laser Scanning cytometry. The first 73 cases were analyzed in parallel by single parameter flow cytometry. Setting The Department of Pathology, Christ Hospital and Medical Center, Oak Lawn, Ill. Specimens Three hundred eighteen consecutive cases of breast carcinoma presenting between March 1994 and December 1995. Main outcome measures Outcome measures included the percentage of cases for which DNA content analysis could be successfully performed given the limitations of specimen size. Additionally, for the first 73 cases, Laser Scanning cytometry results were compared with flow cytometry results. Results All of the first 73 cases were successfully analyzed by Laser Scanning cytometry, but for 8 cases (11%) there was insufficient material for flow cytometry. Correlation of DNA content for the remaining 65 cases analyzed in parallel by the two methods was nearly perfect (p = .994). Five seemingly discrepant cases highlighted the importance of cytokeratin gating of epithelial cells by any technique, as well as other advantages specific to Laser Scanning cytometry, such as the ability to examine individual cells microscopically and correlate cytologic morphology with DNA content results. Conclusions Laser Scanning cytometry is a promising new technology for DNA content analysis of solid tissue tumors. Further work needs to be performed to validate the prognostic potential of the Laser Scanning cytometric assay results and to generate methodologies aimed at providing highly objective determinations of tumor cell S-phase fraction.
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immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic malignancy by Laser Scanning cytometry
American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1996Co-Authors: Richard J. Clatch, Jami L Walloch, Mary M Zutter, Louis A KamentskyAbstract:The authors tested a newly-developed computerized Laser Scanning cytometer (LSC) as a means of performing immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic specimens within their community hospital. Results were compared on a case-by-case basis with parallel flow cytometric and immunohistochemical data. A total of 71 specimens analyzed include 22 excised lymph nodes or other tissue biopsies, 18 peripheral bloods, 17 bone marrow aspirates, 7 body fluids, and 7 fine-needle aspiration biopsies of lymphoid tissue. The LSC proved to be a useful instrument capable of generating simultaneous two-color immunofluorescent data directly analogous to that obtained via conventional flow cytometry. However, Laser Scanning cytometric analysis provides advantages over flow cytometric analysis, because the LSC measures cells on a slide rather than in a fluid stream. Specifically, cells can be microscopically examined at any time--before, during, or after automated immunofluorescent analysis. In addition, specimen preparation techniques are less restricted and more cost efficient. Lastly, even extremely small and/or hypocellular specimens (such as body fluids and fine-needle aspiration biopsies) can be successfully analyzed.
James R. Foreman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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simplified immunophenotypic analysis by Laser Scanning cytometry
Cytometry, 1998Co-Authors: Richard J. Clatch, James R. Foreman, Jami L WallochAbstract:Immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic specimens is a useful laboratory adjunct to surgical pathology and cytology to confirm or further characterize diagnoses of leukemia or lymphoma. Laser Scanning cytometry is a new laboratory technology that has been adapted to perform immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic specimens, with numerous advantages as compared with flow cytometry. In order to make full use of the Laser Scanning cytometer's capabilities, a new method of specimen preparation and means of performing the immunofluorescent reactions was developed. The technique described in this report, specific only to Laser Scanning cytometry, enables panels of up to 36 different antibodies to be used on specimens as small as 50,000 total cells. The laboratory methodology is simple, requires 85% less antibody than flow cytometric methods, and allows individual cell cytologic morphology to be correlated with objective physical and fluorescent measurements on a cell-by-cell basis. Other advantages are described in the text. Over the course of nine months in our community hospital, we have used this technique clinically to analyze 172 cases of suspected leukemia or lymphoma. The method has proven remarkably useful, particularly for extremely small specimens such as fine needle aspiration biopsies.
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Five-color immunophenotyping plus DNA content analysis by Laser Scanning cytometry
Communications in Clinical Cytometry, 1998Co-Authors: Richard J. Clatch, James R. ForemanAbstract:Laser Scanning cytometry is a new laboratory technology similar to flow cytometry but with advantages for certain clinical and research applications. To date, Laser Scanning cytometry has been successfully used to perform three-color immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic specimens, single-color immunophenotyping plus DNA content analysis of numerous specimen types, and automated analysis of fluorescence in situ hybridization specimens. Several other interesting applications are also in development. In general, advantages of Laser Scanning cytometry include reduced specimen size requirements, simplified methodologies, and the ability to microscopically examine individual cells-allowing for the direct correlation of cytologic morphology with objective fluorescence measurements. In this report, we describe a method which more fully takes advantage of the Laser Scanning cytometer's capabilities for immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic specimens. Specifically, we have devised a method to increase the number of fluorescent parameters from three to a total of six, five representing binding of immunofluorescent antibodies and one for stoichiometric measurements of DNA content. As with most Laser Scanning cytometric applications, this technique can be utilized on extremely small specimens and enables direct correlation of all of the measured fluorescent parameters with light microscopic cytologic morphology
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multiparameter analysis of dna content and cytokeratin expression in breast carcinoma by Laser Scanning cytometry
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 1997Co-Authors: Richard J. Clatch, James R. Foreman, Jami L Walloch, Louis A KamentskyAbstract:Objective The objective of this study was to test a new laboratory technology, Laser Scanning cytometry, for the purpose of performing multiparameter DNA content analysis of breast carcinomas. Design We developed a simplified method of multiparameter DNA content analysis using cytokeratin expression to positively gate epithelial cells. Over 300 consecutive cases of breast carcinoma were analyzed by multiparameter Laser Scanning cytometry. The first 73 cases were analyzed in parallel by single parameter flow cytometry. Setting The Department of Pathology, Christ Hospital and Medical Center, Oak Lawn, Ill. Specimens Three hundred eighteen consecutive cases of breast carcinoma presenting between March 1994 and December 1995. Main outcome measures Outcome measures included the percentage of cases for which DNA content analysis could be successfully performed given the limitations of specimen size. Additionally, for the first 73 cases, Laser Scanning cytometry results were compared with flow cytometry results. Results All of the first 73 cases were successfully analyzed by Laser Scanning cytometry, but for 8 cases (11%) there was insufficient material for flow cytometry. Correlation of DNA content for the remaining 65 cases analyzed in parallel by the two methods was nearly perfect (p = .994). Five seemingly discrepant cases highlighted the importance of cytokeratin gating of epithelial cells by any technique, as well as other advantages specific to Laser Scanning cytometry, such as the ability to examine individual cells microscopically and correlate cytologic morphology with DNA content results. Conclusions Laser Scanning cytometry is a promising new technology for DNA content analysis of solid tissue tumors. Further work needs to be performed to validate the prognostic potential of the Laser Scanning cytometric assay results and to generate methodologies aimed at providing highly objective determinations of tumor cell S-phase fraction.
G Vosselman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mapping curbstones in airborne and mobile Laser Scanning data
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2012Co-Authors: Liang Zhou, G VosselmanAbstract:Abstract The high point densities obtained by today's Laser Scanning systems enable the extraction of various features which are traditionally mapped by photogrammetry or land surveying. While significant progress has been made in the extraction of buildings and trees from dense point clouds, little research has been performed on the extraction of roads. In this paper it is analysed to what extent road sides can be mapped in point clouds of high point density. In urban areas curbstones are often used to separate the road surface from the adjacent pavement. These curbstones are mapped in a three step procedure. First, the locations with small height jumps near the terrain surface are detected. Second, midpoints of high and low points on either side of the height jump are generated, put in a sequence to obtain a polygonal chain describing the approximate curbstone location. A sigmoidal function is then fitted to all points near the polygonal chain to increase the accuracy. Third, small gaps between nearby and collinear line segments are closed. GPS measurements were taken to analyse the performance of the road side detection. The analysis showed that the completeness in airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data varying between 53% and 92% is higher than that in mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) data ranging from 54% to 83%, depending on the amount of parked cars occluding the curbstones. The RMS value in the comparison with the GPS points measured from ground survey was 0.11 m in ALS data and 0.06 m in MLS data, respectively.
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airborne and terrestrial Laser Scanning
2010Co-Authors: G Vosselman, Hansgerd MaasAbstract:Whittles Publishing is delighted to announce that Airborne and Terrestrial Laser Scanning has been awarded the Karl Kraus Medal by the ISPRS with the presentation being made on 31st August at the XXII Congress in Melbourne. We are also very pleased for all the authors who have contributed to the book and especially to George Vosselman and Hans-Gerd Maas for their commitment and expertise which has resulted in such an acclaimed and highly successful book. It is gratifying that our growing list of geomatics titles continues to receive recognition and we are endeavouring to create more books that will be equally well-received and useful. Written by a team of international experts, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the major applications of airborne and terrestrial Laser Scanning. The book focuses on principles and methods and presents an integrated treatment of airborne and terrestrial Laser Scanning technology. Laser Scanning is a relatively young 3D measurement technique offering much potential in the acquisition of precise and reliable 3D geodata and object geometries. However, there are many terrestrial and airborne scanners on the market, accompanied by numerous software packages that handle data acquisition, processing and visualization, yet existing knowledge is fragmented over a wide variety of publications, whether printed or electronic. This book brings together the various facets of the subject in a coherent text that will be relevant for advanced students, academics and practitioners. After consideration of the technology and processing methods, the book turns to applications. The primary use thus far has been the extraction of digital terrain models from airborne Laser Scanning data, but many other applications are considered including engineering, forestry, cultural heritage, extraction of 3D building models and mobile mapping.
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the utilisation of airborne Laser Scanning for mapping
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2005Co-Authors: G Vosselman, Patrice Kessels, B G H GorteAbstract:Laser Scanning has become the standard technique for the acquisition of digital elevation models. With the increasing point densities point clouds acquired by Laser Scanning have the potential to also become valuable data for the production of three-dimensional topographical databases. This paper discusses the possibilities to use airborne Laser Scanning for two tasks: change detection and semi-automated 3D mapping of urban environments. While Laser Scanning is demonstrated to be useful for detecting changes as well as mapping errors, the implementation of mapping rules to avoid false alarm errors needs to be improved. The creation of 3D city models with Laser altimetry data in a semi-automated way is considered efficient. A higher level of automation seems to be feasible to further improve the efficiency of three-dimensional mapping.
