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Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Short communication The eYcacy of two entomopathogenic biocontrol agents against adult Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)
    2020
    Co-Authors: Julie P. North, Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson
    Abstract:

    The eYcacy of the two entomopathogenic biocontrol agents, Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and Lecanicillium muscarium (Petch), against juvenile Thrips palmi Karny in the laboratory situation is well documented. This study investigated the extrapolation of this knowledge to the control of adult stages. S. feltiae caused signiWcantly higher mortality to juvenile T. palmi than to adult stages, whereas L. muscarium had a more signiWcant impact on adult stages. The potential to develop an IPM strategy to control T. palmi utilising the two entomopathogens is discussed.

  • toxicological and biochemical basis of synergism between the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium and the insecticide matrine against bemisia tabaci gennadius
    Scientific Reports, 2017
    Co-Authors: Can Zhang, Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, Zeqing Wang, Xingmin Wang, Jianhui Wu, Zhenfang Shao
    Abstract:

    The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) was challenged with different combinations of matrine (insecticide) and Lecanicillium muscarium (entomopathogenic fungus). Our results revealed a synergistic relationship between matrine and L. muscarium on mortality and enzyme activities of B. tabaci. To illustrate the biochemical mechanisms involved in detoxification and immune responses of B. tabaci against both control agents, activities of different detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes were quantified. After combined application of matrine and L. muscarium, activities of carboxylestrease (CarE), glutathione-s-transferase (GSTs) and chitinase (CHI) decreased during the initial infection period. Acetylcholinestrase (AChE) activities increased during the entire experimental period, whereas those of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) decreased during the later infection period. The increased mortality and suppression of enzymatic response of B. tabaci following matrine and L. muscarium application suggests a strong synergistic effect between both agents. The strong synergistic effect is possibly related to the disturbance of acetylcholine balance and changes in AchE activities of the whitefly as both matrine and L. muscarium target insect acetylcholine (Ach) receptors which in turn effects AchE production. Therefore, our results have revealed the complex biochemical processes involved in the synergistic action of matrine and L. muscarium against B. tabaci.

  • Eradicating Bemisia tabaci Q biotype on poinsettia plants in the UK.
    Crop Protection, 2012
    Co-Authors: Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, L. F. Blackburn, J.h. Buxton, James J. Mathers, K.a. Robinson, Michelle E. Powell, D.a. Fleming, Howard A. Bell
    Abstract:

    Abstract The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) continues to be a serious threat to crops worldwide. The UK holds Protected Zone status against this pest and, as a result, B. tabaci entering on plant material is subjected to a policy of eradication. Q biotype (Mediterranean species) is the predominant whitefly now being intercepted entering the UK. With increasing reports of neonicotinoid resistance in this biotype, it is becoming more problematic to control/eradicate. The current study evaluated sequential insecticide applications of a range of chemicals and two entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium , applied within the first 21 days after potting poinsettia cuttings. All sequential treatment programmes tested eradicated Q biotype from poinsettia plants. The efficacy of chemicals and fungi against various Q biotype life-stages was also evaluated as individual treatments. Against the egg stage, abamectin (Dynamec), acetamiprid (Gazelle), refined petroleum spraying oil (Tri-Tek) and the physically acting product SB-Plant Invigorator all proved excellent. None of the products gave total control of second instar larvae. However, Agri-50E, B. bassiana , Tri-Tek and SB-Plant Invigorator all gave over 71% mortality. For adult control, B. bassiana and the oil based products (Addit, Tri-Tek and Spraying Oil) all produced 100% mortality. The work also demonstrated that B. bassiana offers better control of B. tabaci than L. muscarium. Investigating direct tank-mixing of the fungi with the chemical products proved that Majestic (physically acting product), spiromesifen (Oberon), Savona (physically acting product) and SB-Plant Invigorator significantly reduced germination of B . bassiana spores and so could not be recommended as mixes. Tri-Tek Oil, Spraying Oil, Addit, Dynamec and Gazelle showed best potential to be used as tank-mixes with over 90% B. bassiana spore germination following exposure to the test products for 24 h. A direct tank mix of L. muscarium with Tri-Tek allowed full fungal spore germination. The implications of the work in regards to continued protection of the UK horticultural industry from B. tabaci and overcoming insecticide resistance among biotypes are discussed.

  • bemisia tabaci the current situation in the uk and the prospect of developing strategies for eradication using entomopathogens
    Insect Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, L. F. Blackburn, R. J. C. Cannon, Dominic Eyre, Judith Miller, P Northing
    Abstract:

    The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodi- dae) remains a serious threat to crops worldwide. The damaging B-biotype is of specific economic concern because it is an effective vector of over 111 viruses from several fam- ilies, particularly geminiviruses. Bemisia tabaci is regularly intercepted on plants coming into the UK where it is subjected to a policy of eradication. The UK maintains Protective Zone status against this pest. A main pathway of entry of B. tabaci into the Protected Zone involves propagating material, especially Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima). With increased insecticide resistance continuously being recorded, B. tabaci is becoming more difficult to control/eradicate. Recent research involving both entomopathogenic nema- todes and fungi is showing much potential for the development of control programs for this pest. Both the nematode Steinernema feltiae and the fungus Lecanicillium muscarium have been shown to be most effective against second instar B. tabaci. Fine-tuning of the environmental conditions required has also increased their efficacy. The entomopathogens have also shown a high level of compatibility with chemical insecticides, all increasing their potential to be incorporated into control strategies against B. tabaci.

  • Chemical compatibility testing of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium to control Bemisia tabaci in glasshouse environment
    International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, Phil Northing, L. F. Blackburn, R. J. C. Cannon, Keith F. A. Walters
    Abstract:

    The potential for using the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium to control the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci has been well established in previous studies under both laboratory and glasshouse conditions. In the current study, five chemicals were assessed for their compatibility with L. muscarium for control of B. tabaci under glasshouse conditions. On treatments following the sequential application of chemical product and fungus high mortality of second instar larvae was obtained (the known most susceptible B. tabaci life-stage to fungal infection). Sequential treatment of Savona and Certis spraying oil with L. muscarium produced 95 % and 96 % larval mortality, respectively. Commercially, unacceptable poinsettia foliage damage was recorded seven days post application of Agri-50E. Other plant foliage may prove more tolerant to this product. Incorporation of these chemicals with L. muscarium into integrated control programmes for B. tabaci control in glasshouses is discussed. Further information has been added to the knowledge base for the combined use of chemicals and fungi for the control of B. tabaci .

Keith F. A. Walters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chemical compatibility testing of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium to control Bemisia tabaci in glasshouse environment
    International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, Phil Northing, L. F. Blackburn, R. J. C. Cannon, Keith F. A. Walters
    Abstract:

    The potential for using the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium to control the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci has been well established in previous studies under both laboratory and glasshouse conditions. In the current study, five chemicals were assessed for their compatibility with L. muscarium for control of B. tabaci under glasshouse conditions. On treatments following the sequential application of chemical product and fungus high mortality of second instar larvae was obtained (the known most susceptible B. tabaci life-stage to fungal infection). Sequential treatment of Savona and Certis spraying oil with L. muscarium produced 95 % and 96 % larval mortality, respectively. Commercially, unacceptable poinsettia foliage damage was recorded seven days post application of Agri-50E. Other plant foliage may prove more tolerant to this product. Incorporation of these chemicals with L. muscarium into integrated control programmes for B. tabaci control in glasshouses is discussed. Further information has been added to the knowledge base for the combined use of chemicals and fungi for the control of B. tabaci .

  • further compatibility tests of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium with conventional insecticide products for control of sweetpotato whitefly bemisia tabaci on poinsettia plants
    Insect Science, 2008
    Co-Authors: Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, Phil Northing, L. F. Blackburn, R. J. C. Cannon, Keith F. A. Walters
    Abstract:

    The effect on spore germination of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium following direct exposure for 24 h to the insecticides Majestik, Spray Oil, Agri-50E, Savona and Oberon for the control of both egg and second instar stages of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, was determined. Exposure to both Agri-50E and Oberon was followed by acceptable spore germination. Infectivity rates of L. muscarium on poinsettia foliage in the presence of dry residues of the insecticides were also investigated. No significant detrimental effects on the levels of control of B. tabaci were recorded compared with fungus applied to residue-free foliage. Sequential application of the chemicals Savona, Spray Oil and Majestik with the fungus all produced mortalities of second instar B. tabaci above 90%. Incorporation of these chemicals with L. muscarium into integrated control programs for B. tabaci is discussed.

  • The efficacy of two entomopathogenic biocontrol agents against adult Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera:Thripidae).
    Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Julie P. North, Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, Keith F. A. Walters
    Abstract:

    The efficacy of the two entomopathogenic biocontrol agents, Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and Lecanicillium muscarium (Petch), against juvenile Thrips palmi Karny in the laboratory situation is well documented. This study investigated the extrapolation of this knowledge to the control of adult stages. S. feltiae caused significantly higher mortality to juvenile T. palmi than to adult stages, whereas L. muscarium had a more significant impact on adult stages. The potential to develop an IPM strategy to control T. palmi utilising the two entomopathogens is discussed.

  • Pathogenicity of the Entomopathogenic Fungus, Lecanicillium muscarium, against the Sweetpotato Whitefly Bemisia tabaci under Laboratory and Glasshouse Conditions
    Mycopathologia, 2005
    Co-Authors: Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, Keith F. A. Walters
    Abstract:

    The potential for using the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium to control the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci has been established in the laboratory by other studies. Laboratory studies however frequently overestimate the level of control achieved by biological control agents in the glasshouse. Before full-scale commercial or field development is considered, glasshouse trials are required to confirm laboratory results. Under both controlled laboratory and glasshouse conditions high mortality of second instar B. tabaci was recorded after application of L. muscarium . The potential of incorporating L. muscarium into integrated pest management strategies for the control of B. tabaci is discussed.

  • Note: Extrapolating the use of an entomopathogenic nematode and fungus as control agents forFrankliniella occidentalis toThrips palmi
    Phytoparasitica, 2005
    Co-Authors: Richard M. Smith, Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, Keith F. A. Walters
    Abstract:

    Little is known regarding non-chemical control measures against Thrips palmi Karny. Since entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes have been found to be active against thrips species such as Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, comparative bioassays were conducted to determine the extent to which they also show activity against T. palmi . Significant mortality of the larvae of the species was recorded following treatment with Lecanicillium muscarium (Petch) Zare and Gams, and addition of the wetting agent Agral enhanced pathogenicity to T. palmi. T. palmi pupae were not affected by S. feltiae . The potential for use of these agents against T. palmi in the field is discussed in the light of these results.

Jacqueline Aparecida Takahashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Selective activity of Mucor plumbeus reductase towards (−)-camphorquinone
    Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Giovanni Gontijo Souza, Cleber Paulo Andrada Anconi, Sjef Cornelissen, Wagner Batista Almeida, Hélio Ferreira Dos Santos, Isabel Cristina Pereira Fortes, Jacqueline Aparecida Takahashi
    Abstract:

    The biotransformation of 1 R -(−)-camphorquinone, achieved by growing cells of four fungi species isolated from soil ( Mucor plumbeus, Lecanicillium muscarium, Thamnostylum sp. and Syncephalastrum racemosum ), was investigated in optimized culture media for each species. Fungi were grown aerobically under shaking and their activities with respect to camphorquinone were monitored for 20 days by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS). Camphorquinone was found to be stable in control flasks throughout the experiment. The most interesting results were found for M. plumbeus , which was only able to perform monoreduction of camphorquinone when cultivated on a glucose–peptone–yeast extract medium. Large-scale experiments were set up and the camphorquinone biotransformation products formed by M. plumbeus were purified by column chromatography and identified by ^1H and ^13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Theoretical calculations were employed as a complementary technique to unambiguously identify the biotransformation products. These findings suggest that M. plumbeus could be of great use for the selective reduction of camphorquinone and related compounds.

  • Selective activity of Mucor plumbeus reductase towards (-)-camphorquinone.
    Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Giovanni Gontijo Souza, Cleber Paulo Andrada Anconi, Sjef Cornelissen, Wagner Batista Almeida, Hélio Ferreira Dos Santos, Isabel Cristina Pereira Fortes, Jacqueline Aparecida Takahashi
    Abstract:

    The biotransformation of 1R-(−)-camphorquinone, achieved by growing cells of four fungi species isolated from soil (Mucor plumbeus, Lecanicillium muscarium, Thamnostylum sp. and Syncephalastrum racemosum), was investigated in optimized culture media for each species. Fungi were grown aerobically under shaking and their activities with respect to camphorquinone were monitored for 20 days by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS). Camphorquinone was found to be stable in control flasks throughout the experiment. The most interesting results were found for M. plumbeus, which was only able to perform monoreduction of camphorquinone when cultivated on a glucose–peptone–yeast extract medium. Large-scale experiments were set up and the camphorquinone biotransformation products formed by M. plumbeus were purified by column chromatography and identified by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Theoretical calculations were employed as a complementary technique to unambiguously identify the biotransformation products. These findings suggest that M. plumbeus could be of great use for the selective reduction of camphorquinone and related compounds.

L. F. Blackburn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Eradicating Bemisia tabaci Q biotype on poinsettia plants in the UK.
    Crop Protection, 2012
    Co-Authors: Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, L. F. Blackburn, J.h. Buxton, James J. Mathers, K.a. Robinson, Michelle E. Powell, D.a. Fleming, Howard A. Bell
    Abstract:

    Abstract The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) continues to be a serious threat to crops worldwide. The UK holds Protected Zone status against this pest and, as a result, B. tabaci entering on plant material is subjected to a policy of eradication. Q biotype (Mediterranean species) is the predominant whitefly now being intercepted entering the UK. With increasing reports of neonicotinoid resistance in this biotype, it is becoming more problematic to control/eradicate. The current study evaluated sequential insecticide applications of a range of chemicals and two entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium , applied within the first 21 days after potting poinsettia cuttings. All sequential treatment programmes tested eradicated Q biotype from poinsettia plants. The efficacy of chemicals and fungi against various Q biotype life-stages was also evaluated as individual treatments. Against the egg stage, abamectin (Dynamec), acetamiprid (Gazelle), refined petroleum spraying oil (Tri-Tek) and the physically acting product SB-Plant Invigorator all proved excellent. None of the products gave total control of second instar larvae. However, Agri-50E, B. bassiana , Tri-Tek and SB-Plant Invigorator all gave over 71% mortality. For adult control, B. bassiana and the oil based products (Addit, Tri-Tek and Spraying Oil) all produced 100% mortality. The work also demonstrated that B. bassiana offers better control of B. tabaci than L. muscarium. Investigating direct tank-mixing of the fungi with the chemical products proved that Majestic (physically acting product), spiromesifen (Oberon), Savona (physically acting product) and SB-Plant Invigorator significantly reduced germination of B . bassiana spores and so could not be recommended as mixes. Tri-Tek Oil, Spraying Oil, Addit, Dynamec and Gazelle showed best potential to be used as tank-mixes with over 90% B. bassiana spore germination following exposure to the test products for 24 h. A direct tank mix of L. muscarium with Tri-Tek allowed full fungal spore germination. The implications of the work in regards to continued protection of the UK horticultural industry from B. tabaci and overcoming insecticide resistance among biotypes are discussed.

  • bemisia tabaci the current situation in the uk and the prospect of developing strategies for eradication using entomopathogens
    Insect Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, L. F. Blackburn, R. J. C. Cannon, Dominic Eyre, Judith Miller, P Northing
    Abstract:

    The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodi- dae) remains a serious threat to crops worldwide. The damaging B-biotype is of specific economic concern because it is an effective vector of over 111 viruses from several fam- ilies, particularly geminiviruses. Bemisia tabaci is regularly intercepted on plants coming into the UK where it is subjected to a policy of eradication. The UK maintains Protective Zone status against this pest. A main pathway of entry of B. tabaci into the Protected Zone involves propagating material, especially Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima). With increased insecticide resistance continuously being recorded, B. tabaci is becoming more difficult to control/eradicate. Recent research involving both entomopathogenic nema- todes and fungi is showing much potential for the development of control programs for this pest. Both the nematode Steinernema feltiae and the fungus Lecanicillium muscarium have been shown to be most effective against second instar B. tabaci. Fine-tuning of the environmental conditions required has also increased their efficacy. The entomopathogens have also shown a high level of compatibility with chemical insecticides, all increasing their potential to be incorporated into control strategies against B. tabaci.

  • Chemical compatibility testing of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium to control Bemisia tabaci in glasshouse environment
    International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, Phil Northing, L. F. Blackburn, R. J. C. Cannon, Keith F. A. Walters
    Abstract:

    The potential for using the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium to control the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci has been well established in previous studies under both laboratory and glasshouse conditions. In the current study, five chemicals were assessed for their compatibility with L. muscarium for control of B. tabaci under glasshouse conditions. On treatments following the sequential application of chemical product and fungus high mortality of second instar larvae was obtained (the known most susceptible B. tabaci life-stage to fungal infection). Sequential treatment of Savona and Certis spraying oil with L. muscarium produced 95 % and 96 % larval mortality, respectively. Commercially, unacceptable poinsettia foliage damage was recorded seven days post application of Agri-50E. Other plant foliage may prove more tolerant to this product. Incorporation of these chemicals with L. muscarium into integrated control programmes for B. tabaci control in glasshouses is discussed. Further information has been added to the knowledge base for the combined use of chemicals and fungi for the control of B. tabaci .

  • further compatibility tests of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium with conventional insecticide products for control of sweetpotato whitefly bemisia tabaci on poinsettia plants
    Insect Science, 2008
    Co-Authors: Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, Phil Northing, L. F. Blackburn, R. J. C. Cannon, Keith F. A. Walters
    Abstract:

    The effect on spore germination of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium following direct exposure for 24 h to the insecticides Majestik, Spray Oil, Agri-50E, Savona and Oberon for the control of both egg and second instar stages of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, was determined. Exposure to both Agri-50E and Oberon was followed by acceptable spore germination. Infectivity rates of L. muscarium on poinsettia foliage in the presence of dry residues of the insecticides were also investigated. No significant detrimental effects on the levels of control of B. tabaci were recorded compared with fungus applied to residue-free foliage. Sequential application of the chemicals Savona, Spray Oil and Majestik with the fungus all produced mortalities of second instar B. tabaci above 90%. Incorporation of these chemicals with L. muscarium into integrated control programs for B. tabaci is discussed.

Giovanni Gontijo Souza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Selective activity of Mucor plumbeus reductase towards (−)-camphorquinone
    Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Giovanni Gontijo Souza, Cleber Paulo Andrada Anconi, Sjef Cornelissen, Wagner Batista Almeida, Hélio Ferreira Dos Santos, Isabel Cristina Pereira Fortes, Jacqueline Aparecida Takahashi
    Abstract:

    The biotransformation of 1 R -(−)-camphorquinone, achieved by growing cells of four fungi species isolated from soil ( Mucor plumbeus, Lecanicillium muscarium, Thamnostylum sp. and Syncephalastrum racemosum ), was investigated in optimized culture media for each species. Fungi were grown aerobically under shaking and their activities with respect to camphorquinone were monitored for 20 days by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS). Camphorquinone was found to be stable in control flasks throughout the experiment. The most interesting results were found for M. plumbeus , which was only able to perform monoreduction of camphorquinone when cultivated on a glucose–peptone–yeast extract medium. Large-scale experiments were set up and the camphorquinone biotransformation products formed by M. plumbeus were purified by column chromatography and identified by ^1H and ^13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Theoretical calculations were employed as a complementary technique to unambiguously identify the biotransformation products. These findings suggest that M. plumbeus could be of great use for the selective reduction of camphorquinone and related compounds.

  • Selective activity of Mucor plumbeus reductase towards (-)-camphorquinone.
    Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Giovanni Gontijo Souza, Cleber Paulo Andrada Anconi, Sjef Cornelissen, Wagner Batista Almeida, Hélio Ferreira Dos Santos, Isabel Cristina Pereira Fortes, Jacqueline Aparecida Takahashi
    Abstract:

    The biotransformation of 1R-(−)-camphorquinone, achieved by growing cells of four fungi species isolated from soil (Mucor plumbeus, Lecanicillium muscarium, Thamnostylum sp. and Syncephalastrum racemosum), was investigated in optimized culture media for each species. Fungi were grown aerobically under shaking and their activities with respect to camphorquinone were monitored for 20 days by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS). Camphorquinone was found to be stable in control flasks throughout the experiment. The most interesting results were found for M. plumbeus, which was only able to perform monoreduction of camphorquinone when cultivated on a glucose–peptone–yeast extract medium. Large-scale experiments were set up and the camphorquinone biotransformation products formed by M. plumbeus were purified by column chromatography and identified by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Theoretical calculations were employed as a complementary technique to unambiguously identify the biotransformation products. These findings suggest that M. plumbeus could be of great use for the selective reduction of camphorquinone and related compounds.