The Experts below are selected from a list of 345 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

James C.h. Goh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and fascia wrap application to anterior cruciate Ligament Tissue Engineering.
    Cell Transplantation, 2017
    Co-Authors: James C.h. Goh, Eng Hin Lee
    Abstract:

    After an anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury, surgical reconstructions are necessary in most cases, either with autografts, allografts, or artificial Ligaments. Potential Tissue-engineered Ligaments would circumvent the disadvantages apparent in these methods. While seeding of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fascia wrap could potentially improve Tissue regeneration and mechanical properties, their exact roles were evaluated in the current study. Knitted biodegradable scaffolds of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and poly-glycolic-lactic acid (PGLA) yarns were used to reconstruct ACL in 48 rabbits. These were divided into four equal groups: only knitted scaffolds were used in group I; knitted scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells were used in group II; knitted scaffolds, MSCs, and fascia lata were used in group III; knitted scaffolds and fascia lata were used in group IV. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA)-labeled MSCs were used to trace the fate of seeded cells in groups II and III. Histology, Western blot analysis, and mechanical properties of reconstructed ACL were analyzed after 20 weeks. Fibroblast ingrowths were seen in all four groups while CFDA-labeled MSCs could be found after 8 weeks of implantation in groups II and III. Both the amount of collagen type I and collagen type III in groups III and IV were significantly higher than in group II, which was much higher than in group I. Both maximal tensile loads and stiffness of the reconstructed ACLs in groups I, II, III, and IV were significantly lower than normal controls after 20 weeks of implantation. It is concluded that MSCs could promote synthesis of collagen type I and collagen type III in Tissue-engineered Ligaments, while fascia wraps have stronger effects. Both MSC seeding and fascia wrap could not enhance ultimate tensile load and stiffness.

  • 6 12 Tissue Engineering approaches to regeneration of anterior cruciate Ligament
    Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering#R##N#Comprehensive Biomaterials II, 2017
    Co-Authors: Thomas K.h. Teh, James C.h. Goh
    Abstract:

    Ligament Tissue Engineering has achieved much progress in recent years and many potential Tissue-engineered Ligaments used for Ligament regeneration have been reported. The success of Ligament regeneration procedure depends on three major factors: implant characteristics (including scaffolds, cells, and signaling molecules), surgical procedure, and postsurgery rehabilitation. The major challenges include complex mechanical stress faced by Tissue-engineered anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL), harsh environment, and poor blood supply after ACL ruptures. As Tissue-engineered Ligaments combine three dominant components, that is, scaffolds, cells, and signaling molecules, we will discuss ACL anatomy, current challenges in Tissue repair, biomaterials and scaffold design, cell sources, bioreactors, and delivery of growth factors, as well as animal models in Ligament Tissue Engineering. With greater research intensity and better understanding, a suitable substitute for Ligament regeneration can be developed for clinical application.

  • Controlled Bioactive Molecules Delivery Strategies for Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering using Polymeric Nanofibers
    Current pharmaceutical design, 2015
    Co-Authors: Thomas K.h. Teh, James C.h. Goh, Siew Lok Toh
    Abstract:

    The interest in polymeric nanofibers has escalated over the past decade given its promise as Tissue Engineering scaffolds that can mimic the nanoscale structure of the native extracellular matrix. With functionalization of the polymeric nanofibers using bioactive molecules, localized signaling moieties can be established for the attached cells, to stimulate desired biological effects and direct cellular or Tissue response. The inherently high surface area per unit mass of polymeric nanofibers can enhance cell adhesion, bioactive molecules loading and release efficiencies, and mass transfer properties. In this review article, the application of polymeric nanofibers for controlled bioactive molecules delivery will be discussed, with a focus on tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering. Various polymeric materials of different mechanical and degradation properties will be presented along with the nanofiber fabrication techniques explored. The bioactive molecules of interest for tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering, including growth factors and small molecules, will also be reviewed and compared in terms of their nanofiber incorporation strategies and release profiles. This article will also highlight and compare various innovative strategies to control the release of bioactive molecules spatiotemporally and explore an emerging Tissue Engineering strategy involving controlled multiple bioactive molecules sequential release. Finally, the review article concludes with challenges and future trends in the innovation and development of bioactive molecules delivery using polymeric nanofibers for tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering.

  • Characterization of knitted polymeric scaffolds for potential use in Ligament Tissue Engineering.
    Journal of Biomaterials Science-polymer Edition, 2012
    Co-Authors: James C.h. Goh, L. Wang, E. P. S. Tan, Eng Hin Lee
    Abstract:

    Different scaffolds have been designed for Ligament Tissue Engineering. Knitted scaffolds of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) yarns and co-polymeric yarns of PLLA and poly(glycolic acid) (PLGA) were characterized in the current study. The knitted scaffolds were immersed in medium for 20 weeks, before mass loss, molecular weight, pH value change in medium were tested; changes in mechanical properties were evaluated at different time points. Results showed that the knitted scaffolds had 44% porosity. There was no significant pH value change during degradation, while there was obvious mass loss at initial 4 week, as well as smooth molecular weight drop of PLLA. PLGA degraded more quickly, while PLLA kept its integrity for at least 20 weeks. Young's modulus increased while tensile strength and strain at break decreased with degradation time; however, all of them could maintain the basic requirements for ACL reconstruction. It showed that the knitted polymeric structures could serve as potential scaffolds for Tissue-...

  • bioactive nanofibers for fibroblastic differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells for Ligament tendon Tissue Engineering applications
    Differentiation, 2010
    Co-Authors: Sambit Sahoo, James C.h. Goh, Lay Teng Ang, Siew Lok Toh
    Abstract:

    Mesenchymal stem cells and precursor cells are ideal candidates for tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering; however, for the stem cell-based approach to succeed, these cells would be required to proliferate and differentiate into tendon/Ligament fibroblasts on the Tissue Engineering scaffold. Among the various fiber-based scaffolds that have been used in tendon/Ligament Tissue Engineering, hybrid fibrous scaffolds comprising both microfibers and nanofibers have been recently shown to be particularly promising. With the nanofibrous coating presenting a biomimetic surface, the scaffolds can also potentially mimic the natural extracellular matrix in function by acting as a depot for sustained release of growth factors. In this study, we demonstrate that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) could be successfully incorporated, randomly dispersed within blend-electrospun nanofibers and released in a bioactive form over 1 week. The released bioactive bFGF activated tyrosine phosphorylation signaling within seeded BMSCs. The bFGF-releasing nanofibrous scaffolds facilitated BMSC proliferation, upregulated gene expression of tendon/Ligament-specific ECM proteins, increased production and deposition of collagen and tenascin-C, reduced multipotency of the BMSCs and induced tendon/Ligament-like fibroblastic differentiation, indicating their potential in tendon/Ligament Tissue Engineering applications.

Xiong Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • characterization of bone marrow and wharton s jelly mesenchymal stromal cells response on multilayer braided silk and silk plcl scaffolds for Ligament Tissue Engineering
    Polymers, 2020
    Co-Authors: Xing Liu, Natalia De Isla, Xiong Wang, Ghislaine Cauchois, Yun Chen, Adrien Baldit, Emilie De Brosses, Frederic Velard, Cédric Laurent
    Abstract:

    (1) Background: A suitable scaffold with adapted mechanical and biological properties for Ligament Tissue Engineering is still missing. (2) Methods: Different scaffold configurations were characterized in terms of morphology and a mechanical response, and their interactions with two types of stem cells (Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs)) were assessed. The scaffold configurations consisted of multilayer braids with various number of silk layers (n = 1, 2, 3), and a novel composite scaffold made of a layer of copoly(lactic acid-co-(e-caprolactone)) (PLCL) embedded between two layers of silk. (3) Results: The insertion of a PLCL layer resulted in a higher porosity and better mechanical behavior compared with pure silk scaffold. The metabolic activities of both WJ-MSCs and BM-MSCs increased from day 1 to day 7 except for the three-layer silk scaffold (S3), probably due to its lower porosity. Collagen I (Col I), collagen III (Col III) and tenascin-c (TNC) were expressed by both MSCs on all scaffolds, and expression of Col I was higher than Col III and TNC. (4) Conclusions: the silk/PLCL composite scaffolds constituted the most suitable tested configuration to support MSCs migration, proliferation and Tissue synthesis towards Ligament Tissue Engineering.

  • mesenchymal stem cell interacted with plcl braided scaffold coated with poly l lysine hyaluronic acid for Ligament Tissue Engineering
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2018
    Co-Authors: Xing Liu, Xiong Wang, Cédric Laurent, Laurie Targa, Ghislaine Cauchois, Yun Chen, Natalia De Isla
    Abstract:

    The challenge of finding an adapted scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering remains unsolved after years of researches. A technology to fabricate a multilayer braided scaffold with flexible and elastic poly (l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL 85/15) has been recently pioneered by our team. In this study, polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEM) with poly-l-lysine (PLL)/ hyaluronic acid (HA) were deposited on this scaffold. After PEM modification, polygonal (PLL) and particle-like (HA) structures were present on the braided scaffold with no significant variation of fibers Young's modulus. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) showed good metabolic activity on scaffolds. They presented a spindled shape along the fiber longitudinal direction, and crossed the fibers to form cell bridges. Collagen type I, collagen type III, and tenascin-C secreted by MSCs were detected on day 14. Moreover, one-layer modified scaffold presented increased chemotaxis. As a conclusion, our results indicate that this braided PLCL scaffold with one-layer PEM modification shows inspiring potential with satisfying mechanical properties and biocompatibility. It opens new perspectives to incorporate growth factors within PEM-modified braided PLCL scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering and to recruit endogenous cells after implantation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3042-3052, 2018.

  • Defining a scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering: What has been done, and what still needs to be done
    Journal of Cellular Immunotherapy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Cédric Laurent, Natalia De Isla, Xiong Wang, Xing Liu, Rachid Rahouadj
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tissue Engineering is a promising alternative to current surgical methods for Ligament repair. However, despite a large variety of reported scaffolds for Ligament, Tissue-engineered solutions struggle to reach the clinics. The issue of proposing a scaffold meeting the key requirements for Ligament Tissue Engineering is still largely open. In this article, a brief up-to-date review is proposed concerning what has been done and what still needs to be done in order to propose a suitable scaffold structure and material for Ligament Tissue Engineering. A particularly focus is made on the selection of and structures, biomaterials and their functionalization, on the characterization of the initial and evolutive scaffold properties, and on the challenge of anchoring it within bone tunnels. The interest of computational approaches in the definition of suited scaffolds is also presented. We thus propose to list the remaining steps that should permit in the forthcoming years to propose a bioactive composite bone-Ligament-bone scaffold to regenerate Ligaments.

  • Mechanical properties evolution of a PLGA-PLCL composite scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering under static and cyclic traction-torsion in vitro culture conditions
    Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition, 2013
    Co-Authors: Cyril Kahn, Natalia De Isla, Nguyen Tran, Kahina Ziani, Jerome Babin, Ye Min Zang, Jian Liu, Jean-luc Six, Xiong Wang
    Abstract:

    This study aims to investigate the in vitro degradation of a poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(L-lactic-co-ɛ-caprolactone) (PLGA-PLCL) composite scaffold’s mechanical properties under static culture condition and 2 h period per day of traction-torsion cyclic culture conditions of simultaneous 10% uniaxial strain and 90° of torsion cycles at 0.33 Hz. Scaffolds were cultured in static conditions, during 28 days, with or without cell seeded or under dynamic conditions during 14 days in a bioreactor. Scaffolds’ biocompatibility and proliferation were investigated with Alamar Blue tests and cell nuclei staining. Scaffolds’ mechanical properties were tested during degradation by uniaxial traction test. The PLGA-PLCL composite scaffold showed a good cytocompatibility and a high degree of colonization in static conditions. Mechanical tests showed a competition between two process of degradation which have been associated to hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation for the reinforce yarn in poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The enzymatic degradation led to a decrease effect on mechanical properties of cell-seeded scaffolds during the 21st days, but the hydrolytic degradation was preponderant at day 28. In conclusion, the structure of this scaffold is adapted to culture in terms of biocompatibility and cell orientation (microfiber) but must be improved by delaying the degradation of it reinforce structure in PLGA.

  • Morphological characterization of a novel scaffold for anterior cruciate Ligament Tissue Engineering.
    Journal of biomechanical engineering, 2011
    Co-Authors: Cédric Laurent, Xiong Wang, Jerome Babin, Jean-luc Six, Jean-françois Ganghoffer, Rachid Rahouadj
    Abstract:

    Tissue Engineering offers an interesting alternative to current anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) surgeries. Indeed, a Tissue-engineered solution could ideally overcome the long-term complications due to actual ACL reconstruction by being gradually replaced by biological Tissue. Key requirements concerning the ideal scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering are numerous and concern its mechanical properties, biochemical nature, and morphology. This study is aimed at predicting the morphology of a novel scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering, based on multilayer braided biodegradable copoly(lactic acid-co-(e-caprolactone)) (PLCL) fibers The process used to create the scaffold is briefly presented, and the degradations of the material before and after the scaffold processing are compared. The process offers varying parameters, such as the number of layers in the scaffold, the pitch length of the braid, and the fibers' diameter. The prediction of the morphology in terms of pore size distribution and pores interconnectivity as a function of these parameters is performed numerically using an original method based on a virtual scaffold. The virtual scaffold geometry and the prediction of pore size distribution are evaluated by comparison with experimental results. The presented process permits creation of a tailorable scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering using basic equipment and from minimum amounts of raw material. The virtual scaffold geometry closely mimics the geometry of real scaffolds, and the prediction of the pore size distribution is found to be in good accordance with measurements on real scaffolds. The scaffold offers an interconnected network of pores the sizes of which are adjustable by playing on the process parameters and are able to match the ideal pore size reported for Tissue ingrowth. The adjustability of the presented scaffold could permit its application in both classical ACL reconstructions and anatomical double-bundle reconstructions. The precise knowledge of the scaffold morphology using the virtual scaffold will be useful to interpret the activity of cells once it will be seeded into the scaffold. An interesting perspective of the present work is to perform a similar study aiming at predicting the mechanical response of the scaffold according to the same process parameters, by implanting the virtual scaffold into a finite element algorithm.

Natalia De Isla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • characterization of bone marrow and wharton s jelly mesenchymal stromal cells response on multilayer braided silk and silk plcl scaffolds for Ligament Tissue Engineering
    Polymers, 2020
    Co-Authors: Xing Liu, Natalia De Isla, Xiong Wang, Ghislaine Cauchois, Yun Chen, Adrien Baldit, Emilie De Brosses, Frederic Velard, Cédric Laurent
    Abstract:

    (1) Background: A suitable scaffold with adapted mechanical and biological properties for Ligament Tissue Engineering is still missing. (2) Methods: Different scaffold configurations were characterized in terms of morphology and a mechanical response, and their interactions with two types of stem cells (Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs)) were assessed. The scaffold configurations consisted of multilayer braids with various number of silk layers (n = 1, 2, 3), and a novel composite scaffold made of a layer of copoly(lactic acid-co-(e-caprolactone)) (PLCL) embedded between two layers of silk. (3) Results: The insertion of a PLCL layer resulted in a higher porosity and better mechanical behavior compared with pure silk scaffold. The metabolic activities of both WJ-MSCs and BM-MSCs increased from day 1 to day 7 except for the three-layer silk scaffold (S3), probably due to its lower porosity. Collagen I (Col I), collagen III (Col III) and tenascin-c (TNC) were expressed by both MSCs on all scaffolds, and expression of Col I was higher than Col III and TNC. (4) Conclusions: the silk/PLCL composite scaffolds constituted the most suitable tested configuration to support MSCs migration, proliferation and Tissue synthesis towards Ligament Tissue Engineering.

  • mesenchymal stem cell interacted with plcl braided scaffold coated with poly l lysine hyaluronic acid for Ligament Tissue Engineering
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2018
    Co-Authors: Xing Liu, Xiong Wang, Cédric Laurent, Laurie Targa, Ghislaine Cauchois, Yun Chen, Natalia De Isla
    Abstract:

    The challenge of finding an adapted scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering remains unsolved after years of researches. A technology to fabricate a multilayer braided scaffold with flexible and elastic poly (l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL 85/15) has been recently pioneered by our team. In this study, polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEM) with poly-l-lysine (PLL)/ hyaluronic acid (HA) were deposited on this scaffold. After PEM modification, polygonal (PLL) and particle-like (HA) structures were present on the braided scaffold with no significant variation of fibers Young's modulus. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) showed good metabolic activity on scaffolds. They presented a spindled shape along the fiber longitudinal direction, and crossed the fibers to form cell bridges. Collagen type I, collagen type III, and tenascin-C secreted by MSCs were detected on day 14. Moreover, one-layer modified scaffold presented increased chemotaxis. As a conclusion, our results indicate that this braided PLCL scaffold with one-layer PEM modification shows inspiring potential with satisfying mechanical properties and biocompatibility. It opens new perspectives to incorporate growth factors within PEM-modified braided PLCL scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering and to recruit endogenous cells after implantation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3042-3052, 2018.

  • Defining a scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering: What has been done, and what still needs to be done
    Journal of Cellular Immunotherapy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Cédric Laurent, Natalia De Isla, Xiong Wang, Xing Liu, Rachid Rahouadj
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tissue Engineering is a promising alternative to current surgical methods for Ligament repair. However, despite a large variety of reported scaffolds for Ligament, Tissue-engineered solutions struggle to reach the clinics. The issue of proposing a scaffold meeting the key requirements for Ligament Tissue Engineering is still largely open. In this article, a brief up-to-date review is proposed concerning what has been done and what still needs to be done in order to propose a suitable scaffold structure and material for Ligament Tissue Engineering. A particularly focus is made on the selection of and structures, biomaterials and their functionalization, on the characterization of the initial and evolutive scaffold properties, and on the challenge of anchoring it within bone tunnels. The interest of computational approaches in the definition of suited scaffolds is also presented. We thus propose to list the remaining steps that should permit in the forthcoming years to propose a bioactive composite bone-Ligament-bone scaffold to regenerate Ligaments.

  • Towards a Tissue-Engineered Ligament: Design and Preliminary Evaluation of a Dedicated Multi-Chamber Tension-Torsion Bioreactor
    Processes, 2014
    Co-Authors: Cédric Laurent, Cedryck Vaquette, Natalia De Isla, Céline Martin, Emmanuel Guedon, Alain Delconte, Dominique Dumas, Sébastien Hupont, Rachid Rahouadj
    Abstract:

    Tissue Engineering may constitute a promising alternative to current strategies in Ligament repair, providing that suitable scaffolds and culture conditions are proposed. The objective of the present contribution is to present the design and instrumentation of a novel multi-chamber tension-torsion bioreactor dedicated to Ligament Tissue Engineering. A preliminary biological evaluation of a new braided scaffold within this bioreactor under dynamic loading is reported, starting with the development of a dedicated seeding protocol validated from static cultures. The results of these preliminary biological characterizations confirm that the present combination of scaffold, seeding protocol and bioreactor may enable us to head towards a suitable Ligament Tissue-engineered construct.

  • mechanical properties evolution of a plga plcl composite scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering under static and cyclic traction torsion in vitro culture conditions
    Journal of Biomaterials Science-polymer Edition, 2013
    Co-Authors: Cyril J.f. Kahn, Natalia De Isla, Nguyen Tran, Kahina Ziani, Ye Min Zhang, Jerome Babin, X Wang
    Abstract:

    This study aims to investigate the in vitro degradation of a poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(L-lactic-co-ϵ-caprolactone) (PLGA-PLCL) composite scaffold’s mechanical properties under static culture condition and 2 h period per day of traction-torsion cyclic culture conditions of simultaneous 10% uniaxial strain and 90° of torsion cycles at 0.33 Hz. Scaffolds were cultured in static conditions, during 28 days, with or without cell seeded or under dynamic conditions during 14 days in a bioreactor. Scaffolds’ biocompatibility and proliferation were investigated with Alamar Blue tests and cell nuclei staining. Scaffolds’ mechanical properties were tested during degradation by uniaxial traction test. The PLGA-PLCL composite scaffold showed a good cytocompatibility and a high degree of colonization in static conditions. Mechanical tests showed a competition between two process of degradation which have been associated to hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation for the reinforce yarn in poly(L-lactic-co-glycoli...

Cédric Laurent - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • characterization of bone marrow and wharton s jelly mesenchymal stromal cells response on multilayer braided silk and silk plcl scaffolds for Ligament Tissue Engineering
    Polymers, 2020
    Co-Authors: Xing Liu, Natalia De Isla, Xiong Wang, Ghislaine Cauchois, Yun Chen, Adrien Baldit, Emilie De Brosses, Frederic Velard, Cédric Laurent
    Abstract:

    (1) Background: A suitable scaffold with adapted mechanical and biological properties for Ligament Tissue Engineering is still missing. (2) Methods: Different scaffold configurations were characterized in terms of morphology and a mechanical response, and their interactions with two types of stem cells (Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs)) were assessed. The scaffold configurations consisted of multilayer braids with various number of silk layers (n = 1, 2, 3), and a novel composite scaffold made of a layer of copoly(lactic acid-co-(e-caprolactone)) (PLCL) embedded between two layers of silk. (3) Results: The insertion of a PLCL layer resulted in a higher porosity and better mechanical behavior compared with pure silk scaffold. The metabolic activities of both WJ-MSCs and BM-MSCs increased from day 1 to day 7 except for the three-layer silk scaffold (S3), probably due to its lower porosity. Collagen I (Col I), collagen III (Col III) and tenascin-c (TNC) were expressed by both MSCs on all scaffolds, and expression of Col I was higher than Col III and TNC. (4) Conclusions: the silk/PLCL composite scaffolds constituted the most suitable tested configuration to support MSCs migration, proliferation and Tissue synthesis towards Ligament Tissue Engineering.

  • mesenchymal stem cell interacted with plcl braided scaffold coated with poly l lysine hyaluronic acid for Ligament Tissue Engineering
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2018
    Co-Authors: Xing Liu, Xiong Wang, Cédric Laurent, Laurie Targa, Ghislaine Cauchois, Yun Chen, Natalia De Isla
    Abstract:

    The challenge of finding an adapted scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering remains unsolved after years of researches. A technology to fabricate a multilayer braided scaffold with flexible and elastic poly (l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL 85/15) has been recently pioneered by our team. In this study, polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEM) with poly-l-lysine (PLL)/ hyaluronic acid (HA) were deposited on this scaffold. After PEM modification, polygonal (PLL) and particle-like (HA) structures were present on the braided scaffold with no significant variation of fibers Young's modulus. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) showed good metabolic activity on scaffolds. They presented a spindled shape along the fiber longitudinal direction, and crossed the fibers to form cell bridges. Collagen type I, collagen type III, and tenascin-C secreted by MSCs were detected on day 14. Moreover, one-layer modified scaffold presented increased chemotaxis. As a conclusion, our results indicate that this braided PLCL scaffold with one-layer PEM modification shows inspiring potential with satisfying mechanical properties and biocompatibility. It opens new perspectives to incorporate growth factors within PEM-modified braided PLCL scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering and to recruit endogenous cells after implantation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3042-3052, 2018.

  • Defining a scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering: What has been done, and what still needs to be done
    Journal of Cellular Immunotherapy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Cédric Laurent, Natalia De Isla, Xiong Wang, Xing Liu, Rachid Rahouadj
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tissue Engineering is a promising alternative to current surgical methods for Ligament repair. However, despite a large variety of reported scaffolds for Ligament, Tissue-engineered solutions struggle to reach the clinics. The issue of proposing a scaffold meeting the key requirements for Ligament Tissue Engineering is still largely open. In this article, a brief up-to-date review is proposed concerning what has been done and what still needs to be done in order to propose a suitable scaffold structure and material for Ligament Tissue Engineering. A particularly focus is made on the selection of and structures, biomaterials and their functionalization, on the characterization of the initial and evolutive scaffold properties, and on the challenge of anchoring it within bone tunnels. The interest of computational approaches in the definition of suited scaffolds is also presented. We thus propose to list the remaining steps that should permit in the forthcoming years to propose a bioactive composite bone-Ligament-bone scaffold to regenerate Ligaments.

  • Mechanical behaviour of a fibrous scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering: Finite elements analysis vs. X-ray tomography imaging
    Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 2014
    Co-Authors: Cédric Laurent, Rachid Rahouadj, Pierre Latil, Damien Durville, Christian Geindreau, Laurent Orgéas, Jean-françois Ganghoffer
    Abstract:

    The use of biodegradable scaffolds seeded with cells in order to regenerate functional Tissue-engineered substitutes offers interesting alternative to common medical approaches for Ligament repair. Particularly, finite element (FE) method enables the ability to predict and optimise both the macroscopic behaviour of these scaffolds and the local mechanic signals that control the cell activity. In this study, we investigate the ability of a dedicated FE code to predict the geometrical evolution of a new braided and biodegradable polymer scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering by comparing scaffold geometries issued from FE simulations and from X-ray tomographic imaging during a tensile test. Moreover, we compare two types of FE simulations the initial geometries of which are issued either from X-ray imaging or from a computed idealised configuration. We report that the dedicated FE simulations from an idealised reference configuration can be reasonably used in the future to predict the global and local mechanical behaviour of the braided scaffold. A valuable and original dialog between the fields of experimental and numerical characterisation of such fibrous media is thus achieved. In the future, this approach should enable to improve accurate characterisation of local and global behaviour of Tissue-Engineering scaffolds.

  • Towards a Tissue-Engineered Ligament: Design and Preliminary Evaluation of a Dedicated Multi-Chamber Tension-Torsion Bioreactor
    Processes, 2014
    Co-Authors: Cédric Laurent, Cedryck Vaquette, Natalia De Isla, Céline Martin, Emmanuel Guedon, Alain Delconte, Dominique Dumas, Sébastien Hupont, Rachid Rahouadj
    Abstract:

    Tissue Engineering may constitute a promising alternative to current strategies in Ligament repair, providing that suitable scaffolds and culture conditions are proposed. The objective of the present contribution is to present the design and instrumentation of a novel multi-chamber tension-torsion bioreactor dedicated to Ligament Tissue Engineering. A preliminary biological evaluation of a new braided scaffold within this bioreactor under dynamic loading is reported, starting with the development of a dedicated seeding protocol validated from static cultures. The results of these preliminary biological characterizations confirm that the present combination of scaffold, seeding protocol and bioreactor may enable us to head towards a suitable Ligament Tissue-engineered construct.

Rachid Rahouadj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Defining a scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering: What has been done, and what still needs to be done
    Journal of Cellular Immunotherapy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Cédric Laurent, Natalia De Isla, Xiong Wang, Xing Liu, Rachid Rahouadj
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tissue Engineering is a promising alternative to current surgical methods for Ligament repair. However, despite a large variety of reported scaffolds for Ligament, Tissue-engineered solutions struggle to reach the clinics. The issue of proposing a scaffold meeting the key requirements for Ligament Tissue Engineering is still largely open. In this article, a brief up-to-date review is proposed concerning what has been done and what still needs to be done in order to propose a suitable scaffold structure and material for Ligament Tissue Engineering. A particularly focus is made on the selection of and structures, biomaterials and their functionalization, on the characterization of the initial and evolutive scaffold properties, and on the challenge of anchoring it within bone tunnels. The interest of computational approaches in the definition of suited scaffolds is also presented. We thus propose to list the remaining steps that should permit in the forthcoming years to propose a bioactive composite bone-Ligament-bone scaffold to regenerate Ligaments.

  • Mechanical behaviour of a fibrous scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering: Finite elements analysis vs. X-ray tomography imaging
    Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 2014
    Co-Authors: Cédric Laurent, Rachid Rahouadj, Pierre Latil, Damien Durville, Christian Geindreau, Laurent Orgéas, Jean-françois Ganghoffer
    Abstract:

    The use of biodegradable scaffolds seeded with cells in order to regenerate functional Tissue-engineered substitutes offers interesting alternative to common medical approaches for Ligament repair. Particularly, finite element (FE) method enables the ability to predict and optimise both the macroscopic behaviour of these scaffolds and the local mechanic signals that control the cell activity. In this study, we investigate the ability of a dedicated FE code to predict the geometrical evolution of a new braided and biodegradable polymer scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering by comparing scaffold geometries issued from FE simulations and from X-ray tomographic imaging during a tensile test. Moreover, we compare two types of FE simulations the initial geometries of which are issued either from X-ray imaging or from a computed idealised configuration. We report that the dedicated FE simulations from an idealised reference configuration can be reasonably used in the future to predict the global and local mechanical behaviour of the braided scaffold. A valuable and original dialog between the fields of experimental and numerical characterisation of such fibrous media is thus achieved. In the future, this approach should enable to improve accurate characterisation of local and global behaviour of Tissue-Engineering scaffolds.

  • Towards a Tissue-Engineered Ligament: Design and Preliminary Evaluation of a Dedicated Multi-Chamber Tension-Torsion Bioreactor
    Processes, 2014
    Co-Authors: Cédric Laurent, Cedryck Vaquette, Natalia De Isla, Céline Martin, Emmanuel Guedon, Alain Delconte, Dominique Dumas, Sébastien Hupont, Rachid Rahouadj
    Abstract:

    Tissue Engineering may constitute a promising alternative to current strategies in Ligament repair, providing that suitable scaffolds and culture conditions are proposed. The objective of the present contribution is to present the design and instrumentation of a novel multi-chamber tension-torsion bioreactor dedicated to Ligament Tissue Engineering. A preliminary biological evaluation of a new braided scaffold within this bioreactor under dynamic loading is reported, starting with the development of a dedicated seeding protocol validated from static cultures. The results of these preliminary biological characterizations confirm that the present combination of scaffold, seeding protocol and bioreactor may enable us to head towards a suitable Ligament Tissue-engineered construct.

  • Morphological characterization of a novel scaffold for anterior cruciate Ligament Tissue Engineering.
    Journal of biomechanical engineering, 2011
    Co-Authors: Cédric Laurent, Xiong Wang, Jerome Babin, Jean-luc Six, Jean-françois Ganghoffer, Rachid Rahouadj
    Abstract:

    Tissue Engineering offers an interesting alternative to current anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) surgeries. Indeed, a Tissue-engineered solution could ideally overcome the long-term complications due to actual ACL reconstruction by being gradually replaced by biological Tissue. Key requirements concerning the ideal scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering are numerous and concern its mechanical properties, biochemical nature, and morphology. This study is aimed at predicting the morphology of a novel scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering, based on multilayer braided biodegradable copoly(lactic acid-co-(e-caprolactone)) (PLCL) fibers The process used to create the scaffold is briefly presented, and the degradations of the material before and after the scaffold processing are compared. The process offers varying parameters, such as the number of layers in the scaffold, the pitch length of the braid, and the fibers' diameter. The prediction of the morphology in terms of pore size distribution and pores interconnectivity as a function of these parameters is performed numerically using an original method based on a virtual scaffold. The virtual scaffold geometry and the prediction of pore size distribution are evaluated by comparison with experimental results. The presented process permits creation of a tailorable scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering using basic equipment and from minimum amounts of raw material. The virtual scaffold geometry closely mimics the geometry of real scaffolds, and the prediction of the pore size distribution is found to be in good accordance with measurements on real scaffolds. The scaffold offers an interconnected network of pores the sizes of which are adjustable by playing on the process parameters and are able to match the ideal pore size reported for Tissue ingrowth. The adjustability of the presented scaffold could permit its application in both classical ACL reconstructions and anatomical double-bundle reconstructions. The precise knowledge of the scaffold morphology using the virtual scaffold will be useful to interpret the activity of cells once it will be seeded into the scaffold. An interesting perspective of the present work is to perform a similar study aiming at predicting the mechanical response of the scaffold according to the same process parameters, by implanting the virtual scaffold into a finite element algorithm.

  • aligned poly l lactic co e caprolactone electrospun microfibers and knitted structure a novel composite scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering
    Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Science & Engineering Faculty, 2010
    Co-Authors: Cedryck Vaquette, Cecile Nouvel, Natalia De Isla, Rachid Rahouadj, Cyril J.f. Kahn, Justin J Cooperwhite, Céline Frochot, Xiong Wang
    Abstract:

    We developed a novel technique involving knitting and electrospinning to fabricate a composite scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering. Knitted structures were coated with poly(L-lactic-co-e-caprolactone) (PLCL) and then placed onto a rotating cylinder and a PLCL solution was electrospun onto the structure. Highly aligned 2-μm-diameter microfibers covered the space between the stitches and adhered to the knitted scaffolds. The stress–strain tensile curves exhibited an initial toe region similar to the tensile behavior of Ligaments. Composite scaffolds had an elastic modulus (150 ± 14 MPa) similar to the modulus of human Ligaments. Biological evaluation showed that cells proliferated on the composite scaffolds and they spontaneously orientated along the direction of microfiber alignment. The microfiber architecture also induced a high level of extracellular matrix secretion, which was characterized by immunostaining. We found that cells produced collagen type I and type III, two main components found in Ligaments. After 14 days of culture, collagen type III started to form a fibrous network. We fabricated a composite scaffold having the mechanical properties of the knitted structure and the morphological properties of the aligned microfibers. It is difficult to seed a highly macroporous structure with cells, however the technique we developed enabled an easy cell seeding due to presence of the microfiber layer. Therefore, these scaffolds presented attractive properties for a future use in bioreactors for Ligament Tissue Engineering.