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Cabezudo Artero Baltasar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Dos nuevas subespecies de Linaria amethystea (Vent.) Hoffman. & Link en el sur de la Península Ibérica
    'Malaga University', 2019
    Co-Authors: Casimiro-soriguer Solanas Federico, Cabezudo Artero Baltasar
    Abstract:

    ResumenSe propone una nueva combinación nomenclatural Linaria amethystea subsp. albiflora (Boiss.) Casimiro-Soriguer Solanas & Cabezudo y un nuevo taxón, L. amethystea subsp. toloxense Casimiro-Soriguer Solanas & Cabezudo. Se aclaran las relaciones de ambos taxones con el resto de subespecies de L. amethystea presentes en el sur de la Península Ibérica y se aporta una clave de identificación para todas las subespecies reconocidas en la Península Ibérica dentro del complejo de L. amethystea.Palabras clave: Linaria, taxonomía, Andalucía, Sierra de las NievesAbstractTwo new subspecies of Linaria amethystea (Vent.) Hoffmanns. & Link (Plantaginaceae) from the southern Iberian PeninsulaA new nomenclatural combination Linaria amethystea subsp. albiflora and a new taxa L. amethystea subsp. toloxense are proposed. The relationships of both taxa with the rest of subspecies of L. amethystea present in the south of the Iberian Peninsula are clarified an identification key for all the subspecies recognized in the Iberian Peninsula within the complex of L. amethystea is provided.Key words: Linaria, taxonomy, Andalusia, Sierra de las Nieve

  • Dos nuevas subespecies de Linaria amethystea (Vent.) Hoffman. & Link en el sur de la Península Ibérica
    2019
    Co-Authors: Casimiro-soriguer Solanas Federico, Cabezudo Artero Baltasar
    Abstract:

    A new nomenclatural combination Linaria amethystea subsp. albiflora and a new taxa L. amethystea subsp. toloxense are proposed. The relationships of both taxa with the rest of subspecies of L. amethystea present in the south of the Iberian Peninsula are clarified an identification key for all the subspecies recognized in the Iberian Peninsula within the complex of L. amethystea is provided.Se propone una nueva combinación nomenclatural Linaria amethystea subsp. albiflora (Boiss.) Casimiro-Soriguer Solanas & Cabezudo y un nuevo taxón, L. amethystea subsp. toloxense Casimiro-Soriguer Solanas & Cabezudo. Se aclaran las relaciones de ambos taxones con el resto de subespecies de L. amethystea presentes en el sur de la Península Ibérica y se aporta una clave de identificación para todas las subespecies reconocidas en la Península Ibérica dentro del complejo de L. amethystea

Natalie K Boyle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • wildflower plantings promote blue orchard bee osmia lignaria hymenoptera megachilidae reproduction in california almond orchards
    Ecology and Evolution, 2020
    Co-Authors: Natalie K Boyle, Ola Lundin, Kimiora L Ward, Devon Picklum, Gordon I Wardell, Neal M. Williams, Derek R Artz, Theresa L Pittssinger
    Abstract:

    Concerns over the availability of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) to meet pollination demands have elicited interest in alternative pollinators to mitigate pressures on the commercial beekeeping industry. The blue orchard bee, Osmia lignaria (Say), is a commercially available native bee that can be employed as a copollinator with, or alternative pollinator to, honeybees in orchards. To date, their successful implementation in agriculture has been limited by poor recovery of bee progeny for use during the next spring. This lack of reproductive success may be tied to an inadequate diversity and abundance of alternative floral resources during the foraging period. Managed, supplementary wildflower plantings may promote O. lignaria reproduction in California almond orchards. Three wildflower plantings were installed and maintained along orchard edges to supplement bee forage. Plantings were seeded with native wildflower species that overlapped with and extended beyond almond bloom. We measured bee visitation to planted wildflowers, bee reproduction, and progeny outcomes across orchard blocks at variable distances from wildflower plantings during 2015 and 2016. Pollen provision composition was also determined to confirm O. lignaria wildflower pollen use. Osmia lignaria were frequently observed visiting wildflower plantings during, and after, almond bloom. Most O. lignaria nesting occurred at orchard edges. The greatest recovery of progeny occurred along the orchard edges having the closest proximity (80 m) to managed wildflower plantings versus edges farther away. After almond bloom, O. lignaria nesting closest to the wildflower plantings collected 72% of their pollen from Phacelia spp., which supplied 96% of the managed floral area. Phacelia spp. pollen collection declined with distance from the plantings, but still reached 17% 800 m into the orchard. This study highlights the importance of landscape context and proximity to supplementary floral resources in promoting the propagation of solitary bees as alternative managed pollinators in commercial agriculture.

  • examination of a managed pollinator strategy for almond production using apis mellifera hymenoptera apidae and osmia lignaria hymenoptera megachilidae
    Environmental Entomology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Theresa L Pittssinger, Natalie K Boyle, Derek R Artz, Stephen S Peterson, Gordon I Wardell
    Abstract:

    Pollination services provided by managed bees are essential for California almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.; Rosales: Rosaceae) production. Currently, pollination needs are met by rented or owned Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae; honey bee) colonies. Excessive demand on a challenged A. mellifera industry to provide strong colonies in early spring has caused sharp increases in rental prices over the past decade, inviting the consideration of alternative pollinators in addition to, or in place of, A. mellifera. Osmia lignaria Say (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae; the blue orchard bee) is an excellent pollinator of fruit and nut trees, but its pollination impacts when used in tandem with A. mellifera have yet to be evaluated in commercial almond orchards. A 2-yr study was conducted in California orchards to compare almond pollination and production using A. mellifera as sole pollinator to an alternative practice of adding O. lignaria as a co-pollinator with A. mellifera. Almond orchard managerial decisions, such as for pesticide use and irrigation intensity, vary between almond growing regions because of local climates. Therefore, both north-central and southern sites of California's San Joaquin Valley are represented. We compared bee visitation, nut set, and nut yield between orchards and between tree rows within orchards. Also, O. lignaria reproductive success was recorded to assure that these bees remained in the orchards as pollinators and to assess the ability to sustain these bees under regional orchard conditions. We demonstrated that augmenting large commercial almond orchards with O. lignaria can significantly increase nut set and sometimes nut yield in both regions evaluated.

  • the effect of nest box distribution on sustainable propagation of osmia lignaria hymenoptera megachilidae in commercial tart cherry orchards
    Journal of Insect Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Natalie K Boyle, Theresa L Pittssinger
    Abstract:

    The blue orchard bee, Osmia lignaria (Say), is a solitary bee that is an excellent pollinator of tree fruit orchards. Due to the annual rising costs of honey bee hive rentals, many orchardists are eager to develop management tools and practices to support O. lignaria as an alternative pollinator. Establishing O. lignaria pollination as a sustainable industry requires careful consideration of both bee and orchard management. Here, we test the effect of artificial nest box distribution on in-orchard propagation of O. lignaria in Utah commercial tart cherry orchards. Two nest box distributions were compared across three paired, 1.2-ha plots. One distribution, traditionally employed by O. lignaria consultants, included a centrally located tote for mass-nesting with smaller, surrounding 'satellite' nest boxes at orchard margins. The other distribution was composed of smaller, more equally distributed nest boxes throughout the 1.2-ha plots. Significantly higher propagation of O. lignaria was observed in the latter nest box distribution, although all treatments resulted in bee return exceeding the number of bees initially released. These findings provide support for the use of O. lignaria in tart cherry orchards, and demonstrate how simple changes to bee set-up and management can influence propagation efforts.

Vargas Pablo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A new species of Linaria sect. Supinae from Sierra de Gredos (Sistema Central mountains, Iberian Peninsula)
    'Malaga University', 2019
    Co-Authors: Luceño Modesto, Fernández-mazuecos Mario, Vargas Pablo
    Abstract:

    AbstractUna especie nueva de Linaria sect. Supinae en la Sierra de Gredos (Sistema Central, Península Ibérica)Linaria vettonica Luceño, Mazuecos & P. Vargas, a new species of Linaria sect. Supinae, is described. It is a narrow endemic inhabiting the southern hills of the western and central massifs of Sierra de Gredos (Sistema Central mountains, Iberian Peninsula). The five populations found occur on siliceous, sandy soils of Quercus pyrenaica woodland clearings and slopes. L. vettonica can be distinguished from Linaria caesia by the densely glandular-pubescent inflorescence, dark purple corolla and brown seeds with tuberculate disc, and from L. aeruginea by its erect fertile stems and dark purple -never blackishcorolla.Key words: Linaria, Sierra de Gredos, narrow endemic, taxonomy, seed micromorphology. ResumenSe describe Linaria vettonica Luceño, Mazuecos & P. Vargas, una nueva especie de Linaria sect. Supinae. Se trata de un endemismo restringido que se distribuye por las vertientes meridionales de los macizos occidental y central de la Sierra de Gredos (Sistema Central, Península Ibérica). Las cinco poblaciones encontradas aparecieron sobre suelos arenosos silíceos en claros y laderas de bosques de Quercus pyrenaica. L. vettonica se distingue de L. caesia por sus inflorescencias densamente glandular-pubescentes, corolas de color púrpura oscuro y semillas marrones con disco ornamentado con numerosos tubérculos. De L. aeruginea se distingue por sus tallos fértiles erectos y sus flores de color púrpura oscuro, nunca negruzcas.Palabras clave: Linaria, sierra de Gredos, endemismo restringido, taxonomía, micromorfología de semillas

  • Una especie nueva de Linaria sect. Supinae en la Sierra de Gredos (Sistema Central, Península Ibérica)
    Universidad de Málaga. Servicio de Publicaciones e Intercambio Científico, 2019
    Co-Authors: Luceño Modesto, Fernández-mazuecos Mario, Vargas Pablo
    Abstract:

    Linaria vettonica Luceño, Mazuecos & P. Vargas, a new species of Linaria sect. Supinae, is described. It is a narrow endemic inhabiting the southern hills of the western and central massifs of Sierra de Gredos (Sistema Central mountains, Iberian Peninsula). The five populations found occur on siliceous, sandy soils of Quercus pyrenaica woodland clearings and slopes. L. vettonica can be distinguished from Linaria caesia by the densely glandular-pubescent inflorescence, dark purple corolla and brown seeds with tuberculate disc, and from L. aeruginea by its erect fertile stems and dark purple -never blackishcorolla

  • Macroevolutionary dynamics of nectar spurs, a key evolutionary innovation
    'Wiley', 2019
    Co-Authors: Fernández-mazuecos Mario, Vargas Pablo, Juan Ana, Blanco-pastor, José Luis, Carnicero Pau, Forrest Alan, Alarcón Marisa, Glover, Beverley J.
    Abstract:

    Floral nectar spurs are widely considered a key innovation promoting diversification in angiosperms by means of pollinator shifts. We investigated the macroevolutionary dynamics of nectar spurs in the tribe Antirrhineae (Plantaginaceae), which contains 29 genera and 300–400 species (70–80% spurred). The effect of nectar spurs on diversification was tested, with special focus on Linaria, the genus with the highest number of species. We generated the most comprehensive phylogeny of Antirrhineae to date and reconstructed the evolution of nectar spurs. Diversification rate heterogeneity was investigated using trait‐dependent and trait‐independent methods, and accounting for taxonomic uncertainty. The association between changes in spur length and speciation was examined within Linaria using model testing and ancestral state reconstructions. We inferred four independent acquisitions of nectar spurs. Diversification analyses revealed that nectar spurs are loosely associated with increased diversification rates. Detected rate shifts were delayed by 5–15 Myr with respect to the acquisition of the trait. Active evolution of spur length, fitting a speciational model, was inferred in Linaria, which is consistent with a scenario of pollinator shifts driving diversification. Nectar spurs played a role in diversification of the Antirrhineae, but diversification dynamics can only be fully explained by the complex interaction of multiple biotic and abiotic factors.This work was supported by the Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship Linaria-SPECIATION (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, reference 624396), an Isaac Newton Trust Research Grant (Trinity College, Cambridge), a Juan de la Cierva fellowship to MF-M (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity, reference IJCI-2015-23459) and a Generalitat Valenciana postdoctoral grant to AJ (Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, reference BEST/2014/264)

  • Macroevolutionary dynamics of nectar spurs, a key evolutionary innovation
    'Wiley', 2019
    Co-Authors: Fernández-mazuecos Mario, Vargas Pablo, Juan Ana, Blanco-pastor, José Luis, Carnicero Pau, Forrest Alan, Alarcón, María Luisa, Glover, Beverley J.
    Abstract:

    Floral nectar spurs are widely considered a key innovation promoting diversification in angiosperms by means of pollinator shifts. We investigated the macroevolutionary dynamics of nectar spurs in the tribe Antirrhineae (Plantaginaceae), which contains 29 genera and 300–400 species (70–80% spurred). The effect of nectar spurs on diversification was tested, with special focus on Linaria, the genus with the highest number of species. We generated the most comprehensive phylogeny of Antirrhineae to date and reconstructed the evolution of nectar spurs. Diversification rate heterogeneity was investigated using trait-dependent and trait-independent methods, and accounting for taxonomic uncertainty. The association between changes in spur length and speciation was examined within Linaria using model testing and ancestral state reconstructions. We inferred four independent acquisitions of nectar spurs. Diversification analyses revealed that nectar spurs are loosely associated with increased diversification rates. Detected rate shifts were delayed by 5–15 Myr with respect to the acquisition of the trait. Active evolution of spur length, fitting a speciational model, was inferred in Linaria, which is consistent with a scenario of pollinator shifts driving diversification. Nectar spurs played a role in diversification of the Antirrhineae, but diversification dynamics can only be fully explained by the complex interaction of multiple biotic and abiotic factors.This work was supported by the Marie Curie Intra‐European Fellowship Linaria‐SPECIATION (FP7‐PEOPLE‐2013‐IEF, reference 624396), an Isaac Newton Trust Research Grant (Trinity College, Cambridge), a Juan de la Cierva fellowship to MF‐M (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity, reference IJCI‐2015‐23459) and a Generalitat Valenciana postdoctoral grant to AJ (Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, reference BEST/2014/264).Peer reviewe

  • Macroevolutionary dynamics of nectar spurs, a key evolutionary innovation
    'Wiley', 2019
    Co-Authors: Fernández-mazuecos Mario, Vargas Pablo, Juan Ana, Blanco-pastor, José Luis, Carnicero Pau, Forrest Alan, Alarcón Marisa, Glover, Beverley J.
    Abstract:

    International audienceFloral nectar spurs are widely considered a key innovation promoting diversification in angiosperms by means of pollinator shifts. We investigated the macroevolutionary dynamics of nectar spurs in the tribe Antirrhineae (Plantaginaceae), which contains 29 genera and 300-400 species (70-80% spurred). The effect of nectar spurs on diversification was tested, with special focus on Linaria, the genus with the highest number of species. We generated the most comprehensive phylogeny of Antirrhineae to date and reconstructed the evolution of nectar spurs. Diversification rate heterogeneity was investigated using trait-dependent and trait-independent methods, and accounting for taxonomic uncertainty. The association between changes in spur length and speciation was examined within Linaria using model testing and ancestral state reconstructions. We inferred four independent acquisitions of nectar spurs. Diversification analyses revealed that nectar spurs are loosely associated with increased diversification rates. Detected rate shifts were delayed by 5-15 Myr with respect to the acquisition of the trait. Active evolution of spur length, fitting a speciational model, was inferred in Linaria, which is consistent with a scenario of pollinator shifts driving diversification. Nectar spurs played a role in diversification of the Antirrhineae, but diversification dynamics can only be fully explained by the complex interaction of multiple biotic and abiotic factors

Theresa L Pittssinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • wildflower plantings promote blue orchard bee osmia lignaria hymenoptera megachilidae reproduction in california almond orchards
    Ecology and Evolution, 2020
    Co-Authors: Natalie K Boyle, Ola Lundin, Kimiora L Ward, Devon Picklum, Gordon I Wardell, Neal M. Williams, Derek R Artz, Theresa L Pittssinger
    Abstract:

    Concerns over the availability of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) to meet pollination demands have elicited interest in alternative pollinators to mitigate pressures on the commercial beekeeping industry. The blue orchard bee, Osmia lignaria (Say), is a commercially available native bee that can be employed as a copollinator with, or alternative pollinator to, honeybees in orchards. To date, their successful implementation in agriculture has been limited by poor recovery of bee progeny for use during the next spring. This lack of reproductive success may be tied to an inadequate diversity and abundance of alternative floral resources during the foraging period. Managed, supplementary wildflower plantings may promote O. lignaria reproduction in California almond orchards. Three wildflower plantings were installed and maintained along orchard edges to supplement bee forage. Plantings were seeded with native wildflower species that overlapped with and extended beyond almond bloom. We measured bee visitation to planted wildflowers, bee reproduction, and progeny outcomes across orchard blocks at variable distances from wildflower plantings during 2015 and 2016. Pollen provision composition was also determined to confirm O. lignaria wildflower pollen use. Osmia lignaria were frequently observed visiting wildflower plantings during, and after, almond bloom. Most O. lignaria nesting occurred at orchard edges. The greatest recovery of progeny occurred along the orchard edges having the closest proximity (80 m) to managed wildflower plantings versus edges farther away. After almond bloom, O. lignaria nesting closest to the wildflower plantings collected 72% of their pollen from Phacelia spp., which supplied 96% of the managed floral area. Phacelia spp. pollen collection declined with distance from the plantings, but still reached 17% 800 m into the orchard. This study highlights the importance of landscape context and proximity to supplementary floral resources in promoting the propagation of solitary bees as alternative managed pollinators in commercial agriculture.

  • examination of a managed pollinator strategy for almond production using apis mellifera hymenoptera apidae and osmia lignaria hymenoptera megachilidae
    Environmental Entomology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Theresa L Pittssinger, Natalie K Boyle, Derek R Artz, Stephen S Peterson, Gordon I Wardell
    Abstract:

    Pollination services provided by managed bees are essential for California almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.; Rosales: Rosaceae) production. Currently, pollination needs are met by rented or owned Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae; honey bee) colonies. Excessive demand on a challenged A. mellifera industry to provide strong colonies in early spring has caused sharp increases in rental prices over the past decade, inviting the consideration of alternative pollinators in addition to, or in place of, A. mellifera. Osmia lignaria Say (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae; the blue orchard bee) is an excellent pollinator of fruit and nut trees, but its pollination impacts when used in tandem with A. mellifera have yet to be evaluated in commercial almond orchards. A 2-yr study was conducted in California orchards to compare almond pollination and production using A. mellifera as sole pollinator to an alternative practice of adding O. lignaria as a co-pollinator with A. mellifera. Almond orchard managerial decisions, such as for pesticide use and irrigation intensity, vary between almond growing regions because of local climates. Therefore, both north-central and southern sites of California's San Joaquin Valley are represented. We compared bee visitation, nut set, and nut yield between orchards and between tree rows within orchards. Also, O. lignaria reproductive success was recorded to assure that these bees remained in the orchards as pollinators and to assess the ability to sustain these bees under regional orchard conditions. We demonstrated that augmenting large commercial almond orchards with O. lignaria can significantly increase nut set and sometimes nut yield in both regions evaluated.

  • the effect of nest box distribution on sustainable propagation of osmia lignaria hymenoptera megachilidae in commercial tart cherry orchards
    Journal of Insect Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Natalie K Boyle, Theresa L Pittssinger
    Abstract:

    The blue orchard bee, Osmia lignaria (Say), is a solitary bee that is an excellent pollinator of tree fruit orchards. Due to the annual rising costs of honey bee hive rentals, many orchardists are eager to develop management tools and practices to support O. lignaria as an alternative pollinator. Establishing O. lignaria pollination as a sustainable industry requires careful consideration of both bee and orchard management. Here, we test the effect of artificial nest box distribution on in-orchard propagation of O. lignaria in Utah commercial tart cherry orchards. Two nest box distributions were compared across three paired, 1.2-ha plots. One distribution, traditionally employed by O. lignaria consultants, included a centrally located tote for mass-nesting with smaller, surrounding 'satellite' nest boxes at orchard margins. The other distribution was composed of smaller, more equally distributed nest boxes throughout the 1.2-ha plots. Significantly higher propagation of O. lignaria was observed in the latter nest box distribution, although all treatments resulted in bee return exceeding the number of bees initially released. These findings provide support for the use of O. lignaria in tart cherry orchards, and demonstrate how simple changes to bee set-up and management can influence propagation efforts.

Casimiro-soriguer Solanas Federico - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Dos nuevas subespecies de Linaria amethystea (Vent.) Hoffman. & Link en el sur de la Península Ibérica
    'Malaga University', 2019
    Co-Authors: Casimiro-soriguer Solanas Federico, Cabezudo Artero Baltasar
    Abstract:

    ResumenSe propone una nueva combinación nomenclatural Linaria amethystea subsp. albiflora (Boiss.) Casimiro-Soriguer Solanas & Cabezudo y un nuevo taxón, L. amethystea subsp. toloxense Casimiro-Soriguer Solanas & Cabezudo. Se aclaran las relaciones de ambos taxones con el resto de subespecies de L. amethystea presentes en el sur de la Península Ibérica y se aporta una clave de identificación para todas las subespecies reconocidas en la Península Ibérica dentro del complejo de L. amethystea.Palabras clave: Linaria, taxonomía, Andalucía, Sierra de las NievesAbstractTwo new subspecies of Linaria amethystea (Vent.) Hoffmanns. & Link (Plantaginaceae) from the southern Iberian PeninsulaA new nomenclatural combination Linaria amethystea subsp. albiflora and a new taxa L. amethystea subsp. toloxense are proposed. The relationships of both taxa with the rest of subspecies of L. amethystea present in the south of the Iberian Peninsula are clarified an identification key for all the subspecies recognized in the Iberian Peninsula within the complex of L. amethystea is provided.Key words: Linaria, taxonomy, Andalusia, Sierra de las Nieve

  • Dos nuevas subespecies de Linaria amethystea (Vent.) Hoffman. & Link en el sur de la Península Ibérica
    2019
    Co-Authors: Casimiro-soriguer Solanas Federico, Cabezudo Artero Baltasar
    Abstract:

    A new nomenclatural combination Linaria amethystea subsp. albiflora and a new taxa L. amethystea subsp. toloxense are proposed. The relationships of both taxa with the rest of subspecies of L. amethystea present in the south of the Iberian Peninsula are clarified an identification key for all the subspecies recognized in the Iberian Peninsula within the complex of L. amethystea is provided.Se propone una nueva combinación nomenclatural Linaria amethystea subsp. albiflora (Boiss.) Casimiro-Soriguer Solanas & Cabezudo y un nuevo taxón, L. amethystea subsp. toloxense Casimiro-Soriguer Solanas & Cabezudo. Se aclaran las relaciones de ambos taxones con el resto de subespecies de L. amethystea presentes en el sur de la Península Ibérica y se aporta una clave de identificación para todas las subespecies reconocidas en la Península Ibérica dentro del complejo de L. amethystea