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Yvan Pelletier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of host plant selection in resistance of wild solanum species to Macrosiphum euphorbiae and myzus persicae
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2010Co-Authors: Julien Pompon, Dan T Quiring, Philippe Giordanengo, Yvan PelletierAbstract:Damage to potatoes by Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (both Hemiptera: Aphididae) can be controlled through plant resistance. We used ethological experiments and electric penetration graph (EPG) analysis to evaluate the role of host selection in the previously assessed resistance levels of Solanum accessions: Solanum circaeifolium Bitter subsp. capsicibaccatum (Cardenas) (PI210036), S. chomatophilum Bitter (PI243340 and PI310990), S. okadae Hawkes & Hjert. (PI458367), S. oplocense Hawkes (PI473368), S. pinnatisectum Dunal (PI186553), S. polyade- nium Greenm. (PI230463), S. tarijense Hawkes (PI414150), and S. trifidum Correll (PI255538), to M. euphorbiae and M. persicae. Through multivariate analysis, we grouped behavioural variables into factors, which we related to host selection behaviours, and then evaluated whether factors varied between each accession and the susceptible S. tuberosum. None of the factors obtained by ethological experiments differed among accessions. Four of six and three of five factors obtained through EPG varied among accessions for M. euphorbiae and M. persicae, respectively, and were used to suggest resistance characteristics. The resistance to M. persicae of both S. chomatophilum accessions was asso- ciated with pathway activity disturbance. Solanum tarijense and S. polyadenium resistance to M. per- sicae resulted from leaf surface characteristics, which may be trichomes. Solanum oplocense and S. trifidum resistance to M. euphorbiae resulted from the wound response system, whereas S. pinnati- sectum resistance may stem from nutritionally unbalanced or toxic phloem sap. Solanum polyadeni- um resistance to M. euphorbiae was phloem-based. Solanum circaeifolium ssp. capsicibaccatum resistance to M. persicae, and the resistance of PI243340 S. chomatophilum and S. tarijense to M. euphorbiae were not related to host selection and therefore were presumably due to physiologi- cally active compounds.
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characterization of solanum chomatophilum resistance to 2 aphid potato pests Macrosiphum euphorbiae thomas and myzus persicae sulzer
Crop Protection, 2010Co-Authors: Julien Pompon, Dan T Quiring, Philippe Giordanengo, Yvan PelletierAbstract:The aphids Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are responsible for yield reduction in potato (Solanum tuberosum) production by direct phloem feeding and by spreading viruses. Breeding resistant traits from Solanum chomatophilum into the potato germplasm provides alternative means to control aphid infestations. Integrated pest management strategy, using plant resistance, benefits from the characterization of the resistance and of its impact on aphid biology. Our objective was to characterize the resistance of S. chomatophilum by assessing the effects of accessions, plant parts on aphid performance, and by assessing the impact of the resistance factors on different aphid developmental stages and on alate morph production. Detailed aphid performance was obtained by measuring fecundity, survival, percentage of nymphs that reached adult moult, and population growth using whole plant and clip cage experimental designs. Accession and plant physiological age, but not aphid developmental stage, influenced all life-history parameters, except for alate morph production which was not induced on the resistant accessions. Plant part influence was independent of plant species and accession. Both experimental designs resulted in congruent resistance levels at the accession level for each of the two aphid species, supporting the use of any of them in S. chomatophilum resistance screening. PI243340 was resistant to both aphid species, while PI365324 and PI310990 were also resistant to M. euphorbiae and M. persicae, respectively.
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role of xylem consumption on osmoregulation in Macrosiphum euphorbiae thomas
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2010Co-Authors: Julien Pompon, Dan T Quiring, Philippe Giordanengo, Yvan PelletierAbstract:Aphids are phloem feeders that occasionally ingest xylem sap. The duration of xylem consumption by Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was positively correlated with the level of dehydration of alate aphids of different ages after a period of starvation, supporting the hypothesis that aphids ingest xylem sap to replenish their water balance. However, the duration of xylem sap ingestion but not phloem sap consumption varied in unstarved alate adults of different ages. Furthermore, both alate and apterous aphids ingested xylem sap at the end of their life, when aphids were not dehydrated but when fecundity started to decrease. Fecundity was negatively correlated with the proportion of time spent ingesting xylem sap, and that over the entire reproductive life of alate and apterous aphids. The lower proportion of xylem ingested by apterous than by alate aphids during the first few days of adult life may be related to a higher symbiont density in apterous morphs. As previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between sucrose assimilation, which is directly influenced by fecundity and symbiont density, and osmoregulation, we suggest that xylem consumption may play a role in the osmoregulation of haemolymph of aphids.
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biological performance of myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae homoptera aphididae on seven wild solanum species
Annals of Applied Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Julien Pompon, Yvan Pelletier, P Dexter, Dan T QuiringAbstract:Resistance level of seven accessions of wild Solanum species (Solanaceae) to Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Homoptera: Aphididae) was evaluated by measuring survival and fecundity during sleeve cage experiments and population growth on whole plants in a controlled environment. The survival was lowest on the Solanum circaeifolium spp. capsicibaccatum, Solanum pinnatisectum and Solanum trifidum accessions for M. persicae and on the S. circaeifolium spp. capsicibaccatum, Solanum okadae and S. trifidum, accessions with M. euphorbiae. Plant species significantly influenced the fecundity of both aphid species. Aphid population growth on whole plants was negatively affected by the age of the plant, but generally followed the levels of net reproductive rate on different plant species observed during the sleeve cage experiment. The population of M. persicae varied among the seven wild potato accessions with the lowest growth rates on S. circaeifolium spp. capsicibaccatum, Solanum polyadenium, Solanum tarijense and S. trifidum. The number of M. euphorbiae also varied among accessions but the smallest population was collected from S. polyadenium. The results can be used to identify sources of resistance to aphids within those accessions already known to be resistant to the Colorado potato beetle. This study highlights the difficulties involved in developing a high-throughput screening test for aphid resistance compatible with a potato breeding programme.
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use of reciprocal grafts to elucidate mode of resistance to colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata say and potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae thomas in six wild solanum species
American Journal of Potato Research, 2004Co-Authors: Yvan Pelletier, Catherine ClarkAbstract:Reciprocal grafts were done between potato (Solanum tuberosum) and six wildSolanum species known to be resistant to the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)). Potato or wildSolanum foliage from each reciprocal graft was fed to first instar beetles or adult potato aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas)). The proportion of second instar larvae after 48 h and survival and fecundity (number of nymphs per female) of the aphids were used to i estimate the resistance level of the foliage. Survival and fecundity of potato aphid were reduced on wildSolanum foliage (except withS. circaeifolium ssp.capsicibaccatum andS. okadae) used as scion or rootstock, but were not different from the control (potato-potato graft) on potato foliage. Development of Colorado potato beetle onSolanum foliage was reduced. In some cases, potato foliage grafted to wildSolanum became resistant to the beetle. Results suggest that a chemical factor or factors providing resistance to Colorado potato beetle are translocated from foliage of some wildSolanum species to potato foliage. They also indicate that mode of resistance to the two insects differs quantitatively or qualitatively.
Emilio Guerrieri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unintended effects of a Phytophtora-resistant cisgenic potato clone on the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae and its parasitoid Aphidius ervi
Journal of Pest Science, 2018Co-Authors: Pasquale Cascone, M. Radkova, S. Arpaia, S. Errico, R. A. Magarelli, Dimitar Djilianov, L A P Lotz, Emilio GuerrieriAbstract:Genetically modified (GM) plants may show unintended differences compared to the original varieties, due to the modification process. Such differences might in some cases affect non-target organisms linked to the crop into an agro-ecosystem. In this paper, we aimed to study interactions of two blight-resistant GM potato clones with the aphid species Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, a non-target arthropod frequently feeding on potato plants and one of the major pests of that crop. One of the potato events used in our experiments caused an increased fertility of the aphids in the first generation, and consequently, a positive effect on the growth of the aphid population was estimated. When a second generation of the aphid was reared on potato leaves of the same GM event, differences in aphid fertility were no longer observed. Behavioural studies conducted in a wind tunnel using the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday indicated that neither of the two tested GM varieties had a significant effect on the attractiveness of potato plants towards the parasitoid . In planta tests proved to be sensitive protocols to detect unintended effects on a non-target arthropod; experimental results, however, indicate that these effects are not expected to be biologically relevant in this tritrophic system, if these GM events become available for commercial use in the future.
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tomato below ground above ground interactions trichoderma longibrachiatum affects the performance of Macrosiphum euphorbiae and its natural antagonists
Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions, 2013Co-Authors: Donatella Battaglia, Pasquale Cascone, Emilio Guerrieri, Paolo Fanti, Simone Bossi, Maria Cristina Digilio, Juliana Duran Prieto, Luigi Iodice, Guido Lingua, Matteo LoritoAbstract:Below ground and above ground plant–insect–microorganism interactions are complex and regulate most of the developmental responses of important crop plants such as tomato. We investigated the influence of root colonization by a nonmycorrhizal plant-growth-promoting fungus on direct and indirect defenses of tomato plant against aphids. The multitrophic system included the plant Solanum lycopersicum (‘San Marzano nano’), the root-associated biocontrol fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain MK1, the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (a tomato pest), the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi, and the aphid predator Macrolophus pygmaeus. Laboratory bioassays were performed to assess the effect of T. longibrachiatum MK1, interacting with the tomato plant, on quantity and quality of volatile organic compounds (VOC) released by tomato plant, aphid development and reproduction, parasitoid behavior, and predator behavior and development. When compared with the uncolonized controls, plants whose roots were colonized by T. lo...
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tomato below ground above ground interactions trichoderma longibrachiatum affects the performance of Macrosiphum euphorbiae and its natural antagonists
Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions, 2013Co-Authors: Donatella Battaglia, Pasquale Cascone, Emilio Guerrieri, Paolo Fanti, Simone Bossi, Maria Cristina Digilio, Juliana Duran Prieto, Luigi Iodice, Guido Lingua, Matteo LoritoAbstract:Below ground and above ground plant-insect-microorganism interactions are complex and regulate most of the developmental responses of important crop plants such as tomato. We investigated the influence of root colonization by a nonmycorrhizal plant-growth-promoting fungus on direct and indirect defenses of tomato plant against aphids. The multitrophic system included the plant Solanum lycopersicum ('San Marzano nano'), the root-associated biocontrol fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain MK1, the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (a tomato pest), the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi, and the aphid predator Macrolophus pygmaeus. Laboratory bioassays were performed to assess the effect of T. longibrachiatum MK1, interacting with the tomato plant, on quantity and quality of volatile organic compounds (VOC) released by tomato plant, aphid development and reproduction, parasitoid behavior, and predator behavior and development. When compared with the uncolonized controls, plants whose roots were colonized by T. longibrachiatum MK1 showed quantitative differences in the release of specific VOC, better aphid population growth indices, a higher attractiveness toward the aphid parasitoid and the aphid predator, and a quicker development of aphid predator. These findings support the development of novel strategies of integrated control of aphid pests. The species-specific or strain-specific characteristics of these below ground-above ground interactions remain to be assessed.
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interactions between bt expressing tomato and non target insects the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae and its natural enemies
Journal of Plant Interactions, 2012Co-Authors: Maria Cristina Digilio, Luigi Iodice, Raffaele Sasso, M G Di Leo, M M Monti, R Santeramo, Salvatore Arpaia, Emilio GuerrieriAbstract:Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner toxins are highly specific in terms of insect pest targeted. For example, Cry3Bb is active against Coleoptera. As a consequence, in the framework of using genetically modified plants expressing different Bt toxins in sustainable agriculture, there is a growing interest about the impact of these crops on the environment and on non-target organisms. The effects of genetically modified Bt-tomato plants expressing the toxin Cry3Bb on the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) and its natural enemies, the generalist predator Macrolophus caliginosus Wagner and the endoparasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi Haliday, were assessed under laboratory conditions. No significant differences between performance of M. euphorbiae were observed on genetically modified tomato plants (line UC82Bt) with respect to their near-isogenic control line (line UC82). Immunoassays did not detect Cry3Bb protein in M. euphorbiae developing on Bt-expressing tomato plants. Similarly, no significant differences were ...
Isgouhi Kaloshian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in planta expression or delivery of potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae effectors me10 and me23 enhances aphid fecundity
Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions, 2013Co-Authors: Hagop S Atamian, Ritu Chaudhary, Valeriano Dal Cin, Ergude Bao, Thomas Girke, Isgouhi KaloshianAbstract:The interactions between aphids and their host plants seem to be analogous to those of plant-microbial pathogens. Unlike microbial pathogen effectors, little is known about aphid effectors and their ability to interfere with host immunity. To date, only three functional aphid effectors have been reported. To identify potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) effectors, we developed a salivary gland transcriptome using Illumina technology. We generated 85 million Illumina reads from salivary glands and assembled them into 646 contigs. Ab initio sequence analysis predicted secretion signal peptides in 24% of these sequences, suggesting that they might be secreted into the plant during aphid feeding. Eight of these candidate effectors with secretion signal peptides were functionally characterized using Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Two candidate effectors, Me10 and Me23, increased aphid fecundity, suggesting their ability to suppress N. benthamiana defenses...
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in planta expression or delivery of potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae effectors me10 and me23 enhances aphid fecundity
Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions, 2013Co-Authors: Hagop S Atamian, Ritu Chaudhary, Valeriano Dal Cin, Ergude Bao, Thomas Girke, Isgouhi KaloshianAbstract:The interactions between aphids and their host plants seem to be analogous to those of plant-microbial pathogens. Unlike microbial pathogen effectors, little is known about aphid effectors and their ability to interfere with host immunity. To date, only three functional aphid effectors have been reported. To identify potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) effectors, we developed a salivary gland transcriptome using Illumina technology. We generated 85 million Illumina reads from salivary glands and assembled them into 646 contigs. Ab initio sequence analysis predicted secretion signal peptides in 24% of these sequences, suggesting that they might be secreted into the plant during aphid feeding. Eight of these candidate effectors with secretion signal peptides were functionally characterized using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Two candidate effectors, Me10 and Me23, increased aphid fecundity, suggesting their ability to suppress N. benthamiana defenses. Five of these candidate effectors, including Me10 and Me23, were also analyzed in tomato by delivering them through the Pseudomonas syringae type three secretion system. In tomato, only Me10 increased aphid fecundity. This work identified two additional aphid effectors with ability to manipulate the host for their advantage.
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mi mediated resistance against the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae hemiptera aphididae limits sieve element ingestion
Environmental Entomology, 2000Co-Authors: Isgouhi Kaloshian, Marv G Kinsey, Valerie M Williamson, Diane E UllmanAbstract:The effect of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) resistance gene, Mi, on the feeding behavior of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), was studied using an AC electronic monitoring system. Aphids were monitored for at least 16 h on nearly isogenic tomato lines, and we observed waveforms corresponding to the stylet pathway phase, sieve element and nonphloem phase. The time to the first probe was not significantly different between resistant and susceptible tomato lines, indicating that leaf surface components were not involved in the resistance. Also, time to the first sieve element contact, as indicated by the sieve element phase waveform, was not significantly different, indicating that aphids were able to locate the sieve element equally well on resistant and susceptible lines. However, the duration of the sieve element phase was 7- to 10-fold longer on susceptible plants than on resistant plants. The insect also made more frequent and briefer probes on resistant tomato than on susceptible tomato. These results indicate that the mechanism of resistance mediated by Mi involves limitation of the duration of the sieve element phase, and salivation and ingestion of phloem fluids associated with it.
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the impact of meu1 mediated resistance in tomato on longevity fecundity and behavior of the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 1997Co-Authors: Isgouhi Kaloshian, Marv G Kinsey, Diane E Ullman, Valerie M WilliamsonAbstract:The effect of the tomato resistance gene, Meu1, on feeding, longevity, fecundity and developmental rate of the pink biotype of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera, Aphididae), was determined using nearly isogenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, Solanaceae) lines. Aphid mortality was significantly higher on resistant plants, with 60% of the aphids dying by the 4th day of exposure. By the 10th day, all the aphids on the resistant plants were dead whereas 100% of the aphids on susceptible plants were alive. Meu1-mediated resistance resulted in significantly decreased fecundity with a ten-fold decrease in the net fertility rate (4.5 and 45.7 progeny per aphid on resistant and susceptible tomato, respectively). A qualitative analysis showed that honeydew was produced by aphids on resistant and susceptible plants, suggesting that aphids initiate feeding on both plant types. However, significantly lower quantities of honeydew were present when aphids were caged on resistant plants. There were also significant differences in aphid location on resistant and susceptible leaves. Experiments evaluating behavior in less than 24 h showed that aphids left resistant leaves after relatively short exposure (3–6 h). Aphids transferred from resistant to susceptible tomato at intervals between 3 h and 24 h resumed feeding as evidenced by presence of honeydew. Although the mechanism by which Meu1-mediated resistance operates is not yet known, our data suggest that resistance factors act rapidly after initiation of feeding and that lower fecundity and longevity are related to reduction in aphid feeding.
Donatella Battaglia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the age of tomato plants affects the development of Macrosiphum euphorbiae thomas 1878 hemiptera colonies
Agronomía Colombiana, 2021Co-Authors: Vincenzo Trotta, Irene Toma, Paolo Fanti, Juliana Duran Prieto, Pierluigi Forlano, Donatella BattagliaAbstract:We tested the hypothesis that the intensity and duration of Macrosiphum euphorbiae infestations in tomato depend on both the age (phenological stage) of the host plant and the initial number of aphids present in the colony. We compared the effects of three initial levels of infestation and two phenological stages of the plant (pre-flowering and flowering stages) on infestation curves. The position of the infestation peak over time was significantly affected by the plant phenological phase. Populations of M. euphorbiae reached the highest peak of abundance on plants infested at the pre-flowering stage compared to those subsequently infested. Within a phenological phase, the maximum abundance also varied according to the initial aphid density on the plant. The implications concerning the management of the pest in the field are briefly discussed
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Relation between plant water status and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) population dynamics on three cultivars of tomato
European Journal of Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Anna Rita Rivelli, Vincenzo Trotta, Irene Toma, Paolo Fanti, Donatella BattagliaAbstract:Deficit irrigation scheduling is used to increase the efficiency with which water is used in many crops including tomato, however a water deficit is predicted to favour phloem feeding insects. We tested if and how different cultivars of tomato grown under water deficit conditions affect the population growth of the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Three tomato cultivars (Scintilla, Beefmaster and Rio Grande) were used in the experiments. The results for three watering regimes were compared with those of a control, which was well watered every three days: stressed plants received one third of the water supplied to the control over each three-day interval (experiment 1); stressed plants received a gradually decreasing amount of water (100% at the first watering and then 80%, 60%, 50%, 40% and 20%) every three days (experiment 2); stressed plants received the same amount of water as the con- trol but at longer intervals, that is when evident signs of wilting appeared (experiment 3). The results showed that water stress either enhanced, had an adverse effect or had no effect on aphid population growth, depending on the cultivar and watering regime. No dif- ference was recorded in the population dynamics of M. euphorbiae feeding on Beefmaster tomato plants subjected to different levels of water stress. In the case of the cultivar Scintilla, live aphids were less abundant on stressed plants than on well watered ones in experiment 1 and 3 but not in experiment 2. The highest variability in aphid population dynamics on the plants grown under the dif- ferent water stress protocols was recorded on the cultivar Rio Grande. In experiment 1, the initial peak in aphid numbers was higher on the water stressed plants than on the control and then decreased to lower numbers than on the control. In experiment 2, there were no differences in the numbers of aphids infesting stressed and control plants. In experiment 3, there were fewer aphids on stressed than on control plants after six days, as in experiment 1, but there was no initial peak in aphid numbers.
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tomato below ground above ground interactions trichoderma longibrachiatum affects the performance of Macrosiphum euphorbiae and its natural antagonists
Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions, 2013Co-Authors: Donatella Battaglia, Pasquale Cascone, Emilio Guerrieri, Paolo Fanti, Simone Bossi, Maria Cristina Digilio, Juliana Duran Prieto, Luigi Iodice, Guido Lingua, Matteo LoritoAbstract:Below ground and above ground plant–insect–microorganism interactions are complex and regulate most of the developmental responses of important crop plants such as tomato. We investigated the influence of root colonization by a nonmycorrhizal plant-growth-promoting fungus on direct and indirect defenses of tomato plant against aphids. The multitrophic system included the plant Solanum lycopersicum (‘San Marzano nano’), the root-associated biocontrol fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain MK1, the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (a tomato pest), the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi, and the aphid predator Macrolophus pygmaeus. Laboratory bioassays were performed to assess the effect of T. longibrachiatum MK1, interacting with the tomato plant, on quantity and quality of volatile organic compounds (VOC) released by tomato plant, aphid development and reproduction, parasitoid behavior, and predator behavior and development. When compared with the uncolonized controls, plants whose roots were colonized by T. lo...
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tomato below ground above ground interactions trichoderma longibrachiatum affects the performance of Macrosiphum euphorbiae and its natural antagonists
Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions, 2013Co-Authors: Donatella Battaglia, Pasquale Cascone, Emilio Guerrieri, Paolo Fanti, Simone Bossi, Maria Cristina Digilio, Juliana Duran Prieto, Luigi Iodice, Guido Lingua, Matteo LoritoAbstract:Below ground and above ground plant-insect-microorganism interactions are complex and regulate most of the developmental responses of important crop plants such as tomato. We investigated the influence of root colonization by a nonmycorrhizal plant-growth-promoting fungus on direct and indirect defenses of tomato plant against aphids. The multitrophic system included the plant Solanum lycopersicum ('San Marzano nano'), the root-associated biocontrol fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain MK1, the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (a tomato pest), the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi, and the aphid predator Macrolophus pygmaeus. Laboratory bioassays were performed to assess the effect of T. longibrachiatum MK1, interacting with the tomato plant, on quantity and quality of volatile organic compounds (VOC) released by tomato plant, aphid development and reproduction, parasitoid behavior, and predator behavior and development. When compared with the uncolonized controls, plants whose roots were colonized by T. longibrachiatum MK1 showed quantitative differences in the release of specific VOC, better aphid population growth indices, a higher attractiveness toward the aphid parasitoid and the aphid predator, and a quicker development of aphid predator. These findings support the development of novel strategies of integrated control of aphid pests. The species-specific or strain-specific characteristics of these below ground-above ground interactions remain to be assessed.
Faten Raboudi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biochemical and molecular analysis of the pirimicarb effect on acetylcholinesterase resistance in tunisian populations of potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae hemiptera aphididae
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2012Co-Authors: Faten Raboudi, Hanem Makni, Sami Fattouch, Mohamed MakniAbstract:Abstract Mutation in the gene encoding the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae , associated with resistance to a carbamate insecticide has been characterized. One point mutation producing modification in the predicted amino acid sequence of the product of the M. euphorbiae ace1 gene in resistant vs. susceptible strains has been identified. This modification occurs at one site that is identical to mutation previously described for another aphid species Aphis gossypii . The results obtained here also suggest that the widespread use of carbamate insecticides will likely lead to a predictable acquisition of resistance in wild populations of M. euphorbiae as well as other pest species. For surveys of M. euphorbiae populations that may develop resistance, diagnostic tests using PCR-RFLP based methods for detecting the presence of this mutation in individuals are described.
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spatial and temporal genetic variation in tunisian field populations of Macrosiphum euphorbiae thomas
Environmental Entomology, 2012Co-Authors: Faten Raboudi, Hanem Makni, P Chavigny, F M Vanlerberghe, Mohamed MakniAbstract:ABSTRACT The potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) is a major pest of several economic crops in Tunisia. Using 10 microsatellites, we analyzed five populations of M. euphorbiae sampled during the 2004–2005 solanaceous and cucurbit season (April through September) from five geographic origins. From 235 aphids, 61 different multilocus genotypes were identified of which three genotypes MLG1, MLG2, and MLG42 were predominant on all host plants and regions. MLG1 and MLG2 genotypes were detected in 2004 and did not reappear in spring 2005, while the genotype MLG42 was detected only in 2005. All populations showed significant deviation from Hardy—Weinberg equilibrium even in data sets including one individual per genotype, χ 2 independence tests and analysis of molecular variance showed no significant differentiation among populations collected on different host plant and from different geographic origin, but differences between populations from two successive years were significant. Factorial component a...
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genetic diversity of potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae populations in tunisia detected by rapd
African Entomology, 2011Co-Authors: Faten Raboudi, Hanem Makni, Mohamed MakniAbstract:In this study, the genetic structure of 15 populations of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (Hemiptera: Aphididae), from Tunisia was characterized using RAPD markers. Five decameric random primers revealed 113 polymorphic loci that were used to estimate population structure with an average of 22.6 polymorphic bands per primer. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed significant (P < 0.001) genetic diversity among populations (78.16 %) rather than within populations (21.84 %) that has been confirmed by Fst and Nm values. A cluster analysis based on genetic distance revealed that the 15 populations were divided into three groups. Populations from the south were differentiated into one group irrespective of host plant, whereas the other populations were distributed between two groups independently of the geographic origin and host plant. These results represent the first evidence for genetic structuring in M. euphorbiae.
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Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the aphid species Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Hemiptera : Aphididae)
Molecular Ecology Notes, 2005Co-Authors: Faten Raboudi, Pascal Chavigny, M. Marrakchi, H. Makni, M. Makni, Flavie Vanlerberghe-masuttiAbstract:Fourteen microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, by screening a genomic library with the oligonucleotide probes (GA)(10) (GT)(10) and (GATA)(4). Allelic diversity was estimated in samples collected from potato fields in Tunisia. Ten loci displayed polymorphism that ranged from two to four alleles per locus and the observed heterozygosity ranged from zero to one. These markers could be used to study the population genetic structure of this polyphagous aphid species.
