The Experts below are selected from a list of 98946 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christian Gortázar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
new techniques for an old disease sarcoptic Mange in the iberian wolf
Veterinary Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Alvaro Oleaga, Alfonso Hartasanchez, Alejandro Espi, Ana Balseiro, Rosa Casais, Luis Llaneza, Christian GortázarAbstract:Sarcoptic Mange, a parasitic skin infection caused by the burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei, has been reported in over 100 mammals, including humans. In endangered species, Mange causes conservation concerns because it may decimate isolated populations and contribute to extinction. The Iberian Peninsula still maintains one of the largest wolf (Canis lupus) populations in Europe. In Iberia, sarcoptic Mange is endemic in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and the first confirmed wolf Mange cases were recently reported. However, knowledge on S. scabiei in wolves is scarce because of the sampling difficulties inherent to research on scarce species. In order to describe wolf Mange epidemiology and to infer conservation implications, this study combined traditional laboratory techniques with the revision of wolf carcass pictures taken by field biologists and original information obtained by camera trapping. A total of 125 necropsies and 8783 camera-trap days allowed insights into wolf Mange epidemiology between 2003 and 2010. Living Sarcoptes mites were detected in 19% of the fresh carcasses. Alopecic (delayed) type IV hypersensitive response reactions were observed, while parakeratotic lesions were infrequent. The number of mites isolated per wolf ranged from 1 to 78, and had a negative correlation with the percentage of alopecic skin. No effect by sex on Mange prevalence was found. Yearlings showed a lower probability to present Mange-compatible lesions than pups or adults. Wolves with Mange-compatible lesions had a lower kidney fat index than apparently healthy ones. ELISA testing of 88 sera yielded an antibody prevalence of 20%. Photo-trapping recorded Mange-compatible lesions since 2003 with a peak in 2008. The percentage of wolves with Mange-compatible lesions registered in camera-traps during 1 year correlated with the percentage of red foxes with lesions in the previous year. This is the first large survey on sarcoptic Mange in the Iberian wolf. Necropsy data, with alopecia as the main feature and a slight effect on body condition, and trends derived from camera trapping coincided in showing a rather low prevalence and an apparently stable situation of the disease and its host, suggesting that this parasite is currently not a major threat for this wolf population. However, more information is needed in order to assess the effect of Mange on aspects such as pup survival.
-
sarcoptic Mange in red deer from spain improved surveillance or disease emergence
Veterinary Parasitology, 2008Co-Authors: Alvaro Oleaga, Rosa Casais, Pablo Gonzalezquiros, Miguel Prieto, Christian GortázarAbstract:Concern about emerging diseases has risen in recent years, and multihost situations have become increasingly relevant for wildlife management and conservation. We present data on Asturias, northern Spain, where 80 mangy red deer (Cervus elaphus) have been found since the beginning of the epizootic in chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) in 1993. We combine field and necropsy data with the results of a serosurvey using an in-house ELISA test to evaluate if deer Mange due to Sarcoptes scabiei is an emerging disease in this area. The mean number of deer Mange cases per year was 5, with a maximum of 16. No significant relationship was detected between monthly temperatures, rainfall or number of days with snow cover and the annual number of sarcoptic Mange cases in red deer. Only 4 mangy red deer (5%) were detected outside the limits of scabietic chamois distribution during the same year, and all were less than 2500 m away from that limit. The longest distance reported between two consecutive mangy deer locations was 18 km. Mange cases were significantly more frequent in stags than in hinds and in adults than in juvenile deer. The time of the first Mange detection in chamois in each sector, year with minimum number of chamois recorded, year with maximum chamois population decline rate and chamois density offered no significant correlation with red deer Mange cases appearance moment and frequency. In the Mange affected area, ELISA testing of 327 blood samples from hunter-harvested deer without obvious Mange-compatible lesions revealed only 4 seropositive animals. All 83 sera from hunting preserves without clinical cases yielded negative ELISA results. According to these epidemiological data Mange does not seem to threaten red deer populations in Asturias. However, continued monitoring of deer health and ELISA testing for sarcoptic Mange is advisable.
-
sarcoptic Mange in two roe deer capreolus capreolus from northern spain
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2008Co-Authors: Alvaro Oleaga, Ana Balseiro, Christian GortázarAbstract:Sarcoptic Mange, a disease shared with domestic goat and sheep, affects chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) in northern Spain. Recent evidences suggest that Mange may be emerging among deer in this region. This communication describes two cases of fatal sarcoptic Mange affecting roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) stags in Asturias (Northern Spain) in 2006. Both animals were in poor body condition and no significant lesions other than those caused by the mites were observed. Alopecia, along with cutaneous crusts and hyperkeratosis were present in head, neck, trunk, and legs, affecting almost all the body surface. Numerous Sarcoptes scabiei mites were isolated from the skin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of fatal sarcoptic Mange in European roe deer.
-
enzootic sarcoptic Mange in red foxes in spain
Zeitschrift Fur Jagdwissenschaft, 1998Co-Authors: Christian Gortázar, Rafael Villafuerte, Juan Carlos Blanco, D FernandezdelucoAbstract:This paper describes the distribution and epizootiology of red fox sarcoptic Mange in Spain and discusses the impact of the enzootic disease on free-living fox populations. Mange distribution and trends in red fox abundance were studied in the whole Spanish mainland through direct interviews with hunters or game-keepers. In the Ebro Valley study area, fox carcasses were collected for necropsy and field data were obtained during spotlight-censuses. Mange was detected in 70 (22.5%) out of 311 localities surveyed. The analysis of log-linear parameters showed that declining fox populations were associated with Mange more often than random. Overall prevalence of foxes with Mange-compatible lesions in a sample of 728 (mostly shot) fox carcasses was 3.16 ± 1.3%, the prevalence of mangy foxes varying with habitat characteristics. However, in local populations of the study area, Mange showed prevalences of up to 23.1% and was apparently not compensated by other mortality factors.
Kjell Handeland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
long term study of sarcoptes scabiei infection in norwegian red foxes vulpes vulpes indicating host parasite adaptation
Veterinary Parasitology, 2008Co-Authors: Rebecca K Davidson, Set Bornstein, Kjell HandelandAbstract:Abstract The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population, in Norway, was naive to Sarcoptes scabiei prior to the late 1970s when this parasite was first recorded and a still ongoing epidemic started. During the course of this protracted epidemic some degree of host/parasite adaptation, with the occurrence of healthy antibody positive foxes, might be expected. In the present study the prevalence of sarcoptic Mange and serologically identified S. scabiei exposure was investigated in 363 Norwegian red foxes, shot by hunters during two different study periods (1994–1995 and 2002–2005). The sarcoptic Mange diagnosis was based upon the presence of clearly visible lesions in the skin of the cadaver with confirmatory demonstration of S. scabiei. The serodiagnosis was based on an indirect-ELISA. There was a significant decrease in prevalence of both Mange cases and seropositive animals from the first to the second study period. Whilst the Mange prevalence fell more than threefold, from 30.0% to 6.6%, the seroprevalence dropped less dramatically from 53.3% to 19.1%. The smaller decrease in seroprevalence compared to Mange cases reflected a significantly higher ratio of seropositive-Mange negative versus seropositive-Mange positive foxes, during the second study period, 40:18, compared to the first, 14:18. These findings indicate that the red fox population is adapting to live with the parasite and that low-grade or sub-clinical infections, and even recoveries, occur amongst exposed foxes. Mange positive foxes had significantly poorer body condition than those without sarcoptic Mange. No significant difference in body condition was seen between seropositive-Mange negative versus seronegative-Mange negative foxes. The ELISA sensitivity was found to be 95% and proved a useful tool for investigating the exposure to S. scabiei in wild foxes. This study is believed to be the first pointing to a long-term Sarcoptes/fox adaptation, combining long-term prevalence studies of clinical sarcoptic Mange and serological evidence of exposure to the parasite in the general fox population.
-
long term study of sarcoptes scabiei infection in norwegian red foxes vulpes vulpes indicating host parasite adaptation
Veterinary Parasitology, 2008Co-Authors: Rebecca K Davidson, Set Bornstein, Kjell HandelandAbstract:Abstract The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population, in Norway, was naive to Sarcoptes scabiei prior to the late 1970s when this parasite was first recorded and a still ongoing epidemic started. During the course of this protracted epidemic some degree of host/parasite adaptation, with the occurrence of healthy antibody positive foxes, might be expected. In the present study the prevalence of sarcoptic Mange and serologically identified S. scabiei exposure was investigated in 363 Norwegian red foxes, shot by hunters during two different study periods (1994–1995 and 2002–2005). The sarcoptic Mange diagnosis was based upon the presence of clearly visible lesions in the skin of the cadaver with confirmatory demonstration of S. scabiei. The serodiagnosis was based on an indirect-ELISA. There was a significant decrease in prevalence of both Mange cases and seropositive animals from the first to the second study period. Whilst the Mange prevalence fell more than threefold, from 30.0% to 6.6%, the seroprevalence dropped less dramatically from 53.3% to 19.1%. The smaller decrease in seroprevalence compared to Mange cases reflected a significantly higher ratio of seropositive-Mange negative versus seropositive-Mange positive foxes, during the second study period, 40:18, compared to the first, 14:18. These findings indicate that the red fox population is adapting to live with the parasite and that low-grade or sub-clinical infections, and even recoveries, occur amongst exposed foxes. Mange positive foxes had significantly poorer body condition than those without sarcoptic Mange. No significant difference in body condition was seen between seropositive-Mange negative versus seronegative-Mange negative foxes. The ELISA sensitivity was found to be 95% and proved a useful tool for investigating the exposure to S. scabiei in wild foxes. This study is believed to be the first pointing to a long-term Sarcoptes/fox adaptation, combining long-term prevalence studies of clinical sarcoptic Mange and serological evidence of exposure to the parasite in the general fox population.
-
Long-term study of Sarcoptes scabiei infection in Norwegian red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) indicating host/parasite adaptation.
Veterinary parasitology, 2008Co-Authors: Rebecca K Davidson, Set Bornstein, Kjell HandelandAbstract:The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population, in Norway, was naïve to Sarcoptes scabiei prior to the late 1970s when this parasite was first recorded and a still ongoing epidemic started. During the course of this protracted epidemic some degree of host/parasite adaptation, with the occurrence of healthy antibody positive foxes, might be expected. In the present study the prevalence of sarcoptic Mange and serologically identified S. scabiei exposure was investigated in 363 Norwegian red foxes, shot by hunters during two different study periods (1994-1995 and 2002-2005). The sarcoptic Mange diagnosis was based upon the presence of clearly visible lesions in the skin of the cadaver with confirmatory demonstration of S. scabiei. The serodiagnosis was based on an indirect-ELISA. There was a significant decrease in prevalence of both Mange cases and seropositive animals from the first to the second study period. Whilst the Mange prevalence fell more than threefold, from 30.0% to 6.6%, the seroprevalence dropped less dramatically from 53.3% to 19.1%. The smaller decrease in seroprevalence compared to Mange cases reflected a significantly higher ratio of seropositive-Mange negative versus seropositive-Mange positive foxes, during the second study period, 40:18, compared to the first, 14:18. These findings indicate that the red fox population is adapting to live with the parasite and that low-grade or sub-clinical infections, and even recoveries, occur amongst exposed foxes. Mange positive foxes had significantly poorer body condition than those without sarcoptic Mange. No significant difference in body condition was seen between seropositive-Mange negative versus seronegative-Mange negative foxes. The ELISA sensitivity was found to be 95% and proved a useful tool for investigating the exposure to S. scabiei in wild foxes. This study is believed to be the first pointing to a long-term Sarcoptes/fox adaptation, combining long-term prevalence studies of clinical sarcoptic Mange and serological evidence of exposure to the parasite in the general fox population.
Francis Gakuya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
sarcoptic Mange an emerging panzootic in wildlife
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2021Co-Authors: Luis E Escobar, Kevin D. Niedringhaus, Scott Carver, Paul C Cross, Luca Rossi, Emily S Almberg, Michael J Yabsley, Peach Van Wick, Ernesto Dominguezvillegas, Francis GakuyaAbstract:Sarcoptic Mange, a skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, is an emerging disease for some species of wildlife, potentially jeopardizing their welfare and conservation. Sarcoptes scabiei has a near-global distribution facilitated by its forms of transmission and use of a large diversity of host species (many of those with broad geographic distribution). In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge concerning the geographic and host taxonomic distribution of Mange in wildlife, the epidemiological connections between species, and the potential threat of sarcoptic Mange for wildlife conservation. Recent sarcoptic Mange outbreaks in wildlife appear to demonstrate ongoing geographic spread, increase in the number of hosts and increased virulence. Sarcoptic Mange has been reported in at least 12 orders, 39 families and 148 species of domestic and wild mammals, making it one of the most generalist ectoparasites of mammals. Taxonomically, the orders with most species found infested so far include Perissodactyla (67% species from the entire order), Artiodactyla (47%), and Diprotodontia (67% from this order). This suggests that new species from these mammal orders are likely to suffer cross-species transmission and be reported positive to sarcoptic Mange as surveillance improves. We propose a new agenda for the study of sarcoptic Mange in wildlife, including the study of the global phylogeography of S. scabiei, linkages between ecological host traits and sarcoptic Mange susceptibility, immunology of individuals and species, development of control strategies in wildlife outbreaks and the effects of global environmental change in the sarcoptic Mange system. The ongoing transmission globally and sustained spread among areas and wildlife species make sarcoptic Mange an emerging panzootic in wildlife. A better understanding of sarcoptic Mange could illuminate the aspects of ecological and evolutionary drivers in cross-species transmission for many emerging diseases.
-
Sarcoptic Mange: An Emerging Panzootic in Wildlife.
Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2021Co-Authors: Luis E Escobar, Kevin D. Niedringhaus, Scott Carver, Paul C Cross, Luca Rossi, Emily S Almberg, Michael J Yabsley, Peach Van Wick, Ernesto Dominguez-villegas, Francis GakuyaAbstract:Sarcoptic Mange, a skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, is an emerging disease for some species of wildlife, potentially jeopardizing their welfare and conservation. Sarcoptes scabiei has a near-global distribution facilitated by its forms of transmission and use of a large diversity of host species (many of those with broad geographic distribution). In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge concerning the geographic and host taxonomic distribution of Mange in wildlife, the epidemiological connections between species, and the potential threat of sarcoptic Mange for wildlife conservation. Recent sarcoptic Mange outbreaks in wildlife appear to demonstrate ongoing geographic, increase in the number of hosts, and increased virulence. Sarcoptic Mange has been reported in at least 12 Orders, 39 Families, and 148 species of domestic and wild mammals, making it one of the most generalist ectoparasites of mammals. Taxonomically, ungulates (Perissodactyla=67%, Artiodactyla=47%) and marsupials (Diprotodontia=67%) are the mammal groups with the highest percentage of susceptible host species with evidence of cross-species transmission in many of them. We propose a new agenda for the study of sarcoptic Mange in wildlife, including the study of the global phylogeography of S. scabiei, linkages between ecological host traits and sarcoptic Mange susceptibility, immunology of individuals and species, development of control strategies in wildlife outbreaks, and the effects of global environmental change on the sarcoptic Mange system. The ongoing transmission globally and sustained spread among areas and wildlife species make sarcoptic Mange an emerging panzootic in wildlife. A better understanding of sarcoptic Mange could illuminate aspects of ecological and evolutionary drivers in cross-species transmission for many emerging diseases.
Alvaro Oleaga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
new techniques for an old disease sarcoptic Mange in the iberian wolf
Veterinary Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Alvaro Oleaga, Alfonso Hartasanchez, Alejandro Espi, Ana Balseiro, Rosa Casais, Luis Llaneza, Christian GortázarAbstract:Sarcoptic Mange, a parasitic skin infection caused by the burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei, has been reported in over 100 mammals, including humans. In endangered species, Mange causes conservation concerns because it may decimate isolated populations and contribute to extinction. The Iberian Peninsula still maintains one of the largest wolf (Canis lupus) populations in Europe. In Iberia, sarcoptic Mange is endemic in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and the first confirmed wolf Mange cases were recently reported. However, knowledge on S. scabiei in wolves is scarce because of the sampling difficulties inherent to research on scarce species. In order to describe wolf Mange epidemiology and to infer conservation implications, this study combined traditional laboratory techniques with the revision of wolf carcass pictures taken by field biologists and original information obtained by camera trapping. A total of 125 necropsies and 8783 camera-trap days allowed insights into wolf Mange epidemiology between 2003 and 2010. Living Sarcoptes mites were detected in 19% of the fresh carcasses. Alopecic (delayed) type IV hypersensitive response reactions were observed, while parakeratotic lesions were infrequent. The number of mites isolated per wolf ranged from 1 to 78, and had a negative correlation with the percentage of alopecic skin. No effect by sex on Mange prevalence was found. Yearlings showed a lower probability to present Mange-compatible lesions than pups or adults. Wolves with Mange-compatible lesions had a lower kidney fat index than apparently healthy ones. ELISA testing of 88 sera yielded an antibody prevalence of 20%. Photo-trapping recorded Mange-compatible lesions since 2003 with a peak in 2008. The percentage of wolves with Mange-compatible lesions registered in camera-traps during 1 year correlated with the percentage of red foxes with lesions in the previous year. This is the first large survey on sarcoptic Mange in the Iberian wolf. Necropsy data, with alopecia as the main feature and a slight effect on body condition, and trends derived from camera trapping coincided in showing a rather low prevalence and an apparently stable situation of the disease and its host, suggesting that this parasite is currently not a major threat for this wolf population. However, more information is needed in order to assess the effect of Mange on aspects such as pup survival.
-
sarcoptic Mange in red deer from spain improved surveillance or disease emergence
Veterinary Parasitology, 2008Co-Authors: Alvaro Oleaga, Rosa Casais, Pablo Gonzalezquiros, Miguel Prieto, Christian GortázarAbstract:Concern about emerging diseases has risen in recent years, and multihost situations have become increasingly relevant for wildlife management and conservation. We present data on Asturias, northern Spain, where 80 mangy red deer (Cervus elaphus) have been found since the beginning of the epizootic in chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) in 1993. We combine field and necropsy data with the results of a serosurvey using an in-house ELISA test to evaluate if deer Mange due to Sarcoptes scabiei is an emerging disease in this area. The mean number of deer Mange cases per year was 5, with a maximum of 16. No significant relationship was detected between monthly temperatures, rainfall or number of days with snow cover and the annual number of sarcoptic Mange cases in red deer. Only 4 mangy red deer (5%) were detected outside the limits of scabietic chamois distribution during the same year, and all were less than 2500 m away from that limit. The longest distance reported between two consecutive mangy deer locations was 18 km. Mange cases were significantly more frequent in stags than in hinds and in adults than in juvenile deer. The time of the first Mange detection in chamois in each sector, year with minimum number of chamois recorded, year with maximum chamois population decline rate and chamois density offered no significant correlation with red deer Mange cases appearance moment and frequency. In the Mange affected area, ELISA testing of 327 blood samples from hunter-harvested deer without obvious Mange-compatible lesions revealed only 4 seropositive animals. All 83 sera from hunting preserves without clinical cases yielded negative ELISA results. According to these epidemiological data Mange does not seem to threaten red deer populations in Asturias. However, continued monitoring of deer health and ELISA testing for sarcoptic Mange is advisable.
-
sarcoptic Mange in two roe deer capreolus capreolus from northern spain
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2008Co-Authors: Alvaro Oleaga, Ana Balseiro, Christian GortázarAbstract:Sarcoptic Mange, a disease shared with domestic goat and sheep, affects chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) in northern Spain. Recent evidences suggest that Mange may be emerging among deer in this region. This communication describes two cases of fatal sarcoptic Mange affecting roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) stags in Asturias (Northern Spain) in 2006. Both animals were in poor body condition and no significant lesions other than those caused by the mites were observed. Alopecia, along with cutaneous crusts and hyperkeratosis were present in head, neck, trunk, and legs, affecting almost all the body surface. Numerous Sarcoptes scabiei mites were isolated from the skin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of fatal sarcoptic Mange in European roe deer.
Lee F Skerratt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
clinical response of captive common wombats vombatus ursinus infected with sarcoptes scabiei var wombati
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2003Co-Authors: Lee F SkerrattAbstract:Seven common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) were exposed and two of these were re-exposed to Sarcoptes scabiei var. wombati (Acari: Sarcoptidae). For wombats exposed for the first time, five exposed to 5,000 mites on their shoulder developed moderate to severe parakeratotic Mange after 11 wk compared with two given 1,000 mites that developed mild clinical signs of Mange after 11 wk. For re-exposed wombats, one of two given 5,000 mites developed mild parakeratotic Mange and the other developed severe parakeratotic Mange. Initial signs of Mange were erythema followed by parakeratosis, alopecia, excoriation and fissuring of parakeratotic crust and skin. Erythema usually became apparent within 14 days after exposure (DAE) or within 24 hrs of re-exposure. Parakeratosis was visible 14–21 DAE and alopecia first occurred 35–77 DAE. Clinical signs increased in severity over time and lesions spread slowly from the site of exposure. Mangy wombats scratched excessively, lost weight, and exhibited a significant neutrophil...
-
Sarcoptic Mange in the common wombat, Vombatus ursinus (Shaw, 1800).
2001Co-Authors: Lee F SkerrattAbstract:Sarcoptic Mange affects the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus) throughout its range. Prevalence of the disease is generally low, with less than 5% of wombats in a population affected. However, epizootics occur sporadically. Sarcoptic Mange is less prevalent in southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons) but may be widespread. Sarcoptic Mange has not been reported in the sole remaining population of northern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus krefftii) at Epping Forest, Queensland. Whilst Mange epizootics are sporadic, they have the potential to threaten the survival of small, remnant populations of wombats.
-
Current distribution of sarcoptic Mange in wombats.
Australian Veterinary Journal, 1998Co-Authors: R. W. Martin, Kathrine A. Handasyde, Lee F SkerrattAbstract:Objective To determine the distribution and prevalence of sarcoptic Mange in wombats, particularly the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus). Design Questionnaire survey in two parts. Procedure Questionnaires were distributed to biologists, rangers, animal carers and naturalists. Part 1 of the questionnaire aimed to determine the present distribution of sarcoptic Mange in wombats (103 responses). Part 2 invited respondents to assess the prevalence of sarcoptic Mange in wombats over a 3 month period (four responses). Information on wombats from 66 localities was received. Each locality represented an area of about 2500 km². Results Mange was observed at 93% of localities surveyed and Sarcoptes scabiei was present in common wombats at 52% of localities. Sarcoptic Mange was highly prevalent (22%) in two common wombat populations in Victoria. Anecdotal evidence suggested that Mange epizootics are sporadic, cause significant morbidity and mortality and have a substantial effect on local abundance. The respondents did not report sarcoptic Mange in either northern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus krefftii) or southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons). Conclusions Sarcoptic Mange occurs in common wombat populations throughout the range of the common wombat including Tasmania and Flinders Island. While Mange epizootics are sporadic, they have the potential to threaten the long-term survival of small, remnant populations.
