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Giovanna Cristina Varese - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fungal diversity in the neptune forest comparison of the mycobiota of posidonia oceanica flabellia petiolata and padina pavonica
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: A Poli, Giovanna Cristina Varese, Elena Bovio, Lucrezia Ranieri, Valeria Paola PrigioneAbstract:Fungi are widely distributed in the Oceans, interact with other organisms and play roles that range from pathogenic to mutualistic. The present work focuses on the characterization of the cultivable mycobiota associated with the seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile collected off the Elba Island (Italy). We identified 102 taxa (mainly Ascomycota) by the mean of a polyphasic approach. Leaves, rhizomes, roots and matte were characterized by unique mycobiota revealing a “plant-part-specificity”. The comparison with the mycobiota associated with the green alga Flabellia petiolata and the brown alga Padina pavonica underlined a "substrate specificity". Indeed, despite being part of the same phytocoenosis, these photosynthetic organisms recruit different fungal communities. The mycobiota seems to be necessary for the host’s defense and protection, playing, in this way, remarkable ecological roles. Among the 61 species detected in association with P. oceanica (including two species belonging to the newly introduced genus Paralulworthia), 37 were reported for the first time from the Mediterranean Sea Keywords: Marine Fungi; Mediterranean Sea; Seagrass; Algae; Phylogeny; Lulworthiales
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The culturable mycobiota associated with the Mediterranean sponges Aplysina cavernicola, Crambe crambe and Phorbas tenacior.
FEMS microbiology letters, 2019Co-Authors: Elena Bovio, Giorgio Gnavi, Estelle Sfecci, Anna Poli, Valeria Paola Prigione, Thierry Lacour, Mohamed Mehiri, Giovanna Cristina VareseAbstract:Marine Fungi are part of the huge and understudied biodiversity hosted in the sea. To broaden the knowledge on Fungi inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and their role in sponge holobiont, three sponges namely Aplysina cavernicola, Crambe crambe and Phorbas tenacior were collected in Villefranche sur Mer, (France) at about 25 m depth. The fungal communities associated with the sponges were isolated using different techniques to increase the numbers of Fungi isolated. All Fungi were identified to species level giving rise to 19, 13 and 3 species for P. tenacior, A. cavernicola and C. crambe, respectively. Of note, 35.7% and 50.0% of the species detected were either reported for the first time in the Marine environment or in association with sponges. The mini-satellite analysis confirmed the uniqueness of the mycobiota of each sponge, leading to think that the sponge, with its metabolome, may shape the microbial community.
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the culturable mycobiota of flabellia petiolata first survey of Marine Fungi associated to a mediterranean green alga
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Giorgio Gnavi, Valeria Paola Prigione, A Poli, Laura Garzoli, Gaetan Burgaud, Giovanna Cristina VareseAbstract:Algae-inhabiting Marine Fungi represent a taxonomically and ecologically interesting group of microorganisms still largely neglected, especially in temperate regions. The aim of this study was to isolate and to identify the culturable mycobiota associated with Flabellia petiolata, a green alga frequently retrieved in the Mediterranean basin. Twenty algal thalli were collected from two different sampling sites in the Mediterranean Sea (Elba Island, Italy). A polyphasic approach showed the presence of a relevant alga-associated mycobiota with 64 taxa identified. The fungal isolates belonged mainly to Ascomycota (61 taxa), while only three Basidiomycota were detected. The phylogenetic position of sterile mycelia and cryptic taxa, inferred on the basis of LSU partial region, highlighted the presence of putative new phylogenetic lineages within Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes. This work represents the first quali-quantitative analysis of the culturable mycobiota associated to a green alga in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Multiple approaches for the detection and characterization of viral and plasmid symbionts from a collection of Marine Fungi
Virus Research, 2015Co-Authors: Luca Nerva, Paolo Margaria, Giorgio Gnavi, Marta Vallino, Giovanna Cristina Varese, Massimo TurinaAbstract:Abstract The number of reported mycoviruses is increasing exponentially due to the current ability to detect mycoviruses using next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches, with a large number of viral genomes built in-silico using data from fungal transcriptome projects. We decided to screen a collection of Fungi originating from a specific Marine environment (associated with the seagrass Posidonia oceanica ) for the presence of mycoviruses: our findings reveal a wealth of diversity among these symbionts and this complexity will require further studies to address their specific role in this ecological niche. In specific, we identified twelve new virus species belonging to nine distinct lineages: they are members of megabirnavirus, totivirus, chrysovirus, partitivirus and five still undefined clades. We showed evidence of an endogenized virus ORF, and evidence of accumulation of dsRNA from metaviridae retroviral elements. We applied different techniques for detecting the presence of mycoviruses including (i) dsRNA extraction and cDNA cloning, (ii) small and total RNA sequencing through NGS techniques, (iii) rolling circle amplification (RCA) and total DNA extraction analyses, (iv) virus purifications and electron microscopy. We tried also to critically evaluate the intrinsic value and limitations of each of these techniques. Based on the samples we could compare directly, RNAseq analysis is superior to sRNA for de novo assembly of mycoviruses. To our knowledge this is the first report on the virome of Fungi isolated from Marine environment. The GenBank/eMBL/DDBJ accession numbers of the sequences reported in this paper are: KT601099–KT601110; KT601114–KT601120; KT592305; KT950836–KT950841.
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dothideomycetes and leotiomycetes sterile mycelia isolated from the italian seagrass posidonia oceanica based on rdna data
SpringerPlus, 2014Co-Authors: Giorgio Gnavi, Enrico Ercole, L Panno, Alfredo Vizzini, Giovanna Cristina VareseAbstract:Marine Fungi represent a group of organisms extremely important from an ecological and biotechnological point of view, but often still neglected. In this work, an in-depth analysis on the systematic and the phylogenetic position of 21 sterile mycelia, isolated from Posidonia oceanica, was performed. The molecular (ITS and LSU sequences) analysis showed that several of them are putative new species belonging to three orders in the Ascomycota phylum: Pleosporales, Capnodiales and Helotiales. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood approaches. Seven sterile mycelia belong to the genera firstly reported from Marine environments. The bioinformatic analysis allowed to identify five sterile mycelia at species level and nine at genus level. Some of the analyzed sterile mycelia could belong to new lineages of Marine Fungi.
Ka-lai Pang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An online resource for Marine Fungi
Fungal Diversity, 2019Co-Authors: E. B. Gareth Jones, Ka-lai Pang, Mohamed A. Abdel-wahab, Bettina Scholz, Teun Boekhout, Rainer Ebel, Mostafa E. Rateb, Linda Henderson, Kevin D Hyde, Jariya SakayarojAbstract:Index Fungorum, Species Fungorum and MycoBank are the key fungal nomenclature and taxonomic databases that can be sourced to find taxonomic details concerning Fungi, while DNA sequence data can be sourced from the NCBI, EBI and UNITE databases. Nomenclature and ecological data on freshwater Fungi can be accessed on http://Fungi.life.illinois.edu/ , while http://www.Marinespecies.org/provides a comprehensive list of names of Marine organisms, including information on their synonymy. Previous websites however have little information on Marine Fungi and their ecology, beside articles that deal with Marine Fungi, especially those published in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries may not be accessible to those working in third world countries. To address this problem, a new website www.MarineFungi.org was set up and is introduced in this paper. This website provides a search facility to genera of Marine Fungi, full species descriptions, key to species and illustrations, an up to date classification of all recorded Marine Fungi which includes all fungal groups (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota and fungus-like organisms e.g. Thraustochytriales), and listing recent publications. Currently, 1257 species are listed in the Marine Fungi website ( www.MarineFungi.org ), in 539 genera, 74 orders, 168 families, 20 classes and five phyla, with new taxa continuing to be described. The website has curators with specialist mycological expertise who help to provide update data on the classification of Marine Fungi. This article also reviews knowledge of Marine Fungi covering a wide range of topics: their higher classification, ecology and world distribution, role in energy transfer in the oceans, origin and new chemical structures. An updated classification of Marine Fungi is also included. We would like to invite all mycologists to contribute to this innovative website.
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the neglected Marine Fungi sensu stricto and their isolation for natural products discovery
Marine Drugs, 2019Co-Authors: David P Overy, Teppo Rama, Rylee Oosterhuis, Allison K Walker, Ka-lai PangAbstract:Despite the rapid development of molecular techniques relevant for natural product research, culture isolates remain the primary source from which natural products chemists discover and obtain new molecules from microbial sources. Techniques for obtaining and identifying microbial isolates (such as filamentous Fungi) are thus of crucial importance for a successful natural products’ discovery program. This review is presented as a “best-practices guide” to the collection and isolation of Marine Fungi for natural products research. Many of these practices are proven techniques used by mycologists for the isolation of a broad diversity of Fungi, while others, such as the construction of Marine baiting stations and the collection and processing of sea foam using dilution to extinction plating techniques, are methodological adaptations for specialized use in Marine/aquatic environments. To this day, Marine Fungi, Sensu stricto, remain one of the few underexplored resources of natural products. Cultivability is one of the main limitations hindering the discovery of natural products from Marine Fungi. Through encouraged collaboration with Marine mycologists and the sharing of historically proven mycological practices for the isolation of Marine Fungi, our goal is to provide natural products chemists with the necessary tools to explore this resource in-depth and discover new and potentially novel natural products.
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Marine Fungi and Marine derived Fungi in natural product chemistry research toward a new consensual definition
Fungal Biology Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Ka-lai Pang, E Gareth B Jones, Gaetan Burgaud, David P Overy, Allison K Walker, Maria Da Luz Calado, John A Johnson, Russell G Kerr, Gerald F BillsAbstract:Abstract The discovery of new natural products from Fungi isolated from substrata in Marine environment has increased dramatically over the last few decades, cumulating in over 1000 new metabolites. The term ‘Marine-derived Fungi’ is used extensively in these reports, and it refers to the environment from which the Fungi are isolated, in contrast to the classical ecological definition of ‘Marine Fungi’ as obligate and facultative inhabitants of the Marine environment. In a significant number of reports, the origins of substrata or habitat relationships of strains referred to as ‘Marine-derived Fungi’ are unknown or whether a seawater medium was used for their isolation. In August 2014, a workshop held at the University of Prince Edward Island, Canada was convened to discuss a series of topics related to Marine fungal natural product research. A central discussion topic was “What constitutes a Marine fungus?” There was a general agreement that a review of the definition of a Marine fungus would be beneficial to the Marine fungal natural product community, together with an evaluation of the suitability and relevance of the use of the term ‘Marine-derived Fungi’. We here propose a revised, broad definition of a Marine fungus as ‘any fungus that is recovered repeatedly from Marine habitats because: 1) it is able to grow and/or sporulate (on substrata) in Marine environments; 2) it forms symbiotic relationships with other Marine organisms; or 3) it is shown to adapt and evolve at the genetic level or be metabolically active in Marine environments’.
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classification of Marine ascomycota basidiomycota blastocladiomycota and chytridiomycota
Fungal Diversity, 2015Co-Authors: E Gareth B Jones, Mohamed A Abdelwahab, Satinee Suetrong, Ali H. Bahkali, Teun Boekhout, Jariya Sakayaroj, Ka-lai PangAbstract:This paper lists the accepted names and classification of Marine Fungi, updating the scheme presented in 2009. The classification includes 1,112 species (in 472 genera): Ascomycota 805 (in 352 genera), Basidiomycota 21 species (in 17 genera), Chytridiomycota and related phyla 26 species (in 13 genera), Zygomycota three (in two genera), Blastocladiomycota one species (one genus), asexual morphs of filamentous Fungi 43 (in 26 genera); and Marine yeasts: Ascomycota 138 species (in 35 genera), Basidiomycota 75 species (in 26 genera). These Fungi belong to 129 families and 65 orders. The Halosphaeriaceae remains the largest family of Marine Fungi with 141 species in 59 genera, while the most specious genera are Aspergillus (47 species), Penicillium (39 species) and the yeast genus Candida (64 species). The review includes details of recent higher order nomenclature changes, and accounts of new families, genera and species described over the past 5 years.
Gerald F Bills - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Marine Fungi and Marine derived Fungi in natural product chemistry research toward a new consensual definition
Fungal Biology Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Ka-lai Pang, E Gareth B Jones, Gaetan Burgaud, David P Overy, Allison K Walker, Maria Da Luz Calado, John A Johnson, Russell G Kerr, Gerald F BillsAbstract:Abstract The discovery of new natural products from Fungi isolated from substrata in Marine environment has increased dramatically over the last few decades, cumulating in over 1000 new metabolites. The term ‘Marine-derived Fungi’ is used extensively in these reports, and it refers to the environment from which the Fungi are isolated, in contrast to the classical ecological definition of ‘Marine Fungi’ as obligate and facultative inhabitants of the Marine environment. In a significant number of reports, the origins of substrata or habitat relationships of strains referred to as ‘Marine-derived Fungi’ are unknown or whether a seawater medium was used for their isolation. In August 2014, a workshop held at the University of Prince Edward Island, Canada was convened to discuss a series of topics related to Marine fungal natural product research. A central discussion topic was “What constitutes a Marine fungus?” There was a general agreement that a review of the definition of a Marine fungus would be beneficial to the Marine fungal natural product community, together with an evaluation of the suitability and relevance of the use of the term ‘Marine-derived Fungi’. We here propose a revised, broad definition of a Marine fungus as ‘any fungus that is recovered repeatedly from Marine habitats because: 1) it is able to grow and/or sporulate (on substrata) in Marine environments; 2) it forms symbiotic relationships with other Marine organisms; or 3) it is shown to adapt and evolve at the genetic level or be metabolically active in Marine environments’.
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an assessment of natural product discovery from Marine sensu strictu and Marine derived Fungi
Mycology, 2014Co-Authors: David P Overy, Russell G Kerr, Paul Bayman, Gerald F BillsAbstract:The natural products community has been investigating secondary metabolites from Marine Fungi for several decades, but when one attempts to search for validated reports of new natural products from Marine Fungi, one encounters a literature saturated with reports from ‘Marine-derived’ Fungi. Of the 1000+ metabolites that have been characterized to date, only approximately 80 of these have been isolated from species from exclusively Marine lineages. These metabolites are summarized here along with the lifestyle and habitats of their producing organisms. Furthermore, we address some of the reasons for the apparent disconnect between the stated objectives of discovering new chemistry from Marine organisms and the apparent neglect of the truly exceptional obligate Marine Fungi. We also offer suggestions on how to reinvigorate enthusiasm for Marine natural products discovery from Fungi from exclusive Marine lineages and highlight the need for critically assessing the role of apparently terrestrial Fungi in the Marine environment.
David P Overy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the neglected Marine Fungi sensu stricto and their isolation for natural products discovery
Marine Drugs, 2019Co-Authors: David P Overy, Teppo Rama, Rylee Oosterhuis, Allison K Walker, Ka-lai PangAbstract:Despite the rapid development of molecular techniques relevant for natural product research, culture isolates remain the primary source from which natural products chemists discover and obtain new molecules from microbial sources. Techniques for obtaining and identifying microbial isolates (such as filamentous Fungi) are thus of crucial importance for a successful natural products’ discovery program. This review is presented as a “best-practices guide” to the collection and isolation of Marine Fungi for natural products research. Many of these practices are proven techniques used by mycologists for the isolation of a broad diversity of Fungi, while others, such as the construction of Marine baiting stations and the collection and processing of sea foam using dilution to extinction plating techniques, are methodological adaptations for specialized use in Marine/aquatic environments. To this day, Marine Fungi, Sensu stricto, remain one of the few underexplored resources of natural products. Cultivability is one of the main limitations hindering the discovery of natural products from Marine Fungi. Through encouraged collaboration with Marine mycologists and the sharing of historically proven mycological practices for the isolation of Marine Fungi, our goal is to provide natural products chemists with the necessary tools to explore this resource in-depth and discover new and potentially novel natural products.
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Marine Fungi and Marine derived Fungi in natural product chemistry research toward a new consensual definition
Fungal Biology Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Ka-lai Pang, E Gareth B Jones, Gaetan Burgaud, David P Overy, Allison K Walker, Maria Da Luz Calado, John A Johnson, Russell G Kerr, Gerald F BillsAbstract:Abstract The discovery of new natural products from Fungi isolated from substrata in Marine environment has increased dramatically over the last few decades, cumulating in over 1000 new metabolites. The term ‘Marine-derived Fungi’ is used extensively in these reports, and it refers to the environment from which the Fungi are isolated, in contrast to the classical ecological definition of ‘Marine Fungi’ as obligate and facultative inhabitants of the Marine environment. In a significant number of reports, the origins of substrata or habitat relationships of strains referred to as ‘Marine-derived Fungi’ are unknown or whether a seawater medium was used for their isolation. In August 2014, a workshop held at the University of Prince Edward Island, Canada was convened to discuss a series of topics related to Marine fungal natural product research. A central discussion topic was “What constitutes a Marine fungus?” There was a general agreement that a review of the definition of a Marine fungus would be beneficial to the Marine fungal natural product community, together with an evaluation of the suitability and relevance of the use of the term ‘Marine-derived Fungi’. We here propose a revised, broad definition of a Marine fungus as ‘any fungus that is recovered repeatedly from Marine habitats because: 1) it is able to grow and/or sporulate (on substrata) in Marine environments; 2) it forms symbiotic relationships with other Marine organisms; or 3) it is shown to adapt and evolve at the genetic level or be metabolically active in Marine environments’.
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an assessment of natural product discovery from Marine sensu strictu and Marine derived Fungi
Mycology, 2014Co-Authors: David P Overy, Russell G Kerr, Paul Bayman, Gerald F BillsAbstract:The natural products community has been investigating secondary metabolites from Marine Fungi for several decades, but when one attempts to search for validated reports of new natural products from Marine Fungi, one encounters a literature saturated with reports from ‘Marine-derived’ Fungi. Of the 1000+ metabolites that have been characterized to date, only approximately 80 of these have been isolated from species from exclusively Marine lineages. These metabolites are summarized here along with the lifestyle and habitats of their producing organisms. Furthermore, we address some of the reasons for the apparent disconnect between the stated objectives of discovering new chemistry from Marine organisms and the apparent neglect of the truly exceptional obligate Marine Fungi. We also offer suggestions on how to reinvigorate enthusiasm for Marine natural products discovery from Fungi from exclusive Marine lineages and highlight the need for critically assessing the role of apparently terrestrial Fungi in the Marine environment.
Xiaoyong Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new citrinin derivatives from the deep sea derived fungus cladosporium sp scsio z015
Natural Product Research, 2020Co-Authors: Muhammad Amin, Xiaoyong ZhangAbstract:During the course of our search for novel bioactive compounds from Marine Fungi, four new citrinin derivatives, cladosporins A–D (1–4) were isolated from a culture broth of the deep-sea-derived fun...
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New citrinin derivatives from the deep-sea-derived fungus Cladosporium sp. SCSIO z015
2019Co-Authors: Muhammad Amin, Xiaoyong ZhangAbstract:During the course of our search for novel bioactive compounds from Marine Fungi, four new citrinin derivatives, cladosporins A–D (1–4) were isolated from a culture broth of the deep-sea-derived fungus Cladosporium sp. SCSIO z015. Their complete structural assignments were elucidated by the extensive spectroscopic investigation. The absolute configurations of 1–3 were established by quantum chemical calculations of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1–4 showed weak toxicity towards brine shrine naupalii with LC50 values of 72.0, 81.7, 49.9 and 81.4 μM, respectively. And 4 also showed significant antioxidant activity against ɑ,α-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals with an IC50 value of 16.4 μM.