The Experts below are selected from a list of 213 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Junichi Sugita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mass Screening of asymptomatic persons for sars cov 2 using saliva
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Isao Yokota, Peter Y Shane, Kazufumi Okada, Yoko Unoki, Yichi Yang, Tasuku Inao, Kentaro Sakamaki, Sumio Iwasaki, Kasumi Hayasaka, Junichi SugitaAbstract:Background COVID-19 has rapidly evolved to become a global pandemic due largely to the transmission of its causative virus through asymptomatic carriers. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people is an urgent priority for the prevention and containment of disease outbreaks in communities. However, few data are available in asymptomatic persons regarding the accuracy of PCR testing. Additionally, although self-collected saliva has significant logistical advantages in Mass Screening, its utility as an alternative specimen in asymptomatic persons is yet to be determined. Methods We conducted a Mass-Screening study to compare the utility of nucleic acid amplification, such as reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, using nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and saliva samples from each individual in two cohorts of asymptomatic persons: the contact tracing cohort and the airport quarantine cohort. Results In this Mass-Screening study including 1,924 individuals, the sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification testing with nasopharyngeal and saliva specimens were 86% (90%CI:77-93%) and 92% (90%CI:83-97%), respectively, with specificities greater than 99.9%. The true concordance probability between the nasopharyngeal and saliva tests was estimated at 0.998 (90%CI:0.996-0.999) on the estimated airport prevalence at 0.3%. In positive individuals, viral load was highly correlated between NPS and saliva. Conclusion Both nasopharyngeal and saliva specimens had high sensitivity and specificity. Self-collected saliva is a valuable specimen to detect SARS-CoV-2 in Mass Screening of asymptomatic persons.
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Mass Screening of asymptomatic persons for sars cov 2 using saliva
2020Co-Authors: Isao Yokota, Peter Y Shane, Kazufumi Okada, Yoko Unoki, Yichi Yang, Tasuku Inao, Kentaro Sakamaki, Sumio Iwasaki, Kasumi Hayasaka, Junichi SugitaAbstract:Background: COVID-19 has rapidly evolved to become a global pandemic due largely to the transmission of its causative virus through asymptomatic carriers. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people is an urgent priority for the prevention and containment of disease outbreaks in communities. However, few data are available in asymptomatic persons regarding the accuracy of PCR testing. Additionally, although self-collected saliva has significant logistical advantages in Mass Screening, its utility as an alternative specimen in asymptomatic persons is yet to be determined. Methods: We conducted a Mass-Screening study to compare the utility of nucleic acid amplification, such as reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, using NPS and saliva samples from each individual in two cohorts of asymptomatic persons: the contact tracing cohort and the airport quarantine cohort. Findings: In this Mass-Screening study including 1,924 individuals, the sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification testing with nasopharyngeal and saliva specimens were 86% (90%CI:77-93%) and 92% (90%CI:83-97%), respectively, with specificities greater than 99.9%. The true concordance probability between the nasopharyngeal and saliva tests was estimated at 0·998 (90%CI:0·996-0·999) on the estimated airport prevalence, 0·3%. In positive individuals, viral load was highly correlated between NPS and saliva. Interpretation: Both nasopharyngeal and saliva specimens had high sensitivity and specificity. Self-collected saliva is a valuable specimen to detect SARS-CoV-2 in Mass Screening of asymptomatic persons. Funding: Funded by Health, Labour and Welfare Policy Research Grant 20HA2002. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Board (Hokkaido University Hospital Division of Clinical Research Administration Number: 020-0116) and informed consent was obtained from all individuals.
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Mass Screening of asymptomatic persons for sars cov 2 using saliva
medRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Isao Yokota, Peter Y Shane, Kazufumi Okada, Yoko Unoki, Yichi Yang, Tasuku Inao, Kentaro Sakamaki, Sumio Iwasaki, Kasumi Hayasaka, Junichi SugitaAbstract:Background COVID-19 has rapidly evolved to become a global pandemic due largely to the transmission of its causative virus through asymptomatic carriers. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people is an urgent priority for the prevention and containment of disease outbreaks in communities. However, few data are available in asymptomatic persons regarding the accuracy of PCR testing. Additionally, although self-collected saliva has significant logistical advantages in Mass Screening, its utility as an alternative specimen in asymptomatic persons is yet to be determined. Methods We conducted a Mass-Screening study to compare the utility of nucleic acid amplification, such as reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, using NPS and saliva samples from each individual in two cohorts of asymptomatic persons: the contact tracing cohort and the airport quarantine cohort. Results In this Mass-Screening study including 1,924 individuals, the sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification testing with nasopharyngeal and saliva specimens were 86% (90%CI:77-93%) and 92% (90%CI:83-97%), respectively, with specificities greater than 99.9%. The true concordance probability between the nasopharyngeal and saliva tests was estimated at 0.998 (90%CI:0.996-0.999) on the estimated airport prevalence, 0.3%. In positive individuals, viral load was highly correlated between NPS and saliva. Conclusion Both nasopharyngeal and saliva specimens had high sensitivity and specificity. Self-collected saliva is a valuable specimen to detect SARS-CoV-2 in Mass Screening of asymptomatic persons.
Hiroki Watanabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mass Screening program for prostatic cancer in Japan
International journal of clinical oncology, 2001Co-Authors: Hiroki WatanabeAbstract:Because the idea of "Mass Screening" in Japan is based upon the concept of "groupism", a fundamental feature of Japanese society, it is very different from the idea of "Screening" in Western countries, which arises from an "individualistic" concept. The prevalence of prostatic cancer in Japan remains lower than that in Western countries but it has recently shown a great increase. In this stuation, a Mass Screening program for prostatic cancer, using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for the primary study, is thought to be promising in Japan. To exclude false-positive cases in the "gray zone" of PSA values, transrectal power Doppler sonography is remarkably effective.
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A case-control study on the efficacy and the optimum interval of Mass Screening for prostatic cancer
Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology, 1998Co-Authors: Shuichi Nakagawa, Terukazu Nakamura, Hiroki WatanabeAbstract:PURPOSE The efficacy and the optimum interval of Mass Screening for prostatic cancer were investigated by a case-control study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A matched pairs analysis by 1:5 was conducted between 31 cases of advanced prostatic cancer in stage C and D detected by Mass Screening and 155 controls of normal subjects selected at random. In all cases and controls, the history of taking part of the Mass Screening for last 3 years, then the estimates of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated on discordant pairs of the matched analysis. RESULTS OR to suffer from advanced prostatic cancer was 0.22 (95% CI: 0.07-0.70) in the group to submit to Mass Screening 1 year ago in comparison with the group not to submit once for 3 years. According to the analysis on the interval of submission to Mass Screening, the effect of Screening to prevent the progression to advanced stages might be valied for 1 year. CONCLUSION Mass Screening for prostatic cancer every year might be efficient to reduce the number of patients progressing to advanced stages.
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Mass Screening for prostatic cancer
Hinyokika kiyo. Acta urologica Japonica, 1997Co-Authors: Shuichi Nakagawa, Watanabe M, Nomoto T, Sugimoto K, Kazuya Mikami, Ebisui K, Kitamura K, Munekado Kojima, Masahito Saitoh, Hiroki WatanabeAbstract:Two Mass Screening programs for prostatic cancer (PC) have been conducted at our institution. The first program, based on transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), was performed between 1975 and 1995 in a total of 16,313 men over 55 years of age. Those showing abnormal findings on TRUS were referred to the secondary urological examination including needle biopsy of the prostate. PC was detected in 93 men (0.6%) and 43 of them were in the early stage. In 1995, a new Mass Screening program for PC was performed in an urban area of Kyoto. Of 3,749 men over 55 years of age who took the annual health checkup organized by the government, 2,387 wished to receive this Screening. The primary examination consisted of Delfia prostate specific antigen (PSA) assay of dried blood samples on a filter paper. Men with PSA levels > 4.0 and 0.15, underwent 6 sextant biopsies under transrectal ultrasonography, as well as men with PSA levels > 10.0 ng/ml. PSA levels were 4.0 and 10.0 in 43. Prostatic biopsy was performed in 102 men. PC was detected in 28 men (1.2%) and 17 of them were in the early stage. These findings suggest that the PSA-based Mass Screening program for PC combined with the annual health checkup is suitable for future "national-level" Screening.
T Takeda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is the Mass Screening for neuroblastoma ineffective
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2003Co-Authors: Nishi M, Hanai J, Fujita K, Ichimiya H, Toshihiro Tanaka, Hatae Y, T TakedaAbstract:Though a recent study (Schilling et al. 2002) concluded that the Mass Screening for neuroblastoma targeting children age 12 months was ineffective, we pointed out several serious problems and reestimated its effectiveness using their data. They employed the subjects in the "control area" as controls, not the "non-participants" whose biases are fewer because their area is the same as that of the participants. The incidence of neuroblastoma among the subjects in the "control area" was about 25% smaller than that of the "non-participants". This leads to underestimation of the effectiveness of the Mass Screening. They combined false negatives with true positives to calculate the incidence of the "screened group". But since many spontaneous regression cases are included in the true positives, this method inflates the incidence of the "screened group", leading to underestimation of the effectiveness of the Mass Screening. When the false negatives are compared with the non-participants, the incidence of the cases in stage 4 among the latter is about 40% of that of the former, and the mortality is less than two-thirds. The percentage of spontaneous regression cases among the true positives is estimated to be about 40%. These results are better than those of the Japanese Screening programs (targeting infants age 6 months), supporting the effectiveness of Mass Screening for neuroblastoma.
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Mass Screening for neuroblastoma by HPLC and by non-HPLC: a review.
Oncology reports, 1998Co-Authors: Motoi Nishi, J. Hanai, Hirotsugu Miyake, Fujita K, Y Hatae, T TakedaAbstract:There have been a number of contradictory views concerning the efficacy of Mass Screening for neuroblastoma. Three Japanese and one cohort study from Quebec, and three Japanese cross-sectional studies were reviewed. The four cohort studies revealed that Mass Screening using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) reduced the incidence of this disease by about half in children aged from 1 to 4 years while little reduction was noted in Screening utilizing non-HPLC methods. There is a large difference in the efficacy of Mass Screening depending on the method used. In the three cross-sectional studies, there was no discrimination between screened and unscreened cases, or between subjects screened by HPLC and non-HPLC methods. The percentage of children in the cross-sectional studies screened by HPLC was low. Cross-sectional studies seem inappropriate in assessing the effectiveness of current HPLC Mass Screening.
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Failure to detect dopaminergic neuroblastoma in a Mass-Screening system
Journal of pediatric surgery, 1995Co-Authors: Haruhiko Naito, T Takeda, Junji HanaiAbstract:Dopaminergic neuroblastoma comprised 12% of the patients under 1 year of age, and 83% of the older ones. Seven cases were missed by the Mass-Screening system performed at age 6 months and were detected after 16 months. Three of these advanced cases were positive only for dopamine. These findings supports our second Mass-Screening system using dopamine evaluation at age 14 months.
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Mass Screening and occurrence of neuroblastoma in Sapporo City
Screening, 1993Co-Authors: Motoi Nishi, T Takeda, Hirotsugu Miyake, Junji Hanai, Yuko Kikuchi, Hiroko Yonemori, N. TakasugiAbstract:Abstract In Sapporo City from April 1981 to March 1986, 73,226 infants were screened for neuroblastoma and 24,636 were not screened. By March 1992, out of the screened group 15 true-positive cases and five false-negative cases were found. The 20 cases in this group give an incidence of 27: 100,000. Out of the unscreened group five patients were found during the same period, giving an incidence in this group of 20:100,000. Since the incidence in the screened. group was by 1.34-times higher than that in the unscreened group, it is possible that about 30% of the true-positive cases are those whose tumors regress spontaneously. However, since the incidences of cases 1–4 years of age and of cases with advanced stages in this same age group as well as the total mortality in the screened group were lower in the screened group than in the unscreened group, it is certain that the Mass Screening makes a contribution to early detection of this disease. Calculation from data of false-negative cases and unscreened cases showed that about half of the cases with poor prognosis might be caught by the Mass Screening. Calculation from the mortality data also showed that the Mass Screening might reduce deaths from neuroblastoma by about half.
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Mass Screening of neuroblastoma in Sapporo City, Japan.
The American journal of pediatric hematology oncology, 1992Co-Authors: Motoi Nishi, T Takeda, Hirotsugu Miyake, Junji Hanai, Yuko Kikuchi, Hiroko Yonemori, N. TakasugiAbstract:In Sapporo City a Mass Screening program for neuroblastoma aiming at 6-month-old infants has been performed since April 1981. By March 1990, 136,001 infants were screened; 26 true-positive cases of neuroblastoma and six false-negative cases were detected. The sensitivity of the Mass Screening method was about 80% throughout the 9 years. During the 9-year period, a total of nine children with neuroblastoma who were not screened were also identified. Clinical stage, age at diagnosis, and survival rate for the 32 patients who were screened (26 true positives and six false negatives) were much more favorable than those for the nine patients who were not screened. A remarkable decrease in the incidence of cases of neuroblastoma with advanced clinical stages over 1 year of age, especially among children 1-4 years of age, was noted after the start of the Mass Screening. The mortality from this tumor in children up to 4 years of age significantly decreased after the start of the urinary Screening program. ReScreening at 14 months of age was begun in April, 1991 in Sapporo City. Performing two Screening examinations decreases the probability of overlooking a patient. Thus, it is expected that tumors missed on the first Screening would be detected by the second Screening.
Yasumasa Monden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Value of Mass Screening for thyroid cancer.
World journal of surgery, 1998Co-Authors: Hitoshi Miki, Hiroyuki Inoue, Kansei Komaki, Tadashi Uyama, Tadaoki Morimoto, Yasumasa MondenAbstract:p < 0.05). The incidence of nodal metastases in the Mass-Screening group (38%) was significantly lower than in the outpatient group (68%) ( p < 0.05). Thus Mass Screening seemed to find thyroid cancers in a relatively early stage. Mass Screening for thyroid cancer was economic in this instance because it was performed together with Screening for other cancers, such as breast cancer. Thyroid cancer Screening required less than one additional minute per subject. The ultimate aim of Mass Screening is to reduce mortality. No improvement in prognosis from enforced Mass Screening for thyroid cancer was detected in this study. It cannot be demonstrated that there is sufficient value of Mass Screening for thyroid cancer to perform it independently despite early cancer detection.
Isao Yokota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mass Screening of asymptomatic persons for sars cov 2 using saliva
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Isao Yokota, Peter Y Shane, Kazufumi Okada, Yoko Unoki, Yichi Yang, Tasuku Inao, Kentaro Sakamaki, Sumio Iwasaki, Kasumi Hayasaka, Junichi SugitaAbstract:Background COVID-19 has rapidly evolved to become a global pandemic due largely to the transmission of its causative virus through asymptomatic carriers. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people is an urgent priority for the prevention and containment of disease outbreaks in communities. However, few data are available in asymptomatic persons regarding the accuracy of PCR testing. Additionally, although self-collected saliva has significant logistical advantages in Mass Screening, its utility as an alternative specimen in asymptomatic persons is yet to be determined. Methods We conducted a Mass-Screening study to compare the utility of nucleic acid amplification, such as reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, using nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and saliva samples from each individual in two cohorts of asymptomatic persons: the contact tracing cohort and the airport quarantine cohort. Results In this Mass-Screening study including 1,924 individuals, the sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification testing with nasopharyngeal and saliva specimens were 86% (90%CI:77-93%) and 92% (90%CI:83-97%), respectively, with specificities greater than 99.9%. The true concordance probability between the nasopharyngeal and saliva tests was estimated at 0.998 (90%CI:0.996-0.999) on the estimated airport prevalence at 0.3%. In positive individuals, viral load was highly correlated between NPS and saliva. Conclusion Both nasopharyngeal and saliva specimens had high sensitivity and specificity. Self-collected saliva is a valuable specimen to detect SARS-CoV-2 in Mass Screening of asymptomatic persons.
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Mass Screening of asymptomatic persons for sars cov 2 using saliva
2020Co-Authors: Isao Yokota, Peter Y Shane, Kazufumi Okada, Yoko Unoki, Yichi Yang, Tasuku Inao, Kentaro Sakamaki, Sumio Iwasaki, Kasumi Hayasaka, Junichi SugitaAbstract:Background: COVID-19 has rapidly evolved to become a global pandemic due largely to the transmission of its causative virus through asymptomatic carriers. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people is an urgent priority for the prevention and containment of disease outbreaks in communities. However, few data are available in asymptomatic persons regarding the accuracy of PCR testing. Additionally, although self-collected saliva has significant logistical advantages in Mass Screening, its utility as an alternative specimen in asymptomatic persons is yet to be determined. Methods: We conducted a Mass-Screening study to compare the utility of nucleic acid amplification, such as reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, using NPS and saliva samples from each individual in two cohorts of asymptomatic persons: the contact tracing cohort and the airport quarantine cohort. Findings: In this Mass-Screening study including 1,924 individuals, the sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification testing with nasopharyngeal and saliva specimens were 86% (90%CI:77-93%) and 92% (90%CI:83-97%), respectively, with specificities greater than 99.9%. The true concordance probability between the nasopharyngeal and saliva tests was estimated at 0·998 (90%CI:0·996-0·999) on the estimated airport prevalence, 0·3%. In positive individuals, viral load was highly correlated between NPS and saliva. Interpretation: Both nasopharyngeal and saliva specimens had high sensitivity and specificity. Self-collected saliva is a valuable specimen to detect SARS-CoV-2 in Mass Screening of asymptomatic persons. Funding: Funded by Health, Labour and Welfare Policy Research Grant 20HA2002. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Board (Hokkaido University Hospital Division of Clinical Research Administration Number: 020-0116) and informed consent was obtained from all individuals.
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Mass Screening of asymptomatic persons for sars cov 2 using saliva
medRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Isao Yokota, Peter Y Shane, Kazufumi Okada, Yoko Unoki, Yichi Yang, Tasuku Inao, Kentaro Sakamaki, Sumio Iwasaki, Kasumi Hayasaka, Junichi SugitaAbstract:Background COVID-19 has rapidly evolved to become a global pandemic due largely to the transmission of its causative virus through asymptomatic carriers. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people is an urgent priority for the prevention and containment of disease outbreaks in communities. However, few data are available in asymptomatic persons regarding the accuracy of PCR testing. Additionally, although self-collected saliva has significant logistical advantages in Mass Screening, its utility as an alternative specimen in asymptomatic persons is yet to be determined. Methods We conducted a Mass-Screening study to compare the utility of nucleic acid amplification, such as reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, using NPS and saliva samples from each individual in two cohorts of asymptomatic persons: the contact tracing cohort and the airport quarantine cohort. Results In this Mass-Screening study including 1,924 individuals, the sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification testing with nasopharyngeal and saliva specimens were 86% (90%CI:77-93%) and 92% (90%CI:83-97%), respectively, with specificities greater than 99.9%. The true concordance probability between the nasopharyngeal and saliva tests was estimated at 0.998 (90%CI:0.996-0.999) on the estimated airport prevalence, 0.3%. In positive individuals, viral load was highly correlated between NPS and saliva. Conclusion Both nasopharyngeal and saliva specimens had high sensitivity and specificity. Self-collected saliva is a valuable specimen to detect SARS-CoV-2 in Mass Screening of asymptomatic persons.