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Vivette Glover - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prenatal Maternal Anxiety predicts reduced adaptive immunity in infants
Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2013Co-Authors: Thomas G Oconnor, Vivette Glover, Marcia A Winter, Julianne Hunn, Jennifer Carnahan, Eva K Pressman, Emma Robertsonblackmore, Jan A Moynihan, Eunhyung F Lee, Mary T CasertaAbstract:Prenatal Anxiety has been linked with altered immune function in offspring in animal studies, but the relevance for human health is unknown. We examined prenatal Maternal Anxiety as a predictor of adaptive immunity in infants at 2 and 6 months of age as part of a prospective longitudinal study. The humoral immune response to hepatitis B vaccine was assessed at 2 months (n=80) and 6 months (n=76) of age. Prenatal Anxiety predicted lower hepatitis B antibody titers at 6 months of age independent of obstetric and socio-demographic covariates; the effects were limited to those infants who had not completed the 3-dose vaccine series (for transformed titer values, r= −.36, p<.05). Cell-mediated immune responses at 2 (n=56) and 6 (n=54) months of age were examined by ELISpot assays for interferon(IFN)-γ, interleukin(IL)-2, and IL-4 responder cell frequencies to three antigens: hepatitis B surface antigen, tetanus toxoid, and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Prenatal Maternal Anxiety was associated with reduced IFN-γ and increased IL-4 responder cell frequencies at 6 months of age, independent of obstetric and socio-demographic covariates. No effect of prenatal Anxiety was found on adaptive immunity at 2 months of age. The findings provide the first demonstration in humans that prenatal Anxiety alters adaptive immunity in the infant.
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association between Maternal and amniotic fluid cortisol is moderated by Maternal Anxiety
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2009Co-Authors: Vivette Glover, Pampa Sarkar, Kristin Bergman, Thomas G OconnorAbstract:Maternal stress or Anxiety during pregnancy can lead to neurodevelopmental and other problems in the child, and cortisol is one possible mediator. Animal models show that Maternal prenatal stress can affect placental function, including regulation of placental 11beta-HSD2, the main barrier to the placental passage of cortisol. It is not known whether a parallel process exists in humans. The aim of the current study was to determine whether Maternal Anxiety increases the association between Maternal plasma cortisol and amniotic fluid cortisol. The sample consisted of 262 women having amniocentesis, with normal pregnancies, who completed Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety scales, from whom a plasma sample and an aliquot of amniotic fluid was obtained. The correlation between Maternal and amniotic fluid cortisol was strongly dependent on both State and Trait Maternal Anxiety; in the most anxious State quartile r(62)=.59, p<.001 and in the least r(60)=.05, ns, a significant difference (p<.0015). The moderating effect of Maternal Anxiety on the association between Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid cortisol remained when gestational age, Maternal age, fetal sex, medication and time of collection were controlled for. There was no difference in amniotic fluid cortisol levels between the most and least anxious groups of mothers. However, the finding that there is a stronger correlation between Maternal and fetal cortisol among more anxious pregnant women does suggests that the Maternal emotional state can affect the function of the placenta.
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Maternal antenatal Anxiety and amniotic fluid cortisol and testosterone possible implications for foetal programming
Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 2008Co-Authors: Pampa Sarkar, Thomas G Oconnor, Kristin Bergman, Vivette GloverAbstract:Both animal and human studies have shown that Maternal stress or Anxiety during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of disturbance in offspring neurodevelopment and behaviour. In animal models, increased foetal exposure to glucocorticoids has been found to be one mechanism for such foetal programming. Little is understood of the mediating mechanisms in humans, and one aim of our research programme is to investigate this further. This review presents a synopsis of some of our recent results. We aimed to test the hypothesis that Maternal Anxiety was associated with raised Maternal cortisol, and that this in turn was related to increased foetal exposure to cortisol. We studied this by recruiting women at amniocentesis, obtained their Spielberger State Anxiety scores, and assessed Maternal plasma cortisol and amniotic fluid cortisol. We also examined Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid testosterone levels. Awaiting amniocentesis was in general anxiogenic, but with a wide range of Anxiety scores. Maternal Anxiety was significantly associated with plasma cortisol before 17 weeks, albeit of modest magnitude (r = 0.0.23), and not after 17 weeks of gestation. This is probably due to the known attenuation of the Maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis with increasing gestation. We found a strong correlation between Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid cortisol levels, which increased with gestation and became robust after 18 weeks. This correlation increased with Maternal Anxiety, suggesting a possible effect of Maternal mood on placental function. There was a positive correlation between cortisol and testosterone in amniotic fluid, in both male and female foetuses independent of Maternal Anxiety, plasma testosterone, gestational age, and time of collection. Foetal stress may be associated with increased foetal exposure to testosterone. However, Maternal Anxiety did not predict amniotic fluid cortisol or testosterone level. Thus, the role of these hormones in mediating the effect of Maternal mood on foetal development in humans remains to be demonstrated.
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Maternal Anxiety at amniocentesis and plasma cortisol
Prenatal Diagnosis, 2006Co-Authors: Pampa Sarkar, Nicholas M Fisk, Kristin Bergman, Vivette GloverAbstract:Objectives To assess whether anticipation of amniocentesis is linked with Maternal Anxiety, and whether this Anxiety is associated with increased Maternal plasma cortisol.
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antenatal Maternal Anxiety and stress and the neurobehavioural development of the fetus and child links and possible mechanisms a review
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2005Co-Authors: Bea Van Den Bergh, Maarten Mennes, Eduard J H Mulder, Vivette GloverAbstract:A direct link between antenatal Maternal mood and fetal behaviour, as observed by ultrasound from 27 to 28 weeks of gestation onwards, is well established. Moreover, 14 independent prospective studies have shown a link between antenatal Maternal Anxiety/stress and cognitive, behavioural, and emotional problems in the child. This link generally persisted after controlling for post-natal Maternal mood and other relevant confounders in the pre- and post-natal periods. Although some inconsistencies remain, the results in general support a fetal programming hypothesis. Several gestational ages have been reported to be vulnerable to the long-term effects of antenatal Anxiety/stress and different mechanisms are likely to operate at different stages. Possible underlying mechanisms are just starting to be explored. Cortisol appears to cross the placenta and thus may affect the fetus and disturb ongoing developmental processes. The development of the HPA-axis, limbic system, and the prefrontal cortex are likely to be affected by antenatal Maternal stress and Anxiety. The magnitude of the long-term effects of antenatal Maternal Anxiety/stress on the child is substantial. Programs to reduce Maternal stress in pregnancy are therefore warranted.
Thomas G Oconnor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prenatal Maternal Anxiety predicts reduced adaptive immunity in infants
Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2013Co-Authors: Thomas G Oconnor, Vivette Glover, Marcia A Winter, Julianne Hunn, Jennifer Carnahan, Eva K Pressman, Emma Robertsonblackmore, Jan A Moynihan, Eunhyung F Lee, Mary T CasertaAbstract:Prenatal Anxiety has been linked with altered immune function in offspring in animal studies, but the relevance for human health is unknown. We examined prenatal Maternal Anxiety as a predictor of adaptive immunity in infants at 2 and 6 months of age as part of a prospective longitudinal study. The humoral immune response to hepatitis B vaccine was assessed at 2 months (n=80) and 6 months (n=76) of age. Prenatal Anxiety predicted lower hepatitis B antibody titers at 6 months of age independent of obstetric and socio-demographic covariates; the effects were limited to those infants who had not completed the 3-dose vaccine series (for transformed titer values, r= −.36, p<.05). Cell-mediated immune responses at 2 (n=56) and 6 (n=54) months of age were examined by ELISpot assays for interferon(IFN)-γ, interleukin(IL)-2, and IL-4 responder cell frequencies to three antigens: hepatitis B surface antigen, tetanus toxoid, and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Prenatal Maternal Anxiety was associated with reduced IFN-γ and increased IL-4 responder cell frequencies at 6 months of age, independent of obstetric and socio-demographic covariates. No effect of prenatal Anxiety was found on adaptive immunity at 2 months of age. The findings provide the first demonstration in humans that prenatal Anxiety alters adaptive immunity in the infant.
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association between Maternal and amniotic fluid cortisol is moderated by Maternal Anxiety
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2009Co-Authors: Vivette Glover, Pampa Sarkar, Kristin Bergman, Thomas G OconnorAbstract:Maternal stress or Anxiety during pregnancy can lead to neurodevelopmental and other problems in the child, and cortisol is one possible mediator. Animal models show that Maternal prenatal stress can affect placental function, including regulation of placental 11beta-HSD2, the main barrier to the placental passage of cortisol. It is not known whether a parallel process exists in humans. The aim of the current study was to determine whether Maternal Anxiety increases the association between Maternal plasma cortisol and amniotic fluid cortisol. The sample consisted of 262 women having amniocentesis, with normal pregnancies, who completed Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety scales, from whom a plasma sample and an aliquot of amniotic fluid was obtained. The correlation between Maternal and amniotic fluid cortisol was strongly dependent on both State and Trait Maternal Anxiety; in the most anxious State quartile r(62)=.59, p<.001 and in the least r(60)=.05, ns, a significant difference (p<.0015). The moderating effect of Maternal Anxiety on the association between Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid cortisol remained when gestational age, Maternal age, fetal sex, medication and time of collection were controlled for. There was no difference in amniotic fluid cortisol levels between the most and least anxious groups of mothers. However, the finding that there is a stronger correlation between Maternal and fetal cortisol among more anxious pregnant women does suggests that the Maternal emotional state can affect the function of the placenta.
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Maternal antenatal Anxiety and amniotic fluid cortisol and testosterone possible implications for foetal programming
Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 2008Co-Authors: Pampa Sarkar, Thomas G Oconnor, Kristin Bergman, Vivette GloverAbstract:Both animal and human studies have shown that Maternal stress or Anxiety during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of disturbance in offspring neurodevelopment and behaviour. In animal models, increased foetal exposure to glucocorticoids has been found to be one mechanism for such foetal programming. Little is understood of the mediating mechanisms in humans, and one aim of our research programme is to investigate this further. This review presents a synopsis of some of our recent results. We aimed to test the hypothesis that Maternal Anxiety was associated with raised Maternal cortisol, and that this in turn was related to increased foetal exposure to cortisol. We studied this by recruiting women at amniocentesis, obtained their Spielberger State Anxiety scores, and assessed Maternal plasma cortisol and amniotic fluid cortisol. We also examined Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid testosterone levels. Awaiting amniocentesis was in general anxiogenic, but with a wide range of Anxiety scores. Maternal Anxiety was significantly associated with plasma cortisol before 17 weeks, albeit of modest magnitude (r = 0.0.23), and not after 17 weeks of gestation. This is probably due to the known attenuation of the Maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis with increasing gestation. We found a strong correlation between Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid cortisol levels, which increased with gestation and became robust after 18 weeks. This correlation increased with Maternal Anxiety, suggesting a possible effect of Maternal mood on placental function. There was a positive correlation between cortisol and testosterone in amniotic fluid, in both male and female foetuses independent of Maternal Anxiety, plasma testosterone, gestational age, and time of collection. Foetal stress may be associated with increased foetal exposure to testosterone. However, Maternal Anxiety did not predict amniotic fluid cortisol or testosterone level. Thus, the role of these hormones in mediating the effect of Maternal mood on foetal development in humans remains to be demonstrated.
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Maternal antenatal Anxiety and children s behavioural emotional problems at 4 years report from the avon longitudinal study of parents and children
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2002Co-Authors: Thomas G Oconnor, Jonathon Heron, Jean Golding, Michael Beveridge, Vivette GloverAbstract:Background Animal experiments suggest that Maternal stress and Anxiety during pregnancy have long-term effects on the behaviour of the offspring. Aims To test the hypothesis that antenatal Maternal Anxiety predicts behavioural problems at age 4 years. Method Data were collected on multiple antenatal and postnatal assessments of Maternal Anxiety and depression, antenatal and obstetric risks, psychosocial risks and children's behavioural/emotional problems ( n =7448). Results Antenatal Maternal Anxiety predicted behavioural/emotional problems in boys (OR=2.14, 95% CI 1.48-3.10) and girls (OR=1.88, 95% CI 1.3-2.69) after accounting for covariates. When covarying Maternal Anxiety up to 33 months postnatally, antenatal Anxiety continued to predict total problems in boys (OR=1.56, 95% CI 1.02-2.41) and girls (OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.22-2.81). Conclusions There could be a direct effect of Maternal mood on foetal brain development, which affects the behavioural development of the child.
Pampa Sarkar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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association between Maternal and amniotic fluid cortisol is moderated by Maternal Anxiety
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2009Co-Authors: Vivette Glover, Pampa Sarkar, Kristin Bergman, Thomas G OconnorAbstract:Maternal stress or Anxiety during pregnancy can lead to neurodevelopmental and other problems in the child, and cortisol is one possible mediator. Animal models show that Maternal prenatal stress can affect placental function, including regulation of placental 11beta-HSD2, the main barrier to the placental passage of cortisol. It is not known whether a parallel process exists in humans. The aim of the current study was to determine whether Maternal Anxiety increases the association between Maternal plasma cortisol and amniotic fluid cortisol. The sample consisted of 262 women having amniocentesis, with normal pregnancies, who completed Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety scales, from whom a plasma sample and an aliquot of amniotic fluid was obtained. The correlation between Maternal and amniotic fluid cortisol was strongly dependent on both State and Trait Maternal Anxiety; in the most anxious State quartile r(62)=.59, p<.001 and in the least r(60)=.05, ns, a significant difference (p<.0015). The moderating effect of Maternal Anxiety on the association between Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid cortisol remained when gestational age, Maternal age, fetal sex, medication and time of collection were controlled for. There was no difference in amniotic fluid cortisol levels between the most and least anxious groups of mothers. However, the finding that there is a stronger correlation between Maternal and fetal cortisol among more anxious pregnant women does suggests that the Maternal emotional state can affect the function of the placenta.
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Maternal antenatal Anxiety and amniotic fluid cortisol and testosterone possible implications for foetal programming
Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 2008Co-Authors: Pampa Sarkar, Thomas G Oconnor, Kristin Bergman, Vivette GloverAbstract:Both animal and human studies have shown that Maternal stress or Anxiety during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of disturbance in offspring neurodevelopment and behaviour. In animal models, increased foetal exposure to glucocorticoids has been found to be one mechanism for such foetal programming. Little is understood of the mediating mechanisms in humans, and one aim of our research programme is to investigate this further. This review presents a synopsis of some of our recent results. We aimed to test the hypothesis that Maternal Anxiety was associated with raised Maternal cortisol, and that this in turn was related to increased foetal exposure to cortisol. We studied this by recruiting women at amniocentesis, obtained their Spielberger State Anxiety scores, and assessed Maternal plasma cortisol and amniotic fluid cortisol. We also examined Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid testosterone levels. Awaiting amniocentesis was in general anxiogenic, but with a wide range of Anxiety scores. Maternal Anxiety was significantly associated with plasma cortisol before 17 weeks, albeit of modest magnitude (r = 0.0.23), and not after 17 weeks of gestation. This is probably due to the known attenuation of the Maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis with increasing gestation. We found a strong correlation between Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid cortisol levels, which increased with gestation and became robust after 18 weeks. This correlation increased with Maternal Anxiety, suggesting a possible effect of Maternal mood on placental function. There was a positive correlation between cortisol and testosterone in amniotic fluid, in both male and female foetuses independent of Maternal Anxiety, plasma testosterone, gestational age, and time of collection. Foetal stress may be associated with increased foetal exposure to testosterone. However, Maternal Anxiety did not predict amniotic fluid cortisol or testosterone level. Thus, the role of these hormones in mediating the effect of Maternal mood on foetal development in humans remains to be demonstrated.
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Maternal Anxiety at amniocentesis and plasma cortisol
Prenatal Diagnosis, 2006Co-Authors: Pampa Sarkar, Nicholas M Fisk, Kristin Bergman, Vivette GloverAbstract:Objectives To assess whether anticipation of amniocentesis is linked with Maternal Anxiety, and whether this Anxiety is associated with increased Maternal plasma cortisol.
Roseriet Beijers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the first 12 5 years of parenthood a latent trait state occasion model of the longitudinal association between Maternal distress and child internalizing and externalizing problems
Developmental Psychology, 2021Co-Authors: Marjolein A Missler, Annemieke Van Straten, Jaap J A Denissen, Tara Donker, Carolina De Weerth, Roseriet BeijersAbstract:Maternal Anxiety and depression symptomatology are risk factors for the development of children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. However, it is still unclear whether chronic and transient symptoms relate differently to child behavior. The aim of this prospective longitudinal study (N = 193) was to investigate the associations between Anxiety and depression symptomatology in a community sample across the first 12.5 years of parenthood, and children's internalizing and externalizing problems. Maternal Anxiety and depression were measured at the child's age of 3, 6, and 12 months, and 2.5, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12.5 years. At 12.5 years of age, both mothers and children reported on children's internalizing and externalizing problems. Trait-state occasion modeling was used to disentangle the chronic (trait) part of Maternal symptomatology from the transient (occasion-specific) part. On average, 66.6% of the variance in Maternal Anxiety and depression symptomatology could be explained by the chronic trait factor. For both Anxiety and depression, the chronic variance in Maternal symptomatology was related to mother-reported internalizing, but not externalizing, problems of the child. Also, for child-reported internalizing problems, a significant association with Maternal Anxiety and depression symptomatology emerged. Only the occasion-specific part of Maternal depression symptomatology at the child's age of 12.5 years was marginally related to mother-reported internalizing problems. Given that chronic subclinical symptomatology seems to be associated with child internalizing problems, prevention and treatment of Maternal Anxiety and depression symptomatology might be worthwhile regardless of the degree of severity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
John R Britton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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infant temperament and Maternal Anxiety and depressed mood in the early postpartum period
Women & Health, 2011Co-Authors: John R BrittonAbstract:Although difficult infant temperament has been associated with Maternal postpartum Anxiety and depressed mood in later infancy, the emergence of this association in the early postpartum period has not been explored. In a survey study of 296 mothers of healthy term newborns during the first postpartum month, the relationship of infant temperament with Maternal Anxiety and depressed mood was explored. Maternal ratings of infant temperament were measured by the Early Infancy Temperament Questionnaire. Postpartum Anxiety was measured by the State Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and depressed mood by the Beck Depression Inventory. The State Scale and Beck Depression Inventory correlated positively with ratings of infant activity, rhythmicity, approach, distractibility, and overall temperamental difficulty. In addition, the State Scale correlated positively with ratings of adaptability and intensity. In regression analyses, controlling for other factors, ratings of overall temperamental difficulty were independently associated with both State Scale and Beck Depression Inventory scores. Associations of difficult infant temperament with Maternal postpartum Anxiety and depressive symptoms emerge early in the postpartum period. These associations are independent of other known contributors to postpartum mood.
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Maternal Anxiety course and antecedents during the early postpartum period
Depression and Anxiety, 2008Co-Authors: John R BrittonAbstract:The early course and antecedents of postpartum Anxiety are unknown. This study sought to determine the course and antecedents of Maternal Anxiety during the first month postpartum and to develop a model to predict 1-month Anxiety using information obtainable before perinatal hospital discharge. Two hundred and ninety-six mothers were screened before discharge with the State (SS) and Trait (TS) Scales of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Demographic characteristics were assessed by questionnaire and medical record review, and psychiatric history, measures of perinatal stress, and resilient factors were determined by focused questions and formal instruments. At 1-month postpartum, the SS was repeated. Scores on the SS were significantly higher at 1 month than immediately postpartum (35.30+/-0.68 versus 33.38+/-0.60, mean+/-standard error, P=.004), but only 58.6% of mothers with high pre-discharge Anxiety had high Anxiety at 1 month. One-month Anxiety correlated with pre-discharge SS and TS scores, a history of psychiatric problems including depressed mood, medical and negative social life events, lack of pregnancy planning and prenatal class attendance, perceived peripartum stress, and duration of postpartum hospital stay. Inverse correlations were observed with education, household income, and resiliency factors. In multivariate modeling, Anxiety trait, education, history >or=2 years of depression, and perception of peripartum stress accounted for 50% of the variance in the 1-month SS score. Maternal Anxiety increases during the first postpartum month. Women with high trait Anxiety, low education, a history of depressed mood, and a perception of high peripartum stress are at risk for experiencing Anxiety at this time.