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J T S Walker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Regulatory Innovation, Mating Disruption and 4-PlayTM in New Zealand
Journal of chemical ecology, 2016Co-Authors: David M. Suckling, Ashraf M. El-sayed, J T S WalkerAbstract:Straight-chained lepidopteran pheromones are now regulated under a group standard in New Zealand, which is generic for moth pheromone products of similar low risk, under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act (1996). This means that compliant new pheromone products can be developed and commercialized with low regulatory requirements. This encourages innovation and supports fruit industries interested in meeting export phytosanitary standards, while targeting low or nil residues of pesticides. Changes to pheromone blends for reasons such as technical improvements or variations in pest species composition in different crops can be made with minimal regulatory involvement. We illustrate how this system now operates with a four species Mating Disruption product commercialized in 2012. The odors involved in “4-Play™” consist of a range of components used by codling moth (Cydia pomonella), lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana), green-headed leafroller (Planotortrix octo), and brown-headed leafroller (Ctenopseustis obliquana). The development of 4-Play™ illustrates how Mating Disruption of insects can support industry goals.
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Regulatory Innovation, Mating Disruption and 4-Play^TM in New Zealand
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: David M. Suckling, Ashraf M. El-sayed, J T S WalkerAbstract:Straight-chained lepidopteran pheromones are now regulated under a group standard in New Zealand, which is generic for moth pheromone products of similar low risk, under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act (1996). This means that compliant new pheromone products can be developed and commercialized with low regulatory requirements. This encourages innovation and supports fruit industries interested in meeting export phytosanitary standards, while targeting low or nil residues of pesticides. Changes to pheromone blends for reasons such as technical improvements or variations in pest species composition in different crops can be made with minimal regulatory involvement. We illustrate how this system now operates with a four species Mating Disruption product commercialized in 2012. The odors involved in “4-Play™” consist of a range of components used by codling moth ( Cydia pomonella ), lightbrown apple moth ( Epiphyas postvittana ), green-headed leafroller ( Planotortrix octo ), and brown-headed leafroller ( Ctenopseustis obliquana ). The development of 4-Play™ illustrates how Mating Disruption of insects can support industry goals.
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Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) Mating Disruption outcomes in apple orchards
New Zealand Plant Protection, 2013Co-Authors: J T S Walker, R M Horner, N.m. Park, J.g. Hughes, T M FraserAbstract:New Zealand apple growers need to produce crops that satisfy conlicting export market requirements. Some markets want pest-free fruit, while others demand residue-free fruit. Pheromone Mating Disruption combined with the judicious use of insecticides enables crops to meet both demands. This study in 14 Hawke's Bay apple orchards showed that seasonal pheromone trap catch was reduced by 70%, from 40.1 codling moths/trap in the season before Mating Disruption was introduced to 11.7 moths/trap over the subsequent ive seasons. In the same period, insecticide use reduced from 5.9 applications/season in 2006- 07 to 2.3 in 2007-08 and 3.7 since 2008-09. The incidence of larvae in fruit where Mating Disruption operated averaged 0.01%, which was lower than in orchards using insecticides only. Damage increased from 2008-09 with greater reliance on codling moth granulosis virus over residual insecticides. Nevertheless, Mating Disruption with 3-4 insecticide sprays controlled codling moth to the high standard needed.
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development of multiple species Mating Disruption to control codling moth and leafrollers lepidoptera tortricidae
New Zealand Plant Protection, 2013Co-Authors: P L Lo, J T S Walker, R M Horner, Duncan HedderleyAbstract:Codling moth ( Cydia pomonella) and leafrollers, principally lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana), are key pests of apples. Pheromone Mating Disruption has until now required separate dispensers to be deployed for each pest group. With 600-1000 dispensers per ha for each species, application costs are a signiicant factor limiting the wider adoption of multi-species Mating Disruption in New Zealand apple orchards. The aim was to integrate the two Disruption systems into a single dispenser, and evaluate its performance against that of separate dispensers, in paired block comparisons on four apple orchards. The three measures of effectiveness , pheromone trap catch, suppression of moth Mating and fruit damage at harvest, all showed no statistical differences between the two treatments. The performance of the new combination pheromone dispenser was equivalent to that when the two dispensers were deployed separately.
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use of Mating Disruption for control of new zealand leafrollers in apple orchards
New Zealand Plant Protection, 2011Co-Authors: J T S Walker, T M Fraser, D J Rogers, Ashraf M Elsayed, David M. Suckling, P L Lo, R M HornerAbstract:Leafrollers are important pests of apples and infested fruit can result in rejection of export consignments. Leafroller Mating Disruption using a pheromone blend with activity against three species was examined in 12 Hawke's Bay orchards over two seasons (2009- 10 and 2010-11). Pheromone dispensers (600/ha) and a single insecticide were applied to trees in early November, and subsequent insecticide use was based on leafroller pheromone trapping and thresholds. The pheromone blend substantially suppressed Mating of virgin female lightbrown apple moth in treated orchards and reduced male catch in pheromone traps by up to 98% compared with the season prior to implementation. Insecticide use for leafroller control decreased accordingly, from 2.1-2.7 insecticides per block in 2008/09 to 1.0-1.8 in 2010/11. Leafroller control using Mating Disruption was acceptable, fruit damage varied from 0.3% to 0.16% and no leafroller larvae were found on fruit in both field assessments and phytosanitary inspections of packed cartons.
David M. Suckling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is the Combination of Insecticide and Mating Disruption Synergistic or Additive in Lightbrown Apple Moth, Epiphyas postvittana?
PloS one, 2016Co-Authors: David M. Suckling, Greg Baker, Latif Salehi, Bill WoodsAbstract:Pest suppression from combinations of tactics is fundamental to pest management and eradication. Interactions may occur among tactical combinations and affect suppression. The best case is synergistic, where suppression from a combination is greater than the sum of effects from single tactics (AB >> A+B). We explored how Mating Disruption and insecticide interacted at field scale, additively or synergistically. Use of a pheromone delivery formulation (SPLAT™) as either a Mating Disruption treatment (i.e. a two-component pheromone alone) or as a lure and kill treatment (i.e. the two-component pheromone plus a permethrin insecticide) was compared for efficacy against the lightbrown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana. Next, four point-source densities of the SPLAT™ formulations were compared for communication Disruption. Finally, the Mating Disruption and lure and kill treatments were applied with a broadcast insecticide. Population assessment used virgin female traps and synthetic pheromone in replicated 9-ha vineyard plots compared with untreated controls and insecticide-treated plots, to investigate interactions. Lure and kill and Mating Disruption provided equivalent suppression; no additional benefit accrued from including permethrin with the pheromone suggesting lack of contact. The highest point-source density tested (625/ha) was most effective. The insect growth regulator methoxyfenoxide applied by broadcast application lowered pest prevalence by 70% for the first ten weeks compared to pre-trial. Pheromone addition suppressed the pest further by an estimated 92.5%, for overall suppression of 97.7% from the treatment combination of insecticide plus Mating Disruption. This was close to that expected for an additive model of interactivity between insecticide and Mating Disruption (AB = A+B) estimated from plots with single tactics as 98% suppression in a combination. The results indicate the need to examine other tactical combinations to achieve the potential cost-efficiencies of synergistic interactions.
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Regulatory Innovation, Mating Disruption and 4-PlayTM in New Zealand
Journal of chemical ecology, 2016Co-Authors: David M. Suckling, Ashraf M. El-sayed, J T S WalkerAbstract:Straight-chained lepidopteran pheromones are now regulated under a group standard in New Zealand, which is generic for moth pheromone products of similar low risk, under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act (1996). This means that compliant new pheromone products can be developed and commercialized with low regulatory requirements. This encourages innovation and supports fruit industries interested in meeting export phytosanitary standards, while targeting low or nil residues of pesticides. Changes to pheromone blends for reasons such as technical improvements or variations in pest species composition in different crops can be made with minimal regulatory involvement. We illustrate how this system now operates with a four species Mating Disruption product commercialized in 2012. The odors involved in “4-Play™” consist of a range of components used by codling moth (Cydia pomonella), lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana), green-headed leafroller (Planotortrix octo), and brown-headed leafroller (Ctenopseustis obliquana). The development of 4-Play™ illustrates how Mating Disruption of insects can support industry goals.
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Regulatory Innovation, Mating Disruption and 4-Play^TM in New Zealand
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: David M. Suckling, Ashraf M. El-sayed, J T S WalkerAbstract:Straight-chained lepidopteran pheromones are now regulated under a group standard in New Zealand, which is generic for moth pheromone products of similar low risk, under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act (1996). This means that compliant new pheromone products can be developed and commercialized with low regulatory requirements. This encourages innovation and supports fruit industries interested in meeting export phytosanitary standards, while targeting low or nil residues of pesticides. Changes to pheromone blends for reasons such as technical improvements or variations in pest species composition in different crops can be made with minimal regulatory involvement. We illustrate how this system now operates with a four species Mating Disruption product commercialized in 2012. The odors involved in “4-Play™” consist of a range of components used by codling moth ( Cydia pomonella ), lightbrown apple moth ( Epiphyas postvittana ), green-headed leafroller ( Planotortrix octo ), and brown-headed leafroller ( Ctenopseustis obliquana ). The development of 4-Play™ illustrates how Mating Disruption of insects can support industry goals.
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multiple species Mating Disruption of leafrollers in cherries in central otago
New Zealand Plant Protection, 2013Co-Authors: G F Mclaren, B T Hislop, Ashraf M Elsayed, David M. Suckling, T F S JonesAbstract:Mating Disruption for leafrollers has been conducted on a commercial scale using a single multi-species pheromone dispenser on contiguous blocks of cherries in Central Otago for 4 years. Pheromone trap and packhouse results were collected from isolated untreated (65.4 ha) and pheromone-treated cherry orchard areas (76.4 ha) in the Cromwell district. In untreated cherry orchards, catches of light brown apple moth ( Epiphyas postvittana) were
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use of Mating Disruption for control of new zealand leafrollers in apple orchards
New Zealand Plant Protection, 2011Co-Authors: J T S Walker, T M Fraser, D J Rogers, Ashraf M Elsayed, David M. Suckling, P L Lo, R M HornerAbstract:Leafrollers are important pests of apples and infested fruit can result in rejection of export consignments. Leafroller Mating Disruption using a pheromone blend with activity against three species was examined in 12 Hawke's Bay orchards over two seasons (2009- 10 and 2010-11). Pheromone dispensers (600/ha) and a single insecticide were applied to trees in early November, and subsequent insecticide use was based on leafroller pheromone trapping and thresholds. The pheromone blend substantially suppressed Mating of virgin female lightbrown apple moth in treated orchards and reduced male catch in pheromone traps by up to 98% compared with the season prior to implementation. Insecticide use for leafroller control decreased accordingly, from 2.1-2.7 insecticides per block in 2008/09 to 1.0-1.8 in 2010/11. Leafroller control using Mating Disruption was acceptable, fruit damage varied from 0.3% to 0.16% and no leafroller larvae were found on fruit in both field assessments and phytosanitary inspections of packed cartons.
Charles S. Burks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Persistence of Mating Suppression of the Indian Meal Moth Plodia Interpunctella in the Presence and Absence of Commercial Mating Disruption Dispensers.
Insects, 2020Co-Authors: L.k.w. Wijayaratne, Charles S. BurksAbstract:The Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is controlled by commercial Mating Disruption dispensers using passive release to emit high concentrations (relative to females or monitoring lures) of their principal sex pheromone component, (9Z,12E)-tetradecadienyl acetate. Since P. interpunctella is sexually active throughout the scotophase, an assay system was developed to determine the importance of direct interaction of the male with the dispenser, and whether exposure to Mating Disruption early in the night is sufficient to suppress Mating throughout the night. Exposure to Mating Disruption dispensers in the Mating assay chamber for the first two hours of a 10-h scotophase significantly reduced Mating when females were introduced four hours later. Mating was also reduced to a lesser degree in a concentration-dependent manner based solely on re-emission of pheromone, and when males were exposed outside the Mating assay chamber. These results indicate that the commercial Mating Disruption dispensers can suppress Mating throughout the night based on interaction with the dispenser early in the night. Desensitization resulting from attraction to a high-concentration pheromone source is important to this suppression, but other factors such as re-emission from the environment may also have a role. These observations imply a non-competitive mechanism for P. interpunctella with the product studied, and suggest that effectiveness of the Mating Disruption dispenser might be augmented by using them in conjunction with another formulation such as an aerosol or micro-encapsulated product.
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Optimizing Efficiency of Aerosol Mating Disruption for Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).
Journal of economic entomology, 2019Co-Authors: Charles S. Burks, Donald R ThomsonAbstract:Improved cost efficiency for aerosol Mating Disruption for the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella Walker, was examined in experiments performed between 2015 and 2017. A programmable dispenser was used to explore the effects of frequency of treatment, time of night when pheromone was emitted, and the concentration of pheromone required. A negative curvilinear trend of males captured as a function of emission frequency was evident in the range of 2-12 emissions per hour. A subsequent experiment found greater trap suppression when the same amount of active ingredient was emitted seven times per hour compared with the same amount of material emitted at twice the concentration but half the frequency. Another experiment found no significant difference in cumulative trap suppression between treatment for the last 4 or 6 h of the night compared with 12 h. A subsequent experiment comparing a current commercial Mating Disruption system emitting for 12 h with a proposed alternative emitting more material per hour for fewer hours showed similar levels of suppression of males in pheromone traps. A season-long efficacy trial using dispensers deployed and programmed based on these findings demonstrated significant reduction of damage to Nonpareil almonds treated with Mating Disruption. These data reveal important information about the response of the navel orangeworm to aerosol Mating Disruption, which provides improved cost-effectiveness compared with the status quo ante. These findings for navel orangeworm are discussed in relation to studies of aerosol Mating Disruption for the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
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Comparison of monitoring techniques in and near almonds and pistachios under Mating Disruption treatment for navel orangeworm
Acta Horticulturae, 2018Co-Authors: Charles S. Burks, Bradley S. Higbee, John J. BeckAbstract:As use of Mating Disruption for control of the navel orangeworm Amyelois transitella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in California increases, it becomes more important to find non-pheromonal attractants that perform well for monitoring both in the presence and absence of Mating Disruption. Accordingly, in a study running from June to mid-September we compared the performance of navel orangeworm traps baited with either phenyl propionate (PPO) or an attractive synthetic five-component kairomone blend (kairomone blend). The attractants were evaluated alone and combined with a pheromone lure in both almond and pistachio orchards that were either under navel orangeworm Mating Disruption treatments or in the vicinity of Mating Disruption. Under all tested conditions, traps baited with PPO alone and in combination with the pheromone lure (PPO-combo) captured more navel orangeworm adults than the kairomone blend alone, or, in three of the four sites, the kairomone blend with a pheromone lure (blend-combo). Traps baited with PPO alone capture more moths than traps baited with the kairomone blend alone and, under the conditions of this study, the attractiveness of both PPO and the kairomone blend were enhanced when presented with pheromone. These findings indicate that both the kairomone blend and PPO can serve for monitoring navel orangeworm in orchards under Mating Disruption treatments and in regions where Mating Disruption is common; but the more robust detection ability of PPO gives it an advantage for this application.
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combination phenyl propionate pheromone traps for monitoring navel orangeworm lepidoptera pyralidae in almonds in the vicinity of Mating Disruption
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2017Co-Authors: Charles S. BurksAbstract:Aerosol Mating Disruption is used for management of navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in an increasing portion of California almonds and pistachios. This formulation suppresses pheromone monitoring traps far beyond the treatment block, potentially complicating monitoring and management of this key pest. Phenyl propionate is an attractant used to capture adults in the presence of Mating Disruption, completely suppressing pheromone traps, and lures combining phenyl propionate with a pheromone lure (PPO-combo lure) synergize trap capture in the presence of Mating Disruption. In this study, laboratory and field trials of different phenyl propionate dispensers indicate a useful life of six weeks. Controlled experiments found similar numbers of adults captured in phenyl propionate and PPO-combo lures in the presence of varying levels of Mating Disruption intensity. A subsequent trial compared monitoring of field plots at various distances from fields under commercial Mating Disruption for much of the growing season with pheromone and PPO-combo lures. Although there was some evidence of partial suppression of capture in PPO-combo traps closer to Mating Disruption compared with lures farther away, there was no failure of detection as occurred with pheromone lures. The ratio of adults in pheromone and PPO-combo traps varied with proximity from treated fields. These results indicate that, in addition to monitoring in Mating Disruption plots, phenyl propionate lures can be useful for insuring against failure of detection of navel orangeworm pressure in areas where Mating Disruption is widely used.
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Combination phenyl propionate/pheromone traps for monitoring navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in almonds in the vicinity of Mating Disruption.
Journal of economic entomology, 2017Co-Authors: Charles S. BurksAbstract:Aerosol Mating Disruption is used for management of navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in an increasing portion of California almonds and pistachios. This formulation suppresses pheromone monitoring traps far beyond the treatment block, potentially complicating monitoring and management of this key pest. Phenyl propionate is an attractant used to capture adults in the presence of Mating Disruption, completely suppressing pheromone traps, and lures combining phenyl propionate with a pheromone lure (PPO-combo lure) synergize trap capture in the presence of Mating Disruption. In this study, laboratory and field trials of different phenyl propionate dispensers indicate a useful life of six weeks. Controlled experiments found similar numbers of adults captured in phenyl propionate and PPO-combo lures in the presence of varying levels of Mating Disruption intensity. A subsequent trial compared monitoring of field plots at various distances from fields under commercial Mating Disruption for much of the growing season with pheromone and PPO-combo lures. Although there was some evidence of partial suppression of capture in PPO-combo traps closer to Mating Disruption compared with lures farther away, there was no failure of detection as occurred with pheromone lures. The ratio of adults in pheromone and PPO-combo traps varied with proximity from treated fields. These results indicate that, in addition to monitoring in Mating Disruption plots, phenyl propionate lures can be useful for insuring against failure of detection of navel orangeworm pressure in areas where Mating Disruption is widely used.
Jaime Primo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mating Disruption to control the striped rice stem borer: Pheromone blend, dispensing technology and number of releasing points
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Sandra Vacas, Jaime Primo, Ismael Navarro, Vicente Navarro-llopisAbstract:Abstract The effect of using low densities of different dispensing technologies on Mating Disruption of the striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker, was evaluated in the rice-growing area of Valencia (Spain) from 2011 to 2013. The reduction of the current number of release points (30 polymeric dispensers/ha) was investigated by installing 3 aerosol devices per ha (Experiments 1 and 2) or with clusters of hand-applied dispensers (10 or 5 release points/ha; Experiment 3). The influence of pheromone blend on Disruption was also studied by loading aerosol devices with the three-component blend or only the main pheromone compound, Z-11-hexadecenal. Results showed that the installation of 3 aerosol devices/ha or clusters of passive dispensers (total dose: 6.6–7.9 g/ha) proved equally effective as the conventional treatment with 30 Selibate®CS dispensers/ha (~ 5 g/ha), reducing damage below 1% of infested plants. Although the treatment with 3 aerosol devices/ha loaded with Z-11-hexadecenal provided control of damage comparable to the conventional Mating Disruption treatment, the higher captures recorded suggest that Mating Disruption with the incomplete pheromone blend is only slightly effective in the tested conditions. These changes in the number of point sources and pheromone blend could represent important advantages for the implementation of Mating Disruption against C. suppressalis.
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Mating Disruption of california red scale aonidiella aurantii maskell homoptera diaspididae using biodegradable mesoporous pheromone dispensers
Pest Management Science, 2010Co-Authors: Sandra Vacas, Cristina Alfaro, Vicente Navarrollopis, Jaime PrimoAbstract:BACKGROUND: The control of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), has encountered many difficulties, which has raised interest in alternative control methods. Up to now, the A. aurantii sex pheromone has been used only for monitoring. In a previous work the authors described a biodegradable mesoporous pheromone dispenser for Mating Disruption. To verify the efficacy of these dispensers, three field trials were conducted, and the results are shown in this paper. RESULTS: The study of the release profile of these dispensers revealed a mean pheromone emission value of 269 µg day−1 and levels of residual pheromone of 10% at the end of 250 days. During the second flight, an A. aurantii male catch reduction of 98% was achieved in the Mating Disruption plot of trial 1, 93.5% in trial 2 and 76.7% in trial 3. During the third flight, reductions were 94.1, 82.9 and 68.1% in trials 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Considering damaged fruit with more than five scales, reductions of about 80 and 60% were obtained in the Mating Disruption plots of trials 2 and 3, respectively, compared with an untreated plot, and a reduction of about 70% in trial 1 compared with an oil-treated plot. CONCLUSION: Mating Disruption has been found to be an efficient technique to control this pest, working equally well to a correctly sprayed oil treatment. Further studies are needed to improve the determination of the time of dispenser application and evaluate the effects of the pheromone on natural enemies. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
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optimization of pheromone dispenser density for managing the rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker by Mating Disruption
Crop Protection, 2009Co-Authors: Cristina Alfaro, Vicente Navarrollopis, Jaime PrimoAbstract:The rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most important rice pests worldwide. Rice is frequently grown in an intensive production system in areas adjacent to environmentally sensitive areas. Therefore, the use of insecticides is problematic and new techniques, including Mating Disruption, are being introduced. Due to the high cost of pheromones, it is essential to optimize the density of the pheromone dispensers. The main purpose of this research was to determine the minimal dosage and optimal dispenser distribution for effective Mating Disruption of C. suppressalis. To this end, we conducted a wide-area trial to test several dispenser densities, 31, 25 and 16 dispensers/ha during 3 years. Results were compared with a standard Mating Disruption treatment (51 dispensers/ha) and a standard aerial chemical treatment with tebufenozide. Treatment efficacy was determined by pheromone trap catches and crop damage assessment. The release rate of the pheromone dispensers was also quantified. The results of these trials suggest that such treatments provide effective pest control even with reduced pheromone dispenser densities. Longer-lasting dispensers with lower residual load at the end of trials will greatly improve the efficacy of Mating Disruption for C. suppressalis. Moreover, an important consideration is that these newly tested dispenser densities imply a significant reduction in the cost of the treatment. These results are essential in order to expand the use of Mating Disruption in rice crop protection.
Ashraf M. El-sayed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Regulatory Innovation, Mating Disruption and 4-PlayTM in New Zealand
Journal of chemical ecology, 2016Co-Authors: David M. Suckling, Ashraf M. El-sayed, J T S WalkerAbstract:Straight-chained lepidopteran pheromones are now regulated under a group standard in New Zealand, which is generic for moth pheromone products of similar low risk, under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act (1996). This means that compliant new pheromone products can be developed and commercialized with low regulatory requirements. This encourages innovation and supports fruit industries interested in meeting export phytosanitary standards, while targeting low or nil residues of pesticides. Changes to pheromone blends for reasons such as technical improvements or variations in pest species composition in different crops can be made with minimal regulatory involvement. We illustrate how this system now operates with a four species Mating Disruption product commercialized in 2012. The odors involved in “4-Play™” consist of a range of components used by codling moth (Cydia pomonella), lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana), green-headed leafroller (Planotortrix octo), and brown-headed leafroller (Ctenopseustis obliquana). The development of 4-Play™ illustrates how Mating Disruption of insects can support industry goals.
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Regulatory Innovation, Mating Disruption and 4-Play^TM in New Zealand
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: David M. Suckling, Ashraf M. El-sayed, J T S WalkerAbstract:Straight-chained lepidopteran pheromones are now regulated under a group standard in New Zealand, which is generic for moth pheromone products of similar low risk, under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act (1996). This means that compliant new pheromone products can be developed and commercialized with low regulatory requirements. This encourages innovation and supports fruit industries interested in meeting export phytosanitary standards, while targeting low or nil residues of pesticides. Changes to pheromone blends for reasons such as technical improvements or variations in pest species composition in different crops can be made with minimal regulatory involvement. We illustrate how this system now operates with a four species Mating Disruption product commercialized in 2012. The odors involved in “4-Play™” consist of a range of components used by codling moth ( Cydia pomonella ), lightbrown apple moth ( Epiphyas postvittana ), green-headed leafroller ( Planotortrix octo ), and brown-headed leafroller ( Ctenopseustis obliquana ). The development of 4-Play™ illustrates how Mating Disruption of insects can support industry goals.