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Josep Guarro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Melanospora (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) and its relatives
MycoKeys, 2018Co-Authors: Y. Marin-felix, Josep Guarro, José F. Cano-lira, Dania García, Andrew N. Miller, Alberto M. StchigelAbstract:The order Melanosporales comprises a large group of ascomycetes, most of them mycoparasites, characterized by the production of usually ostiolate, translucent ascomata, unitunicate asci, and unicellular, pigmented ascospores with germ pores or germ slits. The most studied taxa are Melanospora and Sphaerodes, but the boundaries with other morphologically closely related genera are not well resolved. In this study, the taxonomy of Melanospora and related taxa have been re-evaluated based on the analysis of nuclear rDNA, actin and elongation factor genes sequences of fresh isolates and numerous type and reference strains. The genus Melanospora has been restricted to species with ostiolate ascoma whose neck is composed of intermixed hyphae, and with a phialidic asexual morph. Microthecium has been re-established for species of Melanospora and Sphaerodes without a typical ascomatal neck or, if present, being short and composed of angular cells similar to those of the ascomatal wall, and usually producing bulbils. Three new genera have been proposed: Dactylidispora, possessing ascospores with a raised rim surrounding both terminal germ pores; Echinusitheca, with densely setose, dark ascomata; and Pseudomicrothecium, characterized by ascospores with indistinct germ pores. Dichotomous keys to identify the accepted genera of the Melanosporales, and keys to discriminate among the species of Melanospora and Microthecium, as well as a brief description of the accepted species of both genera, are also provided.
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A new species of Melanospora from Easter Island
Fungal Biology, 1999Co-Authors: Alberto M. Stchigel, Joan Cano, Josep GuarroAbstract:Melanospora pascuensis sp. nov., isolated from soil of Easter Island, is described and illustrated. The ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8 S rRNA gene sequences are also provided. The fungus can be recognized by the setose perithecial ascomata and the peculiar ring-like structure surrounding the ascospore germ pores. It is compared with other species of Melanospora and related genera.
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A new species of Melanospora from India
Fungal Biology, 1997Co-Authors: A.m. Stchigel, Josep Guarro, Maria José FiguerasAbstract:Melanospora collipora sp. nov. is described from soil. The most noteworthy feature is the presence of a hyaline rim around the germ pores. Relationships of the new species to other members of Ceratostomataceae and Chaetomiaceae are discussed.
Andrew N. Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Melanospora (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) and its relatives
MycoKeys, 2018Co-Authors: Y. Marin-felix, Josep Guarro, José F. Cano-lira, Dania García, Andrew N. Miller, Alberto M. StchigelAbstract:The order Melanosporales comprises a large group of ascomycetes, most of them mycoparasites, characterized by the production of usually ostiolate, translucent ascomata, unitunicate asci, and unicellular, pigmented ascospores with germ pores or germ slits. The most studied taxa are Melanospora and Sphaerodes, but the boundaries with other morphologically closely related genera are not well resolved. In this study, the taxonomy of Melanospora and related taxa have been re-evaluated based on the analysis of nuclear rDNA, actin and elongation factor genes sequences of fresh isolates and numerous type and reference strains. The genus Melanospora has been restricted to species with ostiolate ascoma whose neck is composed of intermixed hyphae, and with a phialidic asexual morph. Microthecium has been re-established for species of Melanospora and Sphaerodes without a typical ascomatal neck or, if present, being short and composed of angular cells similar to those of the ascomatal wall, and usually producing bulbils. Three new genera have been proposed: Dactylidispora, possessing ascospores with a raised rim surrounding both terminal germ pores; Echinusitheca, with densely setose, dark ascomata; and Pseudomicrothecium, characterized by ascospores with indistinct germ pores. Dichotomous keys to identify the accepted genera of the Melanosporales, and keys to discriminate among the species of Melanospora and Microthecium, as well as a brief description of the accepted species of both genera, are also provided.
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Coprophilous ascomycetes with passive ascospore liberation from Brazil
Phytotaxa, 2017Co-Authors: Roger Fagner Ribeiro Melo, Leonor Costa Maia, Andrew N. MillerAbstract:Ascomycetes with passive ascospore liberation fruiting on herbivore dung are discussed. A total of 270 samples of cattle, goat and horse dung were collected for 20 months along an edaphic and climatic gradient from the Atlantic Forest complex to the semi-arid Caatinga complex in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Thirteen species were identified and described. Lophotrichus bartlettii and Kernia nitida were the most frequently recorded species. Corynascus sepedonium , Leuconeurospora pulcherrima , Melanospora damnosa , M. zamiae, Mycoarachis inversa , Zopfiella erostrata and Zopfiella longicaudata are reported for the first time in Brazil. Descriptions, a photographic plate and an identification key to the studied species, along with a table with key characters of the most common genera of coprophilous ascomycetes with passive ascospore liberation are provided.
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Recommendations for competing sexual-asexually typified generic names in Sordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales)
IMA Fungus, 2016Co-Authors: Martina Réblová, Andrew N. Miller, Paul F. Cannon, David L. Hawksworth, Mohamed A. Abdel-wahab, Amy Y. Rossman, Keith A. Seifert, Pedro W. Crous, Dinushani A. Daranagama, Z. Wilhelm De BeerAbstract:With the advance to one scientific name for each fungal species, the generic names in the class Sordariomycetes typified by sexual and asexual morphs are evaluated based on their type species to determine if they compete with each other for use or protection. Recommendations are made for which of the competing generic names should be used based on criteria such as priority, number of potential names changes, and frequency of use. Some recommendations for well- known genera include Arthrinium over Apiospora, Colletotrichum over Glomerella, Menispora over Zignoella, Microdochium over Monographella, Nigrospora over Khuskia , and Plectosphaerella over Plectosporium. All competing generic names are listed in a table of recommended names along with the required action. If priority is not accorded to sexually typified generic names after 2017, only four names would require formal protection: Chaetosphaerella over Oedemium, Diatrype over Libertella , Microdochium over Monographella , and Phaeoacremonium over Romellia and Togninia. Concerning species in the recommended genera, one replacement name (Xylaria benjaminii nom. nov.) is introduced, and the following new combinations are made: Arthrinium sinense , Chloridium caesium , C. chloroconium , C. gonytrichii , Corollospora marina, C. parvula, C. ramulosa, Juncigena fruticosae, Melanospora simplex, Seimatosporium massarina, Sporoschisma daemonoropis , S. taitense , Torpedospora mangrovei , Xylaria penicilliopsis , and X. termiticola combs. nov.
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An overview of the systematics of the Sordariomycetes based on a four-gene phylogeny
Mycologia, 2006Co-Authors: Ning Zhang, Andrew N. Miller, Conrad L. Schoch, Jan Kohlmeyer, Amy Y. Rossman, Keith A. Seifert, Lisa A. Castlebury, Sabine M. Huhndorf, Jack D. Rogers, Brigitte Volkmann-kohlmeyerAbstract:The Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes in the Ascomycota, and the majority of its species are characterized by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci. It includes more than 600 genera with over 3000 species and represents a wide range of ecologies including pathogens and endophytes of plants, animal pathogens and myco- parasites. To test and refine the classification of the Sordariomycetes sensu Eriksson (2006), the phyloge- netic relationship among 106 taxa from 12 orders out of 16 in the Sordariomycetes was investigated based on four nuclear loci (nSSU and nLSU rDNA, TEF and RPB2), using three species of the Leotiomycetes as outgroups. Three subclasses (i.e. Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetidae and Xylariomycetidae) currently recognized in the classification are well supported with the placement of the Lulworthiales in either a basal group of the Sordariomycetes or a sister group of the Hypocreomycetidae. Except for the Micro- ascales, our results recognize most of the orders as monophyletic groups. Melanospora species form a clade outside of the Hypocreales and are recognized as a distinct order in the Hypocreomycetidae. Glomerellaceae is excluded from the Phyllachorales and placed in Hypocreomycetidae incertae sedis. In the Sordariomycetidae, the Sordariales is a strongly supported clade and occurs within a well supported clade containing the Boliniales and Chaetosphaer- iales. Aspects of morphology, ecology and evolution are discussed.
Ning Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An overview of the systematics of the Sordariomycetes based on a four-gene phylogeny
Mycologia, 2006Co-Authors: Ning Zhang, Andrew N. Miller, Conrad L. Schoch, Jan Kohlmeyer, Amy Y. Rossman, Keith A. Seifert, Lisa A. Castlebury, Sabine M. Huhndorf, Jack D. Rogers, Brigitte Volkmann-kohlmeyerAbstract:The Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes in the Ascomycota, and the majority of its species are characterized by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci. It includes more than 600 genera with over 3000 species and represents a wide range of ecologies including pathogens and endophytes of plants, animal pathogens and myco- parasites. To test and refine the classification of the Sordariomycetes sensu Eriksson (2006), the phyloge- netic relationship among 106 taxa from 12 orders out of 16 in the Sordariomycetes was investigated based on four nuclear loci (nSSU and nLSU rDNA, TEF and RPB2), using three species of the Leotiomycetes as outgroups. Three subclasses (i.e. Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetidae and Xylariomycetidae) currently recognized in the classification are well supported with the placement of the Lulworthiales in either a basal group of the Sordariomycetes or a sister group of the Hypocreomycetidae. Except for the Micro- ascales, our results recognize most of the orders as monophyletic groups. Melanospora species form a clade outside of the Hypocreales and are recognized as a distinct order in the Hypocreomycetidae. Glomerellaceae is excluded from the Phyllachorales and placed in Hypocreomycetidae incertae sedis. In the Sordariomycetidae, the Sordariales is a strongly supported clade and occurs within a well supported clade containing the Boliniales and Chaetosphaer- iales. Aspects of morphology, ecology and evolution are discussed.
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Molecular phylogeny of Melanospora and similar pyrenomycetous fungi
Mycological Research, 2002Co-Authors: Ning Zhang, Meredith BlackwellAbstract:Species of Melanospora are parasitic on or closely associated with other fungi. The morphological characters traditionally used to place Melanospora and the Ceratostomataceae in Sordariales do not agree with their placement in our phylogenetic study. The nuclear encoded small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU nrDNA) grouped four species of Melanospora and several allied genera and species in Hypocreales, an order rich in mycoparasites. An analysis based on characters derived from deduced amino acids from the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RPB2) gene further supports the close relationship of Melanospora and Hypocreales. The nuclear encoded large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU nrDNA) phylogeny inferred six groups for 40 species in Hypocreales and allied genera (Bionectria, Claviceps, Hypocrea, Nectria, and Niesslia). Four species of Melanospora, including the type, and two Sphaerodes species formed a basal clade. Scopinella was placed in a distinct clade. Two other allies of Melanospora, Syspastospora and Persiciospora, were closely related to or within the Hypocrea and Nectria groups, respectively. The study argues for the reclassification of taxa that previously were placed in the Sordariales.
Alberto M. Stchigel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Melanospora (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) and its relatives
MycoKeys, 2018Co-Authors: Y. Marin-felix, Josep Guarro, José F. Cano-lira, Dania García, Andrew N. Miller, Alberto M. StchigelAbstract:The order Melanosporales comprises a large group of ascomycetes, most of them mycoparasites, characterized by the production of usually ostiolate, translucent ascomata, unitunicate asci, and unicellular, pigmented ascospores with germ pores or germ slits. The most studied taxa are Melanospora and Sphaerodes, but the boundaries with other morphologically closely related genera are not well resolved. In this study, the taxonomy of Melanospora and related taxa have been re-evaluated based on the analysis of nuclear rDNA, actin and elongation factor genes sequences of fresh isolates and numerous type and reference strains. The genus Melanospora has been restricted to species with ostiolate ascoma whose neck is composed of intermixed hyphae, and with a phialidic asexual morph. Microthecium has been re-established for species of Melanospora and Sphaerodes without a typical ascomatal neck or, if present, being short and composed of angular cells similar to those of the ascomatal wall, and usually producing bulbils. Three new genera have been proposed: Dactylidispora, possessing ascospores with a raised rim surrounding both terminal germ pores; Echinusitheca, with densely setose, dark ascomata; and Pseudomicrothecium, characterized by ascospores with indistinct germ pores. Dichotomous keys to identify the accepted genera of the Melanosporales, and keys to discriminate among the species of Melanospora and Microthecium, as well as a brief description of the accepted species of both genera, are also provided.
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A new species of Melanospora from Easter Island
Fungal Biology, 1999Co-Authors: Alberto M. Stchigel, Joan Cano, Josep GuarroAbstract:Melanospora pascuensis sp. nov., isolated from soil of Easter Island, is described and illustrated. The ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8 S rRNA gene sequences are also provided. The fungus can be recognized by the setose perithecial ascomata and the peculiar ring-like structure surrounding the ascospore germ pores. It is compared with other species of Melanospora and related genera.
Richard T. Hanlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ultrastructure of ascosporogenesis in Melanospora zamiae
Mycologia, 1999Co-Authors: Teik-khiang Goh, Richard T. HanlinAbstract:This is the first ultrastructural study of as- cosporogenesis in Melanospora with deliquescing asci. Electron-opaque vesicles found in the ascogonial cell and the young ascus were involved in the formation of a double-membrane envelope just inside the ascus plasmalemma. The apparent origin of the ascospore- delimiting membrane is described using chemically fixed material. This alternative theory of double- membrane envelope formation as demonstrated in M. zamiae will be worthy of testing in other ascomy- cetes, especially in those shown to have the electron- opaque vesicles. The mature ascospores of M. zamiae were enveloped by two distinctive thick walls, which in fact comprised multiple layers of wall material. Due to the fast process of ascospore maturation, and the difficulties encountered during fixation of such thick-walled spores, the origins of ascospore wall ma- terials in M. zamiae remain unresolved.
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Spore Germination, Hyphal Morphology, Homothallism, and Conidial State in Melanospora zamiae
Fungal Science, 1998Co-Authors: Teik-khiang Goh, Kevin D. Hyde, Richard T. HanlinAbstract:Cultural morphology of Melanospora zamiae on V-8 vegetable juice agar is described and hyphal structure is illustrated with fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Homothalism is demonstrated and the connection to a conidial state is verified by means of single-ascospore isolates. The conidial state is described and illustrated with light and scanning electron micrographs. The need for an association in culture with a foreign fungus before sporulation can occur is discussed.
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Nuclear divisions in the ascus and ascospores of Melanospora zamiae
Mycological Research, 1997Co-Authors: Teik-khiang Goh, Richard T. HanlinAbstract:In Melanospora zamiae a total of five nuclear divisions took place during ascosporogenesis. The first and second divisions were meiotic in which the single diploid nucleus divided into four haploid nuclei. The mitosis that followed gave rise to eight nuclei which characteristically assumed a 1:4:3 (apical:middle:basal) spacing in the clavate ascus. After ascospore delimitation, each nucleus in the young ascospore underwent two successive mitoses producing four haploid nuclei in each spore. Equatorial arrangement of these nuclei was observed in the mature ascospores.