The Experts below are selected from a list of 8172 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marco Davare - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sensorimotor Memory Biases weight perception during object lifting
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Vonne Van Polanen, Marco DavareAbstract:When lifting an object, the brain uses visual cues and an internal object representation to predict its weight and scale fingertip forces accordingly. Once available, tactile information is rapidly integrated to update the weight prediction and refine the internal object representation. If visual cues cannot be used to predict weight, force planning relies on implicit knowledge acquired from recent lifting experience, termed sensorimotor Memory. Here, we investigated whether perception of weight is similarly biased according to previous lifting experience and how this is related to force scaling. Participants grasped and lifted series of light or heavy objects in a semi-randomized order and estimated their weights. As expected, we found that forces were scaled based on previous lifts (sensorimotor Memory) and these effects increased depending on the length of recent lifting experience. Importantly, perceptual weight estimates were also influenced by the preceding lift, resulting in lower estimations after a heavy lift compared to a light one. In addition, weight estimations were negatively correlated with the magnitude of planned force parameters. This perceptual bias was only found if the current lift was light, but not heavy since the magnitude of sensorimotor Memory effects had, according to Weber's law, relatively less impact on heavy compared to light objects. A control experiment tested the importance of active lifting in mediating these perceptual changes and showed that when weights are passively applied on the hand, no effect of previous sensory experience is found on perception. These results highlight how fast learning of novel object lifting dynamics can shape weight perception and demonstrate a tight link between action planning and perception control. If predictive force scaling and actual object weight do not match, the online motor corrections, rapidly implemented to downscale forces, will also downscale weight estimation in a proportional manner.
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sensorimotor Memory Biases weight perception during object lifting
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Vonne Van Polanen, Marco DavareAbstract:When lifting an object, the brain uses visual cues and an internal object representation to predict its weight and scale fingertip forces accordingly. Once available, tactile information is rapidly integrated to update the weight prediction and refine the internal object representation. If visual cues cannot be used to predict weight, force planning relies on implicit knowledge acquired from recent lifting experience, termed sensorimotor Memory. Here, we investigated whether perception of weight is similarly biased according to previous lifting experience and how this is related to force scaling. Participants grasped and lifted series of light or heavy objects in a semi-randomized order and estimated their weights. As expected, we found that forces were scaled based on previous lifts (sensorimotor Memory) and these effects increased depending on the length of recent lifting experience. Importantly, perceptual weight estimates were also influenced by the preceding lift, resulting in lower estimations after a heavy lift compared to a light one. In addition, the weight estimations were negatively correlated with the magnitude of planned force parameters. This perceptual bias was only found if the current lift was light, but not heavy since the magnitude of sensorimotor Memory effects had, according to Weber’s law, relatively less impact on heavy compared to light objects. A control experiment tested the importance of active lifting in mediating these perceptual changes and showed that when weights are passively applied on the hand, no effect of previous sensory experience is found on perception. These results highlight how fast learning of novel object lifting dynamics can shape weight perception and demonstrate a tight link between action planning and perception control. If predictive force scaling and actual object weight do not match, the online motor corrections, rapidly implemented to downscale forces, will also downscale weight estimation in a proportional manner.
Jutta Joormann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cognitive bias modification for interpretation in major depression effects on Memory and stress reactivity
Clinical psychological science, 2015Co-Authors: Jutta Joormann, Christian E Waugh, Ian H. GotlibAbstract:Interpreting ambiguous stimuli in a negative manner is a core bias associated with depression. Investigators have used cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) to demonstrate that it is possible to experimentally induce and modify these Biases. In this study, we extend previous research by examining whether CBM-I affects not only interpretation but also Memory and physiological stress response in individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder. We found that CBM-I was effective in inducing an interpretive bias. Participants also exhibited Memory Biases that corresponded to their training condition and demonstrated differential physiological responding in a stress task. These results suggest that interpretation Biases in depression can be modified and that this training can lead to corresponding changes in Memory and to decreases in stress reactivity. Findings from this study highlight the importance of examining the relations among different cognitive Biases in major depressive disorder...
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cognitive bias modification for interpretation in major depression effects on Memory and stress reactivity
Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 2015Co-Authors: Jutta Joormann, Christian E Waugh, Ian H. GotlibAbstract:Interpreting ambiguous stimuli in a negative manner is a core bias associated with depression. Investigators have used cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) to demonstrate that it is possible to experimentally induce and modify these Biases. This study extends previous research by examining whether CBM-I affects not only interpretation, but also Memory and physiological stress response in individuals diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). We found that CBM-I was effective in inducing an interpretive bias. Participants also exhibited Memory Biases that corresponded to their training condition and demonstrated differential physiological responding in a stress task. These results suggest that interpretation Biases in depression can be modified, and that this training can lead to corresponding changes in Memory and to decreases in stress reactivity. Findings from this study highlight the importance of examining the relations among different cognitive Biases in MDD and the possibility of modifying cognitive Biases.
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children at risk for depression Memory Biases self schemas and genotypic variation
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Lauren D Asarnow, Jutta Joormann, Renee J Thompson, Ian H. GotlibAbstract:Background Daughters of depressed mothers are at increased risk for developing a depressive disorder. We know relatively little, however, about the specific factors that contribute to this elevated risk. The present study investigated the effects of familial risk for depression and the 5-HTTLPR and COMT Val158Met polymorphisms, which have been associated with risk for depression, on Biases in endorsement of and Memory for positive and negative adjectives.
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attention and Memory Biases in social anxiety disorder the role of comorbid depression
Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2012Co-Authors: Joelle Lemoult, Jutta JoormannAbstract:Cognitive Biases play an important role in the onset and maintenance of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Few studies, however, have examined the role of comorbid Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in the processing of emotional material. In addition, little is known about the relation among different cognitive Biases. In the current study, 73 participants (54.79% female) completed an emotion face dot-probe task followed by a recognition Memory test. Compared to participants with SAD, participants with comorbid SAD and MDD oriented away from supraliminally presented angry faces. Subsequently, SAD participants with and without comorbidity recognized fewer angry faces than non-disordered controls. Furthermore, attention Biases for subliminally presented stimuli predicted recognition accuracy only for comorbid participants. These results suggest that the presence of comorbid MDD affects attentional orienting in SAD participants. In addition, it highlights the interconnectedness of attention and Memory Biases for comorbid participants.
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cognitive bias modification induced interpretive Biases affect Memory
Emotion, 2011Co-Authors: Tanya B Tran, Paula T Hertel, Jutta JoormannAbstract:Previous research has shown that it is possible to experimentally induce interpretive Biases using ambiguous scenarios. This study extends past findings by examining the effects of cognitive bias modification for interpretation on subsequent scenario recall. Participants were trained to interpret emotionally ambiguous passages in either a positive or negative direction. Transfer of the training to novel scenarios was tested. After training, participants were also asked to recall details from these novel scenarios. The results indicate that the training was effective in inducing the intended group differences in interpretive bias. Importantly, participants exhibited Memory Biases that corresponded to their training condition. These results suggest that manipulating interpretive Biases can result in corresponding changes in Memory. Findings from this study highlight the importance of future research on the relation among cognitive Biases and on the possibility of modifying cognitive Biases in emotional disorders.
Thomas L Griffiths - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a rational analysis of the effects of Memory Biases on serial reproduction
Cognitive Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Jing Xu, Thomas L GriffithsAbstract:Abstract Many human interactions involve pieces of information being passed from one person to another, raising the question of how this process of information transmission is affected by the cognitive capacities of the agents involved. Bartlett (1932) explored the influence of Memory Biases on the “serial reproduction” of information, in which one person’s reconstruction of a stimulus from Memory becomes the stimulus seen by the next person. These experiments were done using relatively uncontrolled stimuli, but suggested that serial reproduction could transform information in a way that reflected the Biases inherent in Memory. We formally analyze serial reproduction using a Bayesian model of reconstruction from Memory, giving a general result characterizing the effect of Memory Biases on information transmission. We then test the predictions of this account in four experiments using simple one-dimensional stimuli. Our results provide theoretical and empirical justification for the idea that serial reproduction reflects Memory Biases.
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how Memory Biases affect information transmission a rational analysis of serial reproduction
Neural Information Processing Systems, 2008Co-Authors: Thomas L GriffithsAbstract:Many human interactions involve pieces of information being passed from one person to another, raising the question of how this process of information transmission is affected by the capacities of the agents involved. In the 1930s, Sir Frederic Bartlett explored the influence of Memory Biases in "serial reproduction" of information, in which one person's reconstruction of a stimulus from Memory becomes the stimulus seen by the next person. These experiments were done using relatively uncontrolled stimuli such as pictures and stories, but suggested that serial reproduction would transform information in a way that reflected the Biases inherent in Memory. We formally analyze serial reproduction using a Bayesian model of reconstruction from Memory, giving a general result characterizing the effect of Memory Biases on information transmission. We then test the predictions of this account in two experiments using simple one-dimensional stimuli. Our results provide theoretical and empirical justification for the idea that serial reproduction reflects Memory Biases.
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NIPS - How Memory Biases affect information transmission: A rational analysis of serial reproduction
2008Co-Authors: Thomas L GriffithsAbstract:Many human interactions involve pieces of information being passed from one person to another, raising the question of how this process of information transmission is affected by the capacities of the agents involved. In the 1930s, Sir Frederic Bartlett explored the influence of Memory Biases in "serial reproduction" of information, in which one person's reconstruction of a stimulus from Memory becomes the stimulus seen by the next person. These experiments were done using relatively uncontrolled stimuli such as pictures and stories, but suggested that serial reproduction would transform information in a way that reflected the Biases inherent in Memory. We formally analyze serial reproduction using a Bayesian model of reconstruction from Memory, giving a general result characterizing the effect of Memory Biases on information transmission. We then test the predictions of this account in two experiments using simple one-dimensional stimuli. Our results provide theoretical and empirical justification for the idea that serial reproduction reflects Memory Biases.
Ian H. Gotlib - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cognitive bias modification for interpretation in major depression effects on Memory and stress reactivity
Clinical psychological science, 2015Co-Authors: Jutta Joormann, Christian E Waugh, Ian H. GotlibAbstract:Interpreting ambiguous stimuli in a negative manner is a core bias associated with depression. Investigators have used cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) to demonstrate that it is possible to experimentally induce and modify these Biases. In this study, we extend previous research by examining whether CBM-I affects not only interpretation but also Memory and physiological stress response in individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder. We found that CBM-I was effective in inducing an interpretive bias. Participants also exhibited Memory Biases that corresponded to their training condition and demonstrated differential physiological responding in a stress task. These results suggest that interpretation Biases in depression can be modified and that this training can lead to corresponding changes in Memory and to decreases in stress reactivity. Findings from this study highlight the importance of examining the relations among different cognitive Biases in major depressive disorder...
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cognitive bias modification for interpretation in major depression effects on Memory and stress reactivity
Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 2015Co-Authors: Jutta Joormann, Christian E Waugh, Ian H. GotlibAbstract:Interpreting ambiguous stimuli in a negative manner is a core bias associated with depression. Investigators have used cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) to demonstrate that it is possible to experimentally induce and modify these Biases. This study extends previous research by examining whether CBM-I affects not only interpretation, but also Memory and physiological stress response in individuals diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). We found that CBM-I was effective in inducing an interpretive bias. Participants also exhibited Memory Biases that corresponded to their training condition and demonstrated differential physiological responding in a stress task. These results suggest that interpretation Biases in depression can be modified, and that this training can lead to corresponding changes in Memory and to decreases in stress reactivity. Findings from this study highlight the importance of examining the relations among different cognitive Biases in MDD and the possibility of modifying cognitive Biases.
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children at risk for depression Memory Biases self schemas and genotypic variation
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Lauren D Asarnow, Jutta Joormann, Renee J Thompson, Ian H. GotlibAbstract:Background Daughters of depressed mothers are at increased risk for developing a depressive disorder. We know relatively little, however, about the specific factors that contribute to this elevated risk. The present study investigated the effects of familial risk for depression and the 5-HTTLPR and COMT Val158Met polymorphisms, which have been associated with risk for depression, on Biases in endorsement of and Memory for positive and negative adjectives.
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attention and Memory Biases in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder indications from a pilot study
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Ian H. Gotlib, Jutta Joormann, Saskia Traill, Rebecca L Montoya, Kiki D ChangAbstract:Background: Although children of bipolar parents are at heightened risk for developing emotional disorders, the processes underlying this vulnerability are not well understood. This study examined Biases in the processing of emotional stimuli as a potential vulnerability marker of bipolar disorder. Methods: Sixteen children of bipolar parents who did not show any indication of having an emotional disorder at the time of testing and ten children of never-disordered control parents underwent a negative mood induction designed to activate cognitive schemas and were then administered an emotion Stroop task and a self-referent encoding task. Results: Children of bipolar parents were found to exhibit an attentional bias towards social-threat and manic-irritable words. Furthermore, although high- and low-risk children did not differ in their endorsement of positive and negative words as selfdescriptive, the high-risk children demonstrated better recall of negative words than did the low-risk children. Conclusions: Thus, children without a mood disorder who are at high risk for developing a mood disorder were found to exhibit Biases in attention and Memory that are similar to those found for bipolar and unipolar depressed adults, suggesting that children at increased risk for affective disorder are characterized by potentially pathogenic cognitive structures that can be activated by sad mood. These findings offer insights into mechanisms of cognitive vulnerability for bipolar disorders. Keywords: Children of bipolar parents, vulnerability, depression, risk factors, information processing Biases.
Richard G. Heimberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Memory Bias for Threat in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The Potential Importance of Stimulus Relevance
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 2007Co-Authors: Meredith E. Coles, Cynthia L. Turk, Richard G. HeimbergAbstract:Information processing models propose that anxious individuals are characterized by Memory Biases for mood‐congruent threat information. However, evidence for Memory Biases in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has been mixed at best. Given the heterogeneity of concerns in GAD, previous use of nomothetic stimulus sets may have precluded detection of Memory Biases. Therefore, in order to guarantee the relevance of the stimuli used, in the current study individuals with GAD each individually selected words that were of personal relevance to them. Using these idiographically selected words with 23 individuals with DSM‐IV GAD and 23 non‐anxious controls (NACs), results showed an implicit Memory bias for threat words in individuals with GAD compared with NACs. Furthermore, there was additional evidence that individuals with GAD may also be characterized by explicit Memory bias for threat words. The magnitude of group differences for explicit recall of threat words was similar to those previously observed in pa...
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Memory Biases in the anxiety disorders: Current status
Clinical Psychology Review, 2002Co-Authors: Meredith E. Coles, Richard G. HeimbergAbstract:Information-processing models of emotional disorders suggest that anxious individuals may be characterized by a Memory bias for threat-relevant information. This paper reviews and synthesizes evidence for explicit (conscious) and implicit (unconscious) Memory Biases in the anxiety disorders. Our review suggests variations among the anxiety disorders for explicit Memory Biases. Specifically, there is support for explicit Memory Biases for threat-relevant information in panic disorder (PD), particularly when information has been deeply encoded, but not in social phobia (SP) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The few available studies suggest the presence of explicit Memory Biases in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but further research is needed. In contrast, some degree of support for implicit Memory Biases has been demonstrated for each of the anxiety disorders. Inconsistencies in the existing literature, topics worthy of future research attention, and directions for revising existing information-processing models of anxiety are discussed.