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Clément Zanolli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hominin diversity in East Asia during the Middle Pleistocene: A premolar endostructural perspective 1 2
Journal of Human Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Lei Pan, Jean Dumoncel, Arnaud Mazurier, Clément ZanolliAbstract:Following the recent studies of East Asian mid-Middle to early Late Pleistocene hominin material, a large spectrum of morphological diversity has been recognized and the coexistence of archaic (‘Homo erectuslike’) and derived (‘modern-like’) dental morphological patterns has been highlighted. In fact, for most of these Chinese fossils, generally categorized as ‘archaic Homo sapiens’ or ‘post-H. erectus Homo’, the taxonomic attribution is a matter of contention. With the help of mCT techniques and a deformationbased 3D geometric morphometric approach, we focused on the morphological variation in the enameledentine junction (EDJ) of 18 upper and lower premolars from Chinese Middle Pleistocene hominins. We then compared our results with a number of fossil and modern human groups, including Early Pleistocene H. erectus from Sangiran; late Early Pleistocene hominins from Tighenif, Algeria; classic Neanderthals; and modern humans. Our results highlight an evolutionary/chronological trend of crown base reduction, elevation of EDJ topography, and EDJ surface simplification in the hominin groups studied here. Moreover, this study brings insights to the taxonomy/phylogeny of 6 late Middle Pleistocene specimens whose evolutionary placement has been debated for decades. Among these specimens, Changyang premolars show features that can be aligned with the Asian H. erectus hypodigm, whereas Panxian Dadong and Tongzi premolars are more similar to Late Pleistocene Homo. Compared with early to mid-Middle Pleistocene hominins in East Asia, late Middle Pleistocene hominins evince an enlarged morphological variation. A persistence of archaic morphotypes and possible admixture among populations during the late Middle Pleistocene are discussed.
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Hominin diversity in East Asia during the Middle Pleistocene: A premolar endostructural perspective.
Journal of human evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Lei Pan, Jean Dumoncel, Arnaud Mazurier, Clément ZanolliAbstract:Abstract Following the recent studies of East Asian mid-Middle to early Late Pleistocene hominin material, a large spectrum of morphological diversity has been recognized and the coexistence of archaic (‘Homo erectus-like’) and derived (‘modern-like’) dental morphological patterns has been highlighted. In fact, for most of these Chinese fossils, generally categorized as ‘archaic Homo sapiens’ or ‘post-H. erectus Homo’, the taxonomic attribution is a matter of contention. With the help of μCT techniques and a deformation-based 3D geometric morphometric approach, we focused on the morphological variation in the enamel–dentine junction (EDJ) of 18 upper and lower premolars from Chinese Middle Pleistocene hominins. We then compared our results with a number of fossil and modern human groups, including Early Pleistocene H. erectus from Sangiran; late Early Pleistocene hominins from Tighenif, Algeria; classic Neanderthals; and modern humans. Our results highlight an evolutionary/chronological trend of crown base reduction, elevation of EDJ topography, and EDJ surface simplification in the hominin groups studied here. Moreover, this study brings insights to the taxonomy/phylogeny of 6 late Middle Pleistocene specimens whose evolutionary placement has been debated for decades. Among these specimens, Changyang premolars show features that can be aligned with the Asian H. erectus hypodigm, whereas Panxian Dadong and Tongzi premolars are more similar to Late Pleistocene Homo. Compared with early to mid-Middle Pleistocene hominins in East Asia, late Middle Pleistocene hominins evince an enlarged morphological variation. A persistence of archaic morphotypes and possible admixture among populations during the late Middle Pleistocene are discussed.
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Structural analysis of premolar roots in Middle Pleistocene hominins from China
Journal of Human Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Lei Pan, Jean Dumoncel, Arnaud Mazurier, Clément ZanolliAbstract:This study investigates permanent maxillary and mandibular premolar root structural organization in East Asian Middle Pleistocene hominins. In addition to reporting and analyzing the linear and volumetric properties of the roots, we used a landmark-free approach to both qualify and quantify in 3D premolar root shape variation of Middle Pleistocene hominins in East Asia. Moreover, we focus on some mid-to late East Asian Middle Pleistocene hominin specimens whose taxonomic attribution is unclear. We find considerable cementum in this sample of hominins, similar to other fossil groups, but clearly different from modern humans which have a very small amount of cementum. Additionally, a smaller root pulp cavity is found in later Homo (Neanderthals and modern humans). Our analyses on the crown-root surface area ratio show that East Asian Middle Pleistocene Homo erectus as well as one late Middle Pleistocene Homo sp. specimen (PA 81 P4 from Changyang site) are distinguished from other fossil and extant groups by a relatively larger root surface, stout root branches and thick cementum deposits. This may represent a distinct East Asian H. erectus dental pattern. Geometric morphometric analyses on the external root surface reveal a general trend of shape simplification along the Homo lineage examined here, and distinguish Early Pleistocene Homo, Middle Pleistocene H. erectus, Neanderthals and modern human morphologies. The late Middle Pleistocene teeth from Changyang site (PA 76 P3 and PA 81 P4) are close to East Asian H. erectus and Neanderthals, while the mid-Middle Pleistocene P3 from Panxian Dadong falls within the modern human distribution. Combined with dental crown morphology and root number/form reported in previous studies, our results show that the external root shape can be considered a taxonomically relevant indicator. In general, an evolutionary tendency towards modern human morphology is observed in part of the East Asian Middle Pleistocene specimens, while a retention of primitive, H. erectus-like features is expressed in some late Middle Pleistocene specimens, supporting a multi-lineage and discontinuous scenario of human settlements in East Asia.
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Comparative observations on the premolar root and pulp canal configurations of Middle Pleistocene Homo in China
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2019Co-Authors: Lei Pan, Clément ZanolliAbstract:Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the root and root canal morphology of Homo fossil occupying China during the Middle Pleistocene period. Human occupation and evolutionary dynamics in East Asia during the Middle Pleistocene period is one of the most intriguing issues in paleoanthropology, with the coexistence of multiple lineages and
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Comparative observations on the premolar root and pulp canal configurations of Middle Pleistocene Homo in China.
American journal of physical anthropology, 2019Co-Authors: Lei Pan, Clément ZanolliAbstract:OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to explore the root and root canal morphology of Homo fossil occupying China during the Middle Pleistocene period. Human occupation and evolutionary dynamics in East Asia during the Middle Pleistocene period is one of the most intriguing issues in paleoanthropology, with the coexistence of multiple lineages and regional morphs suggesting a complex population interaction scenario. Although premolar root and canal morphology has certain phylogenetic, taxonomic, and functional implications, its morphological diversity, possible evolutionary trend and characteristics regarding Middle Pleistocene hominins inhabiting East Asia are still insufficiently understood; where these populations fits within the Homo lineage (with respect to root and pulp canal structure) needs to be explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using microtomography, we directly observed and assessed the nonmetric variability of root and canal forms in maxillary and mandibular premolars of Chinese Middle Pleistocene Homo (N = 19), and compared our observed variations with Eurasian Early Pleistocene specimens from the Asia continent (N = 1) and Java (N = 2), as well as with Neanderthals (N = 28) and recent modern humans (N = 67). RESULTS A total number of nine types of root-canal forms were recorded. As a whole, the Chinese Middle Pleistocene record shows an evolutionary trend toward a modern human-like condition (a reduction of root/canal number and a simplification of root surface structure). We documented primitive signals like high percentage of Tomes' root in lower premolars. A considerable occurrence of incompletely separated root branches and bifid root and canal apices, representing evolutionary transformation from multi-root to single-root condition was also noticed. The results were compared with previous publications on Early and Middle Pleistocene Homo in East Africa, North Africa, and Eurasia. CONCLUSION This work provides new original data, incorporates the latest human fossil discoveries and suggests that analyzing the variation of premolar root structural organization, notably integrating together root/canal form and number, could possibly contribute to taxonomic and phylogenetic assessments. The mid-Middle Pleistocene populations, or "classic" Homo erectus, in our study show closer affinity to Early and Middle Pleistocene hominins in Eurasia, than to East African early Homo, which supports the suggestion that at least some of the Early Pleistocene hominin groups in Eurasia contribute to the later population; on the other hand, it is still difficult to clearly trace the evolutionary fate of those late Middle Pleistocene populations (roughly assigned as archaic Homo sapiens through a craniodental perspective). More comparable materials from the Early to Middle Pleistocene period as well as precise chronological framework is needed to further explore the evolutionary trends of archaic hominins in the Asian continent before the arrival of modern humans.
Lei Pan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hominin diversity in East Asia during the Middle Pleistocene: A premolar endostructural perspective 1 2
Journal of Human Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Lei Pan, Jean Dumoncel, Arnaud Mazurier, Clément ZanolliAbstract:Following the recent studies of East Asian mid-Middle to early Late Pleistocene hominin material, a large spectrum of morphological diversity has been recognized and the coexistence of archaic (‘Homo erectuslike’) and derived (‘modern-like’) dental morphological patterns has been highlighted. In fact, for most of these Chinese fossils, generally categorized as ‘archaic Homo sapiens’ or ‘post-H. erectus Homo’, the taxonomic attribution is a matter of contention. With the help of mCT techniques and a deformationbased 3D geometric morphometric approach, we focused on the morphological variation in the enameledentine junction (EDJ) of 18 upper and lower premolars from Chinese Middle Pleistocene hominins. We then compared our results with a number of fossil and modern human groups, including Early Pleistocene H. erectus from Sangiran; late Early Pleistocene hominins from Tighenif, Algeria; classic Neanderthals; and modern humans. Our results highlight an evolutionary/chronological trend of crown base reduction, elevation of EDJ topography, and EDJ surface simplification in the hominin groups studied here. Moreover, this study brings insights to the taxonomy/phylogeny of 6 late Middle Pleistocene specimens whose evolutionary placement has been debated for decades. Among these specimens, Changyang premolars show features that can be aligned with the Asian H. erectus hypodigm, whereas Panxian Dadong and Tongzi premolars are more similar to Late Pleistocene Homo. Compared with early to mid-Middle Pleistocene hominins in East Asia, late Middle Pleistocene hominins evince an enlarged morphological variation. A persistence of archaic morphotypes and possible admixture among populations during the late Middle Pleistocene are discussed.
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Hominin diversity in East Asia during the Middle Pleistocene: A premolar endostructural perspective.
Journal of human evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Lei Pan, Jean Dumoncel, Arnaud Mazurier, Clément ZanolliAbstract:Abstract Following the recent studies of East Asian mid-Middle to early Late Pleistocene hominin material, a large spectrum of morphological diversity has been recognized and the coexistence of archaic (‘Homo erectus-like’) and derived (‘modern-like’) dental morphological patterns has been highlighted. In fact, for most of these Chinese fossils, generally categorized as ‘archaic Homo sapiens’ or ‘post-H. erectus Homo’, the taxonomic attribution is a matter of contention. With the help of μCT techniques and a deformation-based 3D geometric morphometric approach, we focused on the morphological variation in the enamel–dentine junction (EDJ) of 18 upper and lower premolars from Chinese Middle Pleistocene hominins. We then compared our results with a number of fossil and modern human groups, including Early Pleistocene H. erectus from Sangiran; late Early Pleistocene hominins from Tighenif, Algeria; classic Neanderthals; and modern humans. Our results highlight an evolutionary/chronological trend of crown base reduction, elevation of EDJ topography, and EDJ surface simplification in the hominin groups studied here. Moreover, this study brings insights to the taxonomy/phylogeny of 6 late Middle Pleistocene specimens whose evolutionary placement has been debated for decades. Among these specimens, Changyang premolars show features that can be aligned with the Asian H. erectus hypodigm, whereas Panxian Dadong and Tongzi premolars are more similar to Late Pleistocene Homo. Compared with early to mid-Middle Pleistocene hominins in East Asia, late Middle Pleistocene hominins evince an enlarged morphological variation. A persistence of archaic morphotypes and possible admixture among populations during the late Middle Pleistocene are discussed.
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Structural analysis of premolar roots in Middle Pleistocene hominins from China
Journal of Human Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Lei Pan, Jean Dumoncel, Arnaud Mazurier, Clément ZanolliAbstract:This study investigates permanent maxillary and mandibular premolar root structural organization in East Asian Middle Pleistocene hominins. In addition to reporting and analyzing the linear and volumetric properties of the roots, we used a landmark-free approach to both qualify and quantify in 3D premolar root shape variation of Middle Pleistocene hominins in East Asia. Moreover, we focus on some mid-to late East Asian Middle Pleistocene hominin specimens whose taxonomic attribution is unclear. We find considerable cementum in this sample of hominins, similar to other fossil groups, but clearly different from modern humans which have a very small amount of cementum. Additionally, a smaller root pulp cavity is found in later Homo (Neanderthals and modern humans). Our analyses on the crown-root surface area ratio show that East Asian Middle Pleistocene Homo erectus as well as one late Middle Pleistocene Homo sp. specimen (PA 81 P4 from Changyang site) are distinguished from other fossil and extant groups by a relatively larger root surface, stout root branches and thick cementum deposits. This may represent a distinct East Asian H. erectus dental pattern. Geometric morphometric analyses on the external root surface reveal a general trend of shape simplification along the Homo lineage examined here, and distinguish Early Pleistocene Homo, Middle Pleistocene H. erectus, Neanderthals and modern human morphologies. The late Middle Pleistocene teeth from Changyang site (PA 76 P3 and PA 81 P4) are close to East Asian H. erectus and Neanderthals, while the mid-Middle Pleistocene P3 from Panxian Dadong falls within the modern human distribution. Combined with dental crown morphology and root number/form reported in previous studies, our results show that the external root shape can be considered a taxonomically relevant indicator. In general, an evolutionary tendency towards modern human morphology is observed in part of the East Asian Middle Pleistocene specimens, while a retention of primitive, H. erectus-like features is expressed in some late Middle Pleistocene specimens, supporting a multi-lineage and discontinuous scenario of human settlements in East Asia.
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Comparative observations on the premolar root and pulp canal configurations of Middle Pleistocene Homo in China
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2019Co-Authors: Lei Pan, Clément ZanolliAbstract:Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the root and root canal morphology of Homo fossil occupying China during the Middle Pleistocene period. Human occupation and evolutionary dynamics in East Asia during the Middle Pleistocene period is one of the most intriguing issues in paleoanthropology, with the coexistence of multiple lineages and
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Comparative observations on the premolar root and pulp canal configurations of Middle Pleistocene Homo in China.
American journal of physical anthropology, 2019Co-Authors: Lei Pan, Clément ZanolliAbstract:OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to explore the root and root canal morphology of Homo fossil occupying China during the Middle Pleistocene period. Human occupation and evolutionary dynamics in East Asia during the Middle Pleistocene period is one of the most intriguing issues in paleoanthropology, with the coexistence of multiple lineages and regional morphs suggesting a complex population interaction scenario. Although premolar root and canal morphology has certain phylogenetic, taxonomic, and functional implications, its morphological diversity, possible evolutionary trend and characteristics regarding Middle Pleistocene hominins inhabiting East Asia are still insufficiently understood; where these populations fits within the Homo lineage (with respect to root and pulp canal structure) needs to be explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using microtomography, we directly observed and assessed the nonmetric variability of root and canal forms in maxillary and mandibular premolars of Chinese Middle Pleistocene Homo (N = 19), and compared our observed variations with Eurasian Early Pleistocene specimens from the Asia continent (N = 1) and Java (N = 2), as well as with Neanderthals (N = 28) and recent modern humans (N = 67). RESULTS A total number of nine types of root-canal forms were recorded. As a whole, the Chinese Middle Pleistocene record shows an evolutionary trend toward a modern human-like condition (a reduction of root/canal number and a simplification of root surface structure). We documented primitive signals like high percentage of Tomes' root in lower premolars. A considerable occurrence of incompletely separated root branches and bifid root and canal apices, representing evolutionary transformation from multi-root to single-root condition was also noticed. The results were compared with previous publications on Early and Middle Pleistocene Homo in East Africa, North Africa, and Eurasia. CONCLUSION This work provides new original data, incorporates the latest human fossil discoveries and suggests that analyzing the variation of premolar root structural organization, notably integrating together root/canal form and number, could possibly contribute to taxonomic and phylogenetic assessments. The mid-Middle Pleistocene populations, or "classic" Homo erectus, in our study show closer affinity to Early and Middle Pleistocene hominins in Eurasia, than to East African early Homo, which supports the suggestion that at least some of the Early Pleistocene hominin groups in Eurasia contribute to the later population; on the other hand, it is still difficult to clearly trace the evolutionary fate of those late Middle Pleistocene populations (roughly assigned as archaic Homo sapiens through a craniodental perspective). More comparable materials from the Early to Middle Pleistocene period as well as precise chronological framework is needed to further explore the evolutionary trends of archaic hominins in the Asian continent before the arrival of modern humans.
Erik Trinkaus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Late Middle Pleistocene hominin teeth from Panxian Dadong, South China.
Journal of human evolution, 2013Co-Authors: Liu, Erik Trinkaus, Lynne A. Schepartz, Xing, Sari Miller-antonio, María Martinón-torresAbstract:The hominin teeth and evidence of hominin activities recovered from 1991 to 2005 at the Panxian Dadong site in South China are dated to the late Middle Pleistocene (MIS 8-6 or ca. 130-300 ka), a period for which very little is known about the morphology of Asian populations. The present study provides the first detailed morphometric description and comparisons of four hominin teeth (I(1), C1, P(3) and P3) from this site. Our study shows that the Panxian Dadong teeth combine archaic and derived features that align them with Middle and Upper Pleistocene fossils from East and West Asia and Europe. These teeth do not display any typical Neanderthal features and they are generally more derived than other contemporaneous populations from Asia and Africa. However, the derived traits are not diagnostic enough to specifically link the Panxian Dadong teeth to Homo sapiens, a common problem when analyzing the Middle Pleistocene dental record from Africa and Asia. These findings are contextualized in the discussion of the evolutionary course of Asian Middle Pleistocene hominins, and they highlight the necessity of incorporating the Asian fossil record in the still open debate about the origin of H. sapiens.
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Later Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Almonda Karstic system, Torres Novas, Portugal.
Journal of human evolution, 2003Co-Authors: Erik Trinkaus, Anthony E. Marks, Jean-philip Brugal, Shara E. Bailey, W. Jack Rink, Daniel RichterAbstract:Abstract Later Middle Pleistocene archeological deposits of the Galeria Pesada (Gruta da Aroeira), Almonda Karstic System, Torres Novas, Portugal, yielded two archaic human teeth, a mandibular canine and a maxillary third molar. The C 1 presents moderate and asymmetrical shoveling with a stout root. The slightly worn M 3 exhibits at least four cusps with a large hypocone, three roots with large radicular plates, and an absence of taurodontism. They are moderately large for later Middle Pleistocene humans in their buccolingual crown diameters, although the M 3 mesiodistal diameter is modest. The C 1 exhibits labial calculus and multiple linear hypoplastic defects, but the M 3 is lesion free. Both teeth are morphologically similar to those of other Middle Pleistocene European humans and reinforce a pattern of dental hypertrophy among these archaic Homo .
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Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l'Aubesier
Journal of human evolution, 2002Co-Authors: Serge Lebel, Erik TrinkausAbstract:Excavations in later Middle Pleistocene levels at the Bau de l'Aubesier, Vaucluse, France yielded a maxillary molar (M(1) or M(2); Aubesier 10) and a partial mandible from the left C(1) alveolus to the right condylar base lacking the coronoid process (Aubesier 11). Dentally they are similar to other later Middle Pleistocene Europeans in dental dimensions and variable taurodontism (Aubesier 10 but not Aubesier 11). The small Aubesier 11 mandible exhibits a retreating symphyseal profile with a minimal tuber symphyseos, an anterior marginal tubercle at P(4)/M(1), the mental foramen at P(4)/M(1)-M(1), a modest retromolar space, no lingular bridging of the mandibular foramen, an enlarged superior medial pterygoid tubercle, a modest lateral condylar tubercle, and a mandibular notch crest that intersects the Middle third of the condylar margin. All of these features fall within the ranges of variation of later Middle Pleistocene Neandertal lineage humans, and some are characteristic of Middle Pleistocene human mandibles in general. In addition, Aubesier 11 exhibits pervasive ante mortem alveolar resorption with apical abscesses, alveolar bone destruction, universal labial/buccal bone loss, ante mortem tooth loss (for > or =81.8% of preserved alveoli), a lingual alveolar fenestration, and two broken root apices with masticatory attrition. These lesions indicate significantly impaired masticatory function, the oldest specimen currently known with such a reduced degree of dental function but one of several Middle Pleistocene human remains with indications of serious abnormalities.
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comparative morphology and paleobiology of Middle Pleistocene human remains from the bau de l aubesier vaucluse france
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001Co-Authors: Serge Lebel, Martine Faure, Norbert Mercier, Helene Valladas, Erik Trinkaus, Philippe Fernandez, Daniel Richter, Claude Guerin, Gunther A WagnerAbstract:The discovery of later Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l'Aubesier, France reinforces an evolutionary model of the gradual accumulation of Neandertal-derived facial and dental features during the Middle Pleistocene of the northwestern Old World. The pronounced maxillary incisor beveling of Aubesier 4 helps to extend the antiquity of nondietary use of the anterior dentition. The interproximal “toothpick” groove on the Aubesier 10 molar increases the sample for these lesions. The pathological loss of the mandibular dentition of Aubesier 11 indicates advanced antemortem masticatory impairment, at a level previously undocumented before the Late Pleistocene. These remains support a view of later Middle Pleistocene humans able to support debilitated individuals despite the considerable use of their bodies to accomplish routine activities.
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Comparative morphology and paleobiology of Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l’Aubesier, Vaucluse, France
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001Co-Authors: Serge Lebel, Martine Faure, Norbert Mercier, Helene Valladas, Erik Trinkaus, Philippe Fernandez, Daniel Richter, Claude Guerin, Gunther A WagnerAbstract:The discovery of later Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l’Aubesier, France reinforces an evolutionary model of the gradual accumulation of Neandertal-derived facial and dental features during the Middle Pleistocene of the northwestern Old World. The pronounced maxillary incisor beveling of Aubesier 4 helps to extend the antiquity of nondietary use of the anterior dentition. The interproximal ‘‘toothpick’’ groove on the Aubesier 10 molar increases the sample for these lesions. The pathological loss of the mandibular dentition of Aubesier 11 indicates advanced antemortem masticatory impairment, at a level previously undoc- umented before the Late Pleistocene. These remains support a view of later Middle Pleistocene humans able to support debili- tated individuals despite the considerable use of their bodies to accomplish routine activities.
Philip G Rightmire - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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homo erectus and Middle Pleistocene hominins brain size skull form and species recognition
Journal of Human Evolution, 2013Co-Authors: Philip G RightmireAbstract:Abstract Hominins that differ from Homo erectus, the Neanderthals, and recent humans are known from Middle Pleistocene localities across the Old World. The taxonomic status of these populations has been clouded by controversy. Perhaps the most critical problem has been an incomplete understanding of variation in skull form. Here, both H. erectus and later mid-Pleistocene hominins are the focus of an investigation aimed at clarifying the relationships among brain volume, basicranial dimensions, neurocranial shape, and certain facial characters. Brain size in H. erectus averages about 950 cm3, while in a series of Middle Pleistocene crania from Africa and Europe, volume is about 1230 cm3. If encephalization is the primary mechanism operating in the mid-Pleistocene, then diverse aspects of cranial form cannot all be treated as independent variables. Correlation is utilized to examine the associations among measurements for more than 30 H. erectus crania that are reasonably well preserved. A similar approach is used with the Middle Pleistocene sample. Patterns of covariation are compared in order to assess integration. Next, factor analysis is applied to the H. erectus specimens in an attempt to identify modules, tightly integrated traits that can evolve independently. Studies of the variation within H. erectus are followed by direct comparisons with the Middle Pleistocene population. Discriminant functions facilitate the description of intergroup differences. Traits that vary independently from brain volume include anterior frontal broadening, lateral expansion of the parietal vault, elevation of the lambda–inion chord, and rounding of the sagittal contour of the occipital. This finding helps to resolve the problem of species recognition. Neurocranial proportions as well as characters from the cranial base and face can be incorporated into a differential diagnosis for the mid-Pleistocene sample. Evidence presented here supports arguments for speciation in the Middle Pleistocene.
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homo in the Middle Pleistocene hypodigms variation and species recognition
Evolutionary Anthropology, 2008Co-Authors: Philip G RightmireAbstract:It is generally accepted that modern humans evolved in Africa. This consensus has emerged in the last two decades, as molecular evidence has been coupled with findings from paleontology and prehistory. Patterns of DNA variation in living populations, morphology of fossils, and archeological traces can all be read to show that our species has deep roots in Africa and began to disperse into other regions only late in the Pleistocene. There are still questions about the timing of these dispersals and the extent to which modern people replaced or exchanged genes with other, more archaic groups, but new problems are now coming more clearly into focus. These relate to the ancestry of Homo sapiens in the Middle Pleistocene. In this essay, I emphasize the evidence available from Middle Pleistocene localities in Africa and Europe, exploring variation among individuals, composition of hypodigms, species-level taxonomy, and evolutionary relationships of the hominin populations. One obvious difficulty is that the fossils are scarce. For the most part, only incomplete crania are available from African localities. The record is more comprehensive for the Sima de los Huesos in Spain, but principally crania and jaws are known from other European sites. This means that skull traits and measurements must provide the basis for sorting individuals to groups and building differential diagnoses. For much of the material, dating is still poorly controlled, although a few of the most important assemblages can now be placed more securely within a Middle Pleistocene chronological framework. Despite these constraints, it is possible to point toward tentative solutions.
Serge Lebel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l'Aubesier
Journal of human evolution, 2002Co-Authors: Serge Lebel, Erik TrinkausAbstract:Excavations in later Middle Pleistocene levels at the Bau de l'Aubesier, Vaucluse, France yielded a maxillary molar (M(1) or M(2); Aubesier 10) and a partial mandible from the left C(1) alveolus to the right condylar base lacking the coronoid process (Aubesier 11). Dentally they are similar to other later Middle Pleistocene Europeans in dental dimensions and variable taurodontism (Aubesier 10 but not Aubesier 11). The small Aubesier 11 mandible exhibits a retreating symphyseal profile with a minimal tuber symphyseos, an anterior marginal tubercle at P(4)/M(1), the mental foramen at P(4)/M(1)-M(1), a modest retromolar space, no lingular bridging of the mandibular foramen, an enlarged superior medial pterygoid tubercle, a modest lateral condylar tubercle, and a mandibular notch crest that intersects the Middle third of the condylar margin. All of these features fall within the ranges of variation of later Middle Pleistocene Neandertal lineage humans, and some are characteristic of Middle Pleistocene human mandibles in general. In addition, Aubesier 11 exhibits pervasive ante mortem alveolar resorption with apical abscesses, alveolar bone destruction, universal labial/buccal bone loss, ante mortem tooth loss (for > or =81.8% of preserved alveoli), a lingual alveolar fenestration, and two broken root apices with masticatory attrition. These lesions indicate significantly impaired masticatory function, the oldest specimen currently known with such a reduced degree of dental function but one of several Middle Pleistocene human remains with indications of serious abnormalities.
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comparative morphology and paleobiology of Middle Pleistocene human remains from the bau de l aubesier vaucluse france
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001Co-Authors: Serge Lebel, Martine Faure, Norbert Mercier, Helene Valladas, Erik Trinkaus, Philippe Fernandez, Daniel Richter, Claude Guerin, Gunther A WagnerAbstract:The discovery of later Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l'Aubesier, France reinforces an evolutionary model of the gradual accumulation of Neandertal-derived facial and dental features during the Middle Pleistocene of the northwestern Old World. The pronounced maxillary incisor beveling of Aubesier 4 helps to extend the antiquity of nondietary use of the anterior dentition. The interproximal “toothpick” groove on the Aubesier 10 molar increases the sample for these lesions. The pathological loss of the mandibular dentition of Aubesier 11 indicates advanced antemortem masticatory impairment, at a level previously undocumented before the Late Pleistocene. These remains support a view of later Middle Pleistocene humans able to support debilitated individuals despite the considerable use of their bodies to accomplish routine activities.
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Comparative morphology and paleobiology of Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l’Aubesier, Vaucluse, France
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001Co-Authors: Serge Lebel, Martine Faure, Norbert Mercier, Helene Valladas, Erik Trinkaus, Philippe Fernandez, Daniel Richter, Claude Guerin, Gunther A WagnerAbstract:The discovery of later Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l’Aubesier, France reinforces an evolutionary model of the gradual accumulation of Neandertal-derived facial and dental features during the Middle Pleistocene of the northwestern Old World. The pronounced maxillary incisor beveling of Aubesier 4 helps to extend the antiquity of nondietary use of the anterior dentition. The interproximal ‘‘toothpick’’ groove on the Aubesier 10 molar increases the sample for these lesions. The pathological loss of the mandibular dentition of Aubesier 11 indicates advanced antemortem masticatory impairment, at a level previously undoc- umented before the Late Pleistocene. These remains support a view of later Middle Pleistocene humans able to support debili- tated individuals despite the considerable use of their bodies to accomplish routine activities.