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M.l. Eastridge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interactions of monensin with dietary Fat and carbohydrate components on ruminal fermentation and production responses by dairy cows1
Journal of dairy science, 2011Co-Authors: B. Mathew, M.l. Eastridge, E.r. Oelker, Jeffrey L. Firkins, S.k.r. KarnatiAbstract:Variation in Milk Fat Percentage resulting from monensin supplementation to lactating dairy cows could be due to altered ruminal fermentation with interactions of monensin with ruminal biohydrogenation of Fat and ruminal carbohydrate availability. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of feeding monensin as Rumensin (R) in diets differing in starch availability (ground or steam-flaked corn), effective fiber (long or short alfalfa hay, LAH or SAH), and 4% Fat (F) from distillers grains, roasted soybeans, and an animal-vegetable blend on ruminal fermentation characteristics and Milk production in lactating dairy cows. Six ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows were used in a balanced 6×6 Latin square design with 21-d periods. The cows were fed 6 diets: (1) C=control diet with ground corn and LAH, (2) CR=C plus R, (3) CRFL=CR plus F, (4) CRFS=ground corn, R, F, and SAH, (5) SRFL=steam-flaked corn, R, F, and LAH, and (6) SRFS=steam-flaked corn, R, F, and SAH. Mean particle size of LAH was 5.00 mm and 1.36 mm for SAH. All diets were formulated to have 21% forage NDF and 40% NFC. The R tended to decrease DMI, decreased Milk Fat yield, and numerically lowered Milk Fat Percentage (3.41 vs. 2.98%). Addition of F to R diets did not affect Milk Fat Percentage. By feeding diets containing R and F, SAH tended to increase Milk Fat Percentage for the ground-corn diet, but SAH tended to decrease Milk Fat Percentage with steam-flaked corn (CRFL+SRFS vs. CRFS+SRFL). The steam-flaked corn increased total-tract NDF digestibility (CRFL + CRFS vs. SRFL+SRFS; 51.1 vs. 56%). Addition of F with R decreased total VFA concentration and increased rumen pH. Fat addition with R decreased rumen NH3N and MUN (12.8 vs. 13.9 mg/dL), and SFC decreased NH3N concentration compared with ground corn. Although R caused Milk Fat depression, addition of F did not further exacerbate Milk Fat depression. Fatty acid analysis did not implicate any particular biohydrogenation intermediate as the causative factor for the Milk Fat depression.
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Whole linted cottonseed as a forage substitute fed with ground or steam-flaked corn: digestibility and performance.
Journal of dairy science, 2002Co-Authors: D.i. Harvatine, Jeffrey L. Firkins, M.l. EastridgeAbstract:Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. The objective was to evaluate any potential interactions in site of nutrient digestion when neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from cottonseed was incrementally substituted for forage NDF (FNDF) from alfalfa silage and when starch availability was varied by feeding ground (G) or steam-flaked (SF) corn. Iso-NDF diets were forage control with G corn (21% FNDF), 5% whole cottonseed (WCS) with G or SF corn (18% FNDF), 10% WCS with G or SF corn (15% FNDF), and 15% WCS with G corn (12% FNDF). Ruminal or total tract digestibilities of organic matter (OM) or nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) were unaffected, but efficiency of microbial protein synthesis decreased as WCS increased. Ruminal NDF digestibility was not affected despite a linear decrease in pH, but postruminal NDF digestibility decreased with increasing WCS. Ruminal digestibilities of OM and NSC were higher for SF than G corn but did not affect efficiency of microbial N synthesis. Dry matter intake increased quadratically with increasing level of WCS but decreased when SF replaced G corn. Milk yield did not differ across treatments. Milk Fat Percentage was affected quadratically and Milk protein increased linearly with increasing WCS. Milk Fat Percentage decreased but Milk protein was not affected when SF replaced G corn. Lack of an interaction between corn source and level of WCS substitution suggests that WCS was equally effective in maintaining ruminal fermentation and digestibility in diets varying in ruminal starch availability.
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Feeding hydrogenated Fatty acids and triglycerides to lactating dairy cows.
Journal of dairy science, 1991Co-Authors: M.l. Eastridge, Jeffrey L. FirkinsAbstract:Effects of feeding hydrogenated tallow Fatty acids and triglycerides to lactating dairy cows were studied using five primiparous Holstein cows in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. A control diet with no supplemental Fat and diets containing either hydrogenated tallow Fatty acids or triglycerides at 2 and 5% levels were fed for ad libitum intake. Diets were isonitrogenous but not isocaloric. Each treatment period consisted of 28 d; the last 14 d were used for data collection. Fat-supplemented diets had no effects on DM intake, Milk Fat Percentage, Milk protein Percentage, and BW compared with the control diet. Energy intake and Milk yields were higher for cows fed Fat-supplemented diets. Adding Fatty acids to diets increased Milk Fat Percentage above that in Milk from cows fed triglyceride diets. Apparent digestibilities of DM and OM were lowered by the addition of Fat, mainly in response to Fatty acid additions. Feeding Fatty acids reduced ash digestibility compared with feeding triglycerides, and NDF digestibility also tended to be lower for cows fed Fatty acid diets. Fat addition to diets reduced Fatty acid digestibility; digestibility of added Fat averaged 37.7%. Although of similar saturation, the triglyceride supplement was more ruminally inert than the Fatty acid supplement. Esterification and degree of saturation are features of importance when processing tallow for use in ruminant diets.
Jonathon L. Maguire - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a positive association between dietary intake of higher cow s Milk Fat Percentage and non high density lipoprotein cholesterol in young children
The Journal of Pediatrics, 2019Co-Authors: Vincent C.h. Wong, Patricia C. Parkin, Gerald Lebovic, Jonathon L. Maguire, Deborah L Oconnor, Jessica A. Omand, David W.h. Dai, Catherine S. BirkenAbstract:Objectives To determine the association between cow's Milk-Fat and non−high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol, a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in young children, and whether this association is mediated by the typical volume of cow's Milk consumed. Study design A longitudinal study in 2- to 8-year-old children (n = 2890) was conducted through The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!), a practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between parent-reported cow's Milk-Fat Percentage intake and serum non-HDL cholesterol concentrations as well as having high non-HDL cholesterol (≥3.75 mmol/L [145 mg/dL]), adjusting for covariates including age, sex, body mass index z score, breastfeeding duration, mother's ethnicity, and parental history of CVD. Bootstrap resampling (10 000 repetitions) was used to assess whether typical volume consumed mediated the association between cow's Milk-Fat Percentage and non-HDL cholesterol. Results In total, 156 (5.4%) had high non-HDL cholesterol. Each percent increase in cow's Milk-Fat was associated with a 0.035 mmol/L (1.35 mg/dL) (P Conclusions Consumption of higher-Fat cow's Milk was associated with a small increase in non-HDL cholesterol but not greater odds of having high non-HDL cholesterol. Further research is needed to assess this relationship with other CVD risk factors in young children. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT01869530 .
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A Positive Association Between Dietary Intake of Higher Cow's Milk-Fat Percentage and Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Young Children.
The Journal of pediatrics, 2019Co-Authors: Vincent C.h. Wong, Catherine S. Birken, Patricia C. Parkin, Gerald Lebovic, Jonathon L. Maguire, Jessica A. Omand, David W.h. Dai, Deborah L O'connor, Ronald D. Cohn, Eddy LauAbstract:To determine the association between cow's Milk-Fat and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol, a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in young children, and whether this association is mediated by the typical volume of cow's Milk consumed. A longitudinal study in 2- to 8-year-old children (n = 2890) was conducted through The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!), a practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between parent-reported cow's Milk-Fat Percentage intake and serum non-HDL cholesterol concentrations as well as having high non-HDL cholesterol (≥3.75 mmol/L [145 mg/dL]), adjusting for covariates including age, sex, body mass index z score, breastfeeding duration, mother's ethnicity, and parental history of CVD. Bootstrap resampling (10 000 repetitions) was used to assess whether typical volume consumed mediated the association between cow's Milk-Fat Percentage and non-HDL cholesterol. In total, 156 (5.4%) had high non-HDL cholesterol. Each percent increase in cow's Milk-Fat was associated with a 0.035 mmol/L (1.35 mg/dL) (P < .001) and 0.024 mmol/L (0.92 mg/dL) (P = .01) increase in non-HDL cholesterol, unadjusted and adjusted for covariates respectively. Cow's Milk-Fat Percentage was not associated with greater odds of having high non-HDL cholesterol. Volume of cow's Milk partially mediated the association between cow's Milk-Fat Percentage and non-HDL cholesterol, accounting for 28% of the relationship (P < .001). Consumption of higher-Fat cow's Milk was associated with a small increase in non-HDL cholesterol but not greater odds of having high non-HDL cholesterol. Further research is needed to assess this relationship with other CVD risk factors in young children. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01869530. Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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relation between Milk Fat Percentage vitamin d and bmi z score in early childhood
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Shelley M Vanderhout, Catherine S. Birken, Patricia C. Parkin, Gerald Lebovic, Yang Chen, Deborah L Oconnor, Jonathon L. MaguireAbstract:BACKGROUND Fortified cow Milk is a material contributor of vitamin D and dietary Fat in children. Recommendations for children >2 y of age advise reduced Milk-Fat consumption to reduce childhood obesity, yet the relation between lower Milk Fat, vitamin D stores, and body mass index (BMI) is unclear. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to explore the association between Milk-Fat Percentage and both BMI z score (zBMI) and venous 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]; the secondary objective was to assess whether Milk volume consumed modified this relation. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional analysis. Healthy urban children aged 12-72 mo were recruited from 9 primary health care practices within The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!) research group in Toronto, Canada. We used adjusted bivariate linear regression to examine the relation between Milk-Fat Percentage and child 25(OH)D and zBMI concurrently. Effect modification by Milk volume consumed on the evaluated relations was explored with the use of an interaction term in the statistical model. RESULTS Among the 2745 included children there was a positive association between Milk-Fat Percentage and 25(OH)D (P = 0.006) and a negative association between Milk-Fat Percentage and zBMI (P < 0.0001). Participants who drank whole Milk had a 5.4-nmol/L (95% CI: 4.32, 6.54) higher median 25(OH)D concentration and a 0.72 lower (95% CI: 0.68, 0.76) zBMI score than children who drank 1% Milk. Milk volume consumed modified the effect of Milk-Fat Percentage on 25(OH)D (P = 0.003) but not on zBMI (P = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS Whole Milk consumption among healthy young children was associated with higher vitamin D stores and lower BMI. Longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to confirm these findings. TARGet Kids! was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01869530.
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Relation between Milk-Fat Percentage, vitamin D, and BMI z score in early childhood.
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Shelley M Vanderhout, Catherine S. Birken, Patricia C. Parkin, Gerald Lebovic, Yang Chen, Deborah L O’connor, Jonathon L. MaguireAbstract:Fortified cow Milk is a material contributor of vitamin D and dietary Fat in children. Recommendations for children >2 y of age advise reduced Milk-Fat consumption to reduce childhood obesity, yet the relation between lower Milk Fat, vitamin D stores, and body mass index (BMI) is unclear. The primary objective was to explore the association between Milk-Fat Percentage and both BMI z score (zBMI) and venous 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]; the secondary objective was to assess whether Milk volume consumed modified this relation. This was a cross-sectional analysis. Healthy urban children aged 12-72 mo were recruited from 9 primary health care practices within The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!) research group in Toronto, Canada. We used adjusted bivariate linear regression to examine the relation between Milk-Fat Percentage and child 25(OH)D and zBMI concurrently. Effect modification by Milk volume consumed on the evaluated relations was explored with the use of an interaction term in the statistical model. Among the 2745 included children there was a positive association between Milk-Fat Percentage and 25(OH)D (P = 0.006) and a negative association between Milk-Fat Percentage and zBMI (P < 0.0001). Participants who drank whole Milk had a 5.4-nmol/L (95% CI: 4.32, 6.54) higher median 25(OH)D concentration and a 0.72 lower (95% CI: 0.68, 0.76) zBMI score than children who drank 1% Milk. Milk volume consumed modified the effect of Milk-Fat Percentage on 25(OH)D (P = 0.003) but not on zBMI (P = 0.77). Whole Milk consumption among healthy young children was associated with higher vitamin D stores and lower BMI. Longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to confirm these findings. TARGet Kids! was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01869530. © 2016 American Society for Nutrition.
Dale E. Bauman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Short communication: Field study to investigate the associations between herd-level risk factors for Milk Fat depression and bulk tank Milk Fat percent in dairy herds feeding monensin.
Journal of dairy science, 2018Co-Authors: M.m. Mccarthy, Dale E. Bauman, Thomas R. Overton, G.d. Mechor, T.c. Jenkins, D.v. NydamAbstract:Fat is the most variable Milk component, and maintaining Milk Fat continues to be a challenge on commercial dairy farms. Our objectives were to establish associations between herd-level risk factors for Milk Fat depression and bulk tank Milk Fat content in commercial dairy herds feeding monensin. Seventy-nine Holstein commercial dairy herds in the northeast and Upper Midwest United States were enrolled in an observational study. Data were collected on herd characteristics, total mixed ration (TMR) samples, all component silage samples, and bulk tank Milk samples. The unconditional univariable association of each explanatory variable and bulk tank Milk Fat Percentage was evaluated using simple linear regression and multivariable regression models. Milk Fat content of trans-10 C18:1 had an exponentially negative relationship to herd Milk Fat Percentage. In general, Milk Fat content of Fatty acids synthesized de novo in the mammary gland were positively related to herd Milk Fat, and the content of several trans-C18:1 Fatty acids, which would be products of alternate pathways of ruminal biohydrogenation, were negatively related to herd Milk Fat. Variables related to TMR composition did not have univariable relationships with herd Milk Fat Percentage. Herds that had >49.8% of the TMR particles on the middle screen of the Penn State particle separator had higher Milk Fat Percentage than those with ≤49.8%, and herds with >54.0% of TMR particles in the bottom pan had lower Milk Fat Percentage than herds with ≤54.0%. Dietary content of monounsaturated Fatty acids (C16:1 and C18:1) had negative relationships with herd Milk Fat Percentage; however, no single diet component accounted for more than 11% of the variation in herd-level Milk Fat Percentage. Univariable monensin dose was not associated with herd Milk Fat Percentage. The relative lack of significant univariate relationships with herd-level Milk Fat suggests many factors contribute to Milk Fat content, and herds experiencing low Milk Fat will need to examine many potential risk factors when working to troubleshoot this challenge.
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Effect of linoleic acid and dietary vitamin E supplementation on sustained conjugated linoleic acid production in Milk Fat from dairy cows.
Journal of dairy science, 2012Co-Authors: A.m. O’donnell-megaro, Judith L. Capper, William P. Weiss, Dale E. BaumanAbstract:Abstract Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; cis -9, trans -11 18:2), a bioactive Fatty acid (FA) found in Milk and dairy products, has potential human health benefits due to its anticarcinogenic and antiatherogenic properties. Conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in Milk Fat can be markedly increased by dietary manipulation; however, high levels of CLA are difficult to sustain as rumen biohydrogenation shifts and Milk Fat depression (MFD) is often induced. Our objective was to feed a typical Northeastern corn-based diet and investigate whether vitamin E and soybean oil supplementation would sustain an enhanced Milk Fat CLA content while avoiding MFD. Holstein cows (n=48) were assigned to a completely randomized block design with repeated measures for 28 d and received 1 of 4 dietary treatments: (1) control (CON), (2) 10,000IU of vitamin E/d (VE), (3) 2.5% soybean oil (SO), and (4) 2.5% soybean oil plus 10,000IU of vitamin E/d (SO-VE). A 2-wk pretreatment control diet served as the covariate. Milk Fat Percentage was reduced by both high-oil diets (3.53, 3.56, 2.94, and 2.92% for CON, VE, SO, and SO-VE), whereas Milk yield increased significantly for the SO-VE diet only, thus partially mitigating MFD by oil feeding. Milk protein Percentage was higher for cows fed the SO diet (3.04, 3.05, 3.28, and 3.03% for CON, VE, SO, and SO-VE), implying that nutrient partitioning or ruminal supply of microbial protein was altered in response to the reduction in Milk Fat. Milk Fat concentration of CLA more than doubled in cows fed the diets supplemented with soybean oil, with concurrent increases in trans -10 18:1 and trans -11 18:1 FA. Moreover, Milk Fat from cows fed the 2 soybean oil diets had 39.1% less de novo synthesized FA and 33.8% more long-chain preformed FA, and vitamin E had no effect on Milk Fat composition. Overall, dietary supplements of soybean oil caused a reduction in Milk Fat Percentage and a shift in FA composition characteristic of MFD. Supplementing diets with vitamin E did not overcome the oil-induced reduction in Milk Fat Percentage or changes in FA profile, but partially mitigated the reduction in Fat yield by increasing Milk yield.
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Trans-Octadecenoic Acids and Milk Fat Depression in Lactating Dairy Cows
Journal of dairy science, 1998Co-Authors: J. M. Griinari, D.a. Dwyer, Mark A. Mcguire, Dale E. Bauman, Donald L. Palmquist, K. V. V. NurmelaAbstract:We examined the role of trans-octadecenoic acids in Milk Fat depression when low fiber diets were fed. The study consisted of four experimental periods with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to test the effects of dietary Fat (saturated vs. unsaturated) and rumen fermentation (high fiber diets vs. low fiber diets) on Milk Fat depression. Dietary fiber concentration and type of Fat had significant effects on Milk Fat. Effects were most pronounced when unsaturated Fat was added to the low fiber diet. When the low fiber diet plus unsaturated Fat was fed, Milk Fat Percentage and yield were decreased by 30 and 35%, respectively, compared with the Percentage and yield when the high fiber diet plus saturated Fat was fed. Alterations in rumen fermentation caused by differences in dietary fiber concentrations had little effect on the amount of trans-octadecenoic acids in Milk Fat, and the total amount did not correlate with changes in Milk Fat Percentage. Further examination of the isomeric profile of trans-octadecenoic acid revealed substantial differences among the dietary treatments. Although the addition of unsaturated Fat resulted in marked increases in the Milk Fat content of trans11-octadecenoic acid, regardless of dietary fiber concentration, the low fiber diet plus unsaturated Fat increased the content of trans-10-octadecenoic acid. This combination was also associated with a significant decrease in Milk Fat content and yield. When the low fiber diets were fed, circulating insulin concentrations were elevated, regardless of the type of Fat supplement. However, marked Milk Fat depression occurred only when the low fiber diet was supplemented with unsaturated Fat.
J.w. West - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Performance of lactating dairy cows fed ryegrass silage and corn silage with ground corn, steam-flaked corn, or hominy feed
Journal of dairy science, 2009Co-Authors: K.m. Cooke, John K. Bernard, J.w. WestAbstract:Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows were used in a 6-wk completely randomized block design trial with a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effects of feeding different proportions of corn silage and ryegrass silage with supplemental ground corn (GC), steam-flaked corn (SFC), and hominy feed (HF) on the performance of lactating dairy cows. Forage provided 49% of the dietary dry matter in the experimental diets, which were formulated to meet National Research Council requirements. Ryegrass silage provided 100, 75, 50, or 25% of the total forage dry matter, with corn silage supplying the remainder. There were no interactions between the proportion of forage provided by ryegrass silage and energy supplement. Dry matter intake and Milk protein Percentage decreased linearly with increasing proportions of ryegrass silage, but Milk protein yield was similar among forage treatments. There were no differences among forage treatments in Milk yield, Milk Fat Percentage and yield, and energy-corrected Milk yield. Dry matter intake was higher and there was a tendency for increased Milk Fat Percentage for GC compared with SFC or HF. No other differences were observed in Milk yield or composition among energy supplements. Plasma urea nitrogen and glucose concentrations were similar among treatments. Under the conditions of this trial, our results indicate that feeding a combination of corn silage and ryegrass silage is more desirable than feeding ryegrass silage alone, whereas supplementation with GC, SFC, or HF supports similar levels of Milk production.
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Performance and Ruminal Fermentation of Dairy Cows Fed Whole Cottonseed with Elevated Concentrations of Free Fatty Acids in the Oil
Journal of dairy science, 2007Co-Authors: K.m. Cooke, John K. Bernard, C.d. Wildman, J.w. West, A.h. ParksAbstract:Abstract Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows were used in an 8-wk completely randomized design trial to examine the effects of feeding whole cottonseed (WCS) with elevated concentrations of free Fatty acids (FFA) in the oil on intake and performance. Treatments included WCS with normal concentrations of FFA (6.8%, control) and 2 sources of WCS with elevated FFA [HFFA1 (24.1%) or HFFA2 (22.3%)]. The 2 sources of WCS with elevated FFA differed in that HFFA2 were discolored from being initially stored with excess moisture, which led to heating and deterioration during storage, whereas HFFA1 were normal in appearance and the increase in FFA occurred without heating and visible damage to the WCS. Nutrient concentrations were similar among WCS treatments, which provided 14% of the total dietary dry matter. Dry matter intake tended to be higher for cows fed HFFA2 compared with control and HFFA1. Yield of Milk and components was similar among treatments, but Milk Fat Percentage was lower for HFFA1 and HFFA2 compared with control. In a concurrent 3×3 Latin square trial with 6 ruminally canulated Holstein cows, molar proportions of isobutyrate were higher for HFFA2 than control and HFFA1, but no differences were observed in acetate or propionate. Results of these trials indicate that feeding WCS with high concentrations of FFA decreases Milk Fat Percentage but does not alter dry matter intake, Milk yield, or concentrations of other components. The minor changes in ruminal fermentation that were observed do not account for the decrease in Milk Fat Percentage.
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Effect of dietary cation-anion difference and dietary crude protein on performance of lactating dairy cows during hot weather.
Journal of dairy science, 2007Co-Authors: C.d. Wildman, J.w. West, John K. BernardAbstract:Thirty-two lactating Holstein cows (225 +/- 63 d in Milk) were used in a 6-wk trial to determine the effect of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) and dietary crude protein (CP) concentration on Milk and component yield, acid-base status, and serum AA concentrations during hot weather. Treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial within a randomized complete block design to provide 15 or 17% CP and a DCAD of 25 or 50 mEq (Na + K - Cl)/100 g of dry matter (DM). A DCAD x CP interaction was detected for Milk yield; Milk yield was less for high DCAD than for low DCAD for the high-CP diets. No differences were noted at low dietary CP. Milk Fat Percentage was greater for high DCAD than for low DCAD, and high-CP diets supported greater Milk Fat Percentage than low-CP diets. No differences were observed among treatments for dry matter intake or Milk protein Percentage. Serum total AA and essential AA concentrations and ratio of essential AA:total AA were greater for high DCAD. These results suggest that increasing DCAD improves AA availability for protein synthesis by taking the place of AA that would otherwise be used for maintenance of acid-base balance. A better understanding of the mechanisms behind this AA-sparing effect will improve management of protein nutrition in the lactating dairy cow.
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Production Response of Lactating Dairy Cows to Whole Cottonseed with Elevated Concentrations of Free Fatty Acids in the Oil
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2007Co-Authors: John K. Bernard, J.w. West, J. Siciliano-jones, T.c. WedegaertnerAbstract:ABSTRACT Three hundred lactating Holstein cows were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square trial to determine the impact of feeding whole cottonseed with different concentrations of free Fatty acids (FFA) in the oil. Treatments included whole cottonseed with low (10.7% FFA, LO), high (35.5% FFA, HI) or a 50:50 blend of LO and HI (23.1% FFA, MED). Whole cottonseed provided 8.5% of the total dietary DM in the experimental diets, which were fed to each pen of 100 cows. Cows were assigned to each pen by parity, days in Milk, and Milk yield. The DMI and Milk yield were similar for all treatments and averaged 27.5 and 39.9 kg/d, respectively. Milk Fat Percentage and yield were lower for cows fed diets containing HI (2.87% and 1.14 kg/d) compared with LO (3.02% and 1.21 kg/d) and MED (3.13% and 1.26 kg/d). No differences were observed in Percentage or yield of Milk protein among treatments, which averaged 2.97% and 1.18 kg/d, respectively. Yield of energy corrected Milk was lowest for HI, reflecting the reduced yield of Milk Fat. Concentrations of Milk urea N were lower for LO compared with HI. Results of this trial indicated that feeding whole cottonseed with elevated FFA does not negatively impact DMI or Milk yield of lactating dairy cows although reduced Milk Fat Percentage and increased Milk urea N concentrations are possible.
Ric R. Grummer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Alfalfa Forage Preservation Method and Particle Length on Performance of Dairy Cows Fed Corn Silage-Based Diets and Tallow
Journal of dairy science, 2004Co-Authors: S.g. Onetti, S.m. Reynal, Ric R. GrummerAbstract:A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of including alfalfa preserved either as silage or long-stem or chopped hay on DMI and Milk Fat production of dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets with supplemental tallow (T). Fifteen Holstein cows that averaged 117 DIM were used in a replicated 5 x 5 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Treatments (DM basis) were: 1) 50% corn silage:50% concentrate without T (CS); 2) 50% corn silage:50% concentrate with 2% T (CST); 3) 25% corn silage:25% short-cut alfalfa hay:50% concentrate with 2% T (SAHT); 4) 25% corn silage:25% long-cut alfalfa hay:50% concentrate with 2% T (LAHT); and 5) 25% corn silage:25% alfalfa silage:50% concentrate with 2% T (AST). Cows were allowed ad libitum consumption of a TMR fed 4 times daily. Diets averaged 16.4% CP and 30.3% NDF. Including 2% T in diets with corn silage as the sole forage source decreased DMI and Milk Fat Percentage and yield. Replacing part of corn silage with alfalfa in diets with 2% T increased Milk Fat Percentage and yield. The Milk Fat of cows fed CST was higher in trans-10 C18:1 than that of cows fed diets with alfalfa. No effect of alfalfa preservation method or hay particle length was observed on DMI and Milk production. The Milk Fat Percentage and yield were lower, and the proportion of trans-10 C18:1 in Milk Fat was higher for cows fed LAHT than for cows fed SAHT. Alfalfa preservation method had no effect on Milk Fat yield. Ruminal pH was higher for cows fed alfalfa in the diets, and it was higher for cows fed LAHT than SAHT. Feeding alfalfa silage or chopped hay appears to be more beneficial than long hay in sustaining Milk Fat production when 2% T is fed with diets high in corn silage. These results support the role of trans Fatty acids in Milk Fat depression.
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Response of Lactating Dairy Cows to Fat Supplementation During Heat Stress
Journal of dairy science, 1991Co-Authors: D.m. Knapp, Ric R. GrummerAbstract:Effects of supplemental prilled long-chain Fatty acids on lactation performance during heat stress were examined using eight multiparous Holstein cows in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with 15-d periods. Cows were ruminally cannulated and were assigned randomly to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were 0 or 5% supplemental Fat and thermoneutral or heat stress conditions. Cows were housed in environmental chambers with thermoneutral conditions of 20.5 degrees C and 38% relative humidity for 24 h/d or heat stress conditions of 31.8 degrees C and 56% relative humidity for 14 h/d and 25.9 degrees C with 56% relative humidity for 10 h/d. Isonitrogenous diets (17% CP) containing 50% alfalfa silage and 50% concentrate were offered for ad libitum intake. Diets contained 1.64 or 1.83 Mcal NEL/kg DM. No diet by environment interactions were significant. Milk Fat Percentage (3.46 vs. 3.15%) and 3.5% FCM (31.5 vs. 29.2 kg/d) were higher for cows fed 5 vs. 0% Fat. Dry matter intake, Milk yield, and Milk protein Percentage did not differ between diets. Heat stress decreased DMI, Milk yield, 3.5% FCM, and Milk protein Percentage but did not affect Milk Fat Percentage. Results suggest that supplemental Fat at 5% of diet DM enhances lactation performance similarly under thermoneutral and heat stress conditions.