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Jose Lopezmiranda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a mufa rich diet improves posprandial glucose lipid and glp 1 responses in insulin resistant subjects
Journal of The American College of Nutrition, 2007Co-Authors: J A Paniagua, Antonio Vidalpuig, Pablo Perezmartinez, Angel Gallego De La Sacristana, Esther Sanchez, Inmaculada Romero, Francisco J Berral, Antonio Escribano, Maria Jose Moyano, Jose LopezmirandaAbstract:Objective: To study the effects of three weight-maintenance diets with different macronutrient composition on carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, insulin and incretin levels in insulin-resistant subjects.Methods: A prospective study was performed in eleven (7 W, 4 M) offspring of obese and type 2 diabetes patients. Subjects had a BMI > 25 Kg/m2, waist circumference (men/women) > 102/88, HBA1c < 6.5% and were regarded as insulin-resistant after an OGTT (Matsuda ISIm <4). They were randomly divided into three groups and underwent three dietary periods each of 28 days in a crossover design: a) diet high in saturated Fat (SAT), b) diet rich in Monounsaturated Fat (MUFA; Mediterranean diet) and c) diet rich in carbohydrate (CHO).Results: Body weight and resting energy expenditure did not changed during the three dietary periods. Fasting serum glucose concentrations fell during MUFA-rich and CHO-rich diets compared with high-SAT diets (5.02 ± 0.1, 5.03 ± 0.1, 5.50 ± 0.2 mmol/L, respectively. Anova < 0.05). The MUFA...
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Monounsaturated Fat rich diet prevents central body Fat distribution and decreases postprandial adiponectin expression induced by a carbohydrate rich diet in insulin resistant subjects
Diabetes Care, 2007Co-Authors: J Paniagua, Jose Lopezmiranda, Gallego A De La Sacristana, I Romero, Antonio Vidalpuig, J M Latre, Elias Sanchez, Pablo Perezmartinez, Francisco PerezjimenezAbstract:OBJECTIVE — Central obesity is associated with insulin resistance through factors that are not fully understood. We studied the effects of three different isocaloric diets on body Fat distribution, insulin sensitivity, and peripheral adiponectin gene expression. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — Eleven volunteers, offspring of obese type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal Fat deposition, were studied. These subjects were considered insulin resistant as indicated by Matsuda index values 1 ) diet enriched in saturated Fat (SAT), 2 ) diet rich in Monounsaturated Fat (MUFA) (Mediterranean diet), and 3 ) diet rich in carbohydrates (CHOs). RESULTS — Weight, body composition, and resting energy expenditure remained unchanged during the three sequential dietary periods. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry we observed that when patients were fed a CHO-enriched diet, their Fat mass was redistributed toward the abdominal depot, whereas periphery Fat accumulation decreased compared with isocaloric MUFA-rich and high-SAT diets (ANOVA P P CONCLUSIONS — An isocaloric MUFA-rich diet prevents central Fat redistribution and the postprandial decrease in peripheral adiponectin gene expression and insulin resistance induced by a CHO-rich diet in insulin-resistant subjects.
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Monounsaturated Fat and cardiovascular risk
Nutrition Reviews, 2006Co-Authors: Jose Lopezmiranda, Pedro Mata, Andrea Bonanome, Penny M Krisetherton, Lina Badimon, Denis Lairon, Francisco PerezjimenezAbstract:On the basis of the information discussed in this review, we can conclude that the effects of a high intake of Monounsaturated Fatty acids (MUFA) from olive oil include a wide range of healthy benefits beyond improvement in cholesterol levels, suggesting that this type of diet has great potential in preventing cardiovascular disease. MUFA-enriched diets reduce insulin requirements and decrease plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin in type 2 diabetic patients, unlike high-saturated Fatty acid and low-Fat, high-carbohydrate diets. Moreover, some data show that this dietary model could have a hypotensive effect. There is also substantial evidence that oleic-enriched low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is more resistant to oxidative modifications and that dietary MUFA may influence various components and functions related to the endothelium. These include endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and a reduced capacity of oleicenriched LDL to promote the adhesion and chemotaxis of monocytes. On the other hand, a MUFA diet decreases the prothrombotic environment, modifying platelet adhesion, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. Its reducing effect on PAI-1 plasma levels is of particular relevance. This wide range of anti-atherogenic effects could explain the low rate of cardiovascular mortality found in Mediterranean countries, where there is a moderate to high supply of dietary MUFA. Future studies need to focus on uncovering the mechanisms by which the Mediterranean diet exerts its beneficial effects
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protective effect of dietary Monounsaturated Fat on arteriosclerosis beyond cholesterol
Atherosclerosis, 2002Co-Authors: Francisco Perezjimenez, Jose Lopezmiranda, Pedro MataAbstract:The consumption of diets enriched in Monounsaturated Fat has been related to a lower rate of coronary heart disease. It is well known that this dietary model decreases LDL-cholesterol plasma levels when replacing a saturated Fat enriched diet. For this reason, a high Monounsaturated Fat diet is now being advocated to prevent cardiovascular disease, especially in Mediterranean countries. However, some expert panels-the Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Coronary Prevention and the International Task Force for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease-recommend replacing dietary saturated Fat by complex carbohydrates, limiting the intake of total Fat to <30% of the energy and Monounsaturated Fat to no more than 10-15% of total calories, reaching a similar effect on LDL-cholesterol plasma levels to a high Monounsaturated Fat diet. The most appropriate nutritional model to prevent arteriosclerosis should be supported by research into other biological effects of both diets. Therefore, it is interesting to review the non-lipid effect of Monounsaturated Fat, starting with its influence on other cardiovascular risk factors, such as carbohydrate metabolism and blood pressure. Moreover, substantial evidence of the effect of dietary Monounsaturated Fat on a wide range of healthy benefits beyond cholesterol, which have been investigated in recent years, such as lipoprotein oxidation, coagulation, fibrinolysis and endothelium, will be discussed. Furthermore, many observational epidemiological studies suggest that a high intake of Monounsaturated Fat is associated with reduced coronary risk and this will be analyzed in accordance with the clinical evidence to discuss the best dietary model to prevent coronary artery disease.
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protective effect of dietary Monounsaturated Fat on arteriosclerosis beyond cholesterol
Atherosclerosis, 2002Co-Authors: Francisco Perezjimenez, Jose Lopezmiranda, Pedro MataAbstract:Abstract The consumption of diets enriched in Monounsaturated Fat has been related to a lower rate of coronary heart disease. It is well known that this dietary model decreases LDL-cholesterol plasma levels when replacing a saturated Fat enriched diet. For this reason, a high Monounsaturated Fat diet is now being advocated to prevent cardiovascular disease, especially in Mediterranean countries. However, some expert panels—the Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Coronary Prevention and the International Task Force for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease—recommend replacing dietary saturated Fat by complex carbohydrates, limiting the intake of total Fat to
Emilio Ros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high Monounsaturated Fat olive oil rich diet has effects similar to a high carbohydrate diet on fasting and postprandial state and metabolic profiles of patients with type 2 diabetes
Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 2000Co-Authors: Camino Rodriguezvillar, Ana Perezheras, Elena Casals, Daniel Zambon, Jose M Manzanares, Ramon Gomis, Emilio RosAbstract:Abstract Whether metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is best achieved with the traditional high-carbohydrate (CHO), low-Fat diet or a low-CHO, high-Fat diet is still controversial. In a randomized crossover study, we compared the effects of a low-Fat (30% of daily energy) diet and a high-Fat (40% of daily energy), high-Monounsaturated-Fat diet for 6 weeks each on fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, and lipoprotein concentrations in 12 patients with well-controlled type 2 DM (fasting blood glucose, 176 ± 54 mg/dL; hemoglobin A1c, 6.4% ± 0.7%) and no overt dyslipidemia (serum total cholesterol, 235 ± 43 mg/dL; triglycerides, 180 ± 63 mg/dL). Home-prepared foods were used and olive oil was the main edible Fat, accounting for 8% and 25% of daily energy requirements in the low-Fat and high-Fat diets, respectively. For postprandial studies, the same mixed meal containing 36% Fat was used in both dietary periods. Body weight and fasting and 6-hour postprandial blood glucose, insulin, and lipoprotein levels were similar after the two diets. The mean incremental area under the curve of serum triglycerides 0 to 6 hours after the challenge meal, adjusted for baseline levels, did not change significantly after the high-Fat diet compared with the low-Fat diet (1,484 ± 546 v 1,714 ± 709 mg · 6 h/dL, respectively, P = .099). Mean postprandial triglyceride levels at 6 hours were increased about 2 times over fasting levels and were still greater than 300 mg/dL after either diet. A diet high in total and Monounsaturated Fat at the expense of olive oil is a good alternative diet to the traditional low-Fat diet for patients with type 2 DM. However, ongoing postprandial hypertriglyceridemia with either diet points to the need for other therapies to decrease triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and the inherent atherogenic risk in type 2 diabetics.
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substituting walnuts for Monounsaturated Fat improves the serum lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic men and women a randomized crossover trial
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Daniel Zambon, Joan Sabate, Elena Casals, Sonia Munoz, Betina Campero, Manuel Merlos, Juan C Laguna, Emilio RosAbstract:Background: It has been reported that walnuts reduce serum cholesterol levels in normal young men. Objective: To assess the acceptability of walnuts and their effects on serum lipid levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidizability in free-living hypercholesterolemic persons. Design: Randomized, crossover feeding trial. Setting: Lipid clinic at a university hospital. Patients: 55 men and women (mean age, 56 years) with polygenic hypercholesterolemia. Intervention: A cholesterol-lowering Mediterranean diet and a diet of similar energy and Fat content in which walnuts replaced approximately 35% of the energy obtained from Monounsaturated Fat. Patients followed each diet for 6 weeks. Measurements: Low-density lipoprotein Fatty acids (to assess compliance), serum lipid levels, lipoprotein(a) levels, and LDL resistance to in vitro oxidative stress. Results: 49 persons completed the trial. The walnut diet was well tolerated. Planned and observed diets were closely matched. Compared with the Mediterranean diet, the walnut diet produced mean changes of -4.1% in total cholesterol level, -5.9% in LDL cholesterol level, and -6.2% in lipoprotein(a) level. The mean differences in the changes in serum lipid levels were -0.28 mmol/L (95% Cl, -0.43 to -0.12 mmol/L) (-10.8 mg/dL [-16.8 to -4.8 mg/dL]) (P < 0.001) for total cholesterol level, -0.29 mmol/L (Cl, -0.41 to -0.15 mmol/L) (-11.2 mg/dL [-16.3 to -6.1 mg/dL]) (P < 0.001) for LDL cholesterol level, and -0.021 g/L (Cl, -0.042 to -0.001 g/L) (P = 0.042) for lipoprotein(a) level. Lipid changes were similar in men and women except for lipoprotein(a) levels, which decreased only in men. Low-density lipoprotein particles were enriched with polyunsaturated Fatty acids from walnuts, but their resistance to oxidation was preserved. Conclusion: Substituting walnuts for part of the Monounsaturated Fat in a cholesterol-lowering Mediterranean diet further reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels in men and women with hypercholesterolemia.
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substituting walnuts for Monounsaturated Fat improves the serum lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic men and women
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Daniel Zambon, Joan Sabate, Elena Casals, Sonia Munoz, Betina Campero, Manuel Merlos, Juan C Laguna, Emilio RosAbstract:Previous studies have reported that walnuts decrease serum cholesterol levels in young men. In this study of men and women with polygenic hypercholesterolemia, substituting walnuts for part of the ...
Kjeld Hermansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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acute effects of Monounsaturated Fat on postprandial lipemia and gene expression in first degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014Co-Authors: Anna Pietraszek, Soren Gregersen, Steen B Pedersen, Jens J Holst, Kjeld HermansenAbstract:Acute effects of Monounsaturated Fat on postprandial lipemia and gene expression in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes
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comparison of the effects on insulin resistance and glucose tolerance of 6 mo high Monounsaturated Fat low Fat and control diets
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Anette Pia Due, Jens J Holst, Kjeld Hermansen, Thomas Meinert Larsen, Steen Stender, Soren Toubro, Torben Martinussen, Arne AstrupAbstract:Background: The effect of dietary Fat and carbohydrate on glucose metabolism has been debated for decades. Objective: The objective was to compare the effect of 3 ad libitum diets,differentintypeandamountofFatandcarbohydrate,oninsulin resistance and glucose tolerance subsequent to weight loss. Design: Forty-six nondiabetic, obese [mean (SEM) body mass index (in kg/m 2 ): 31.2 0.3] men (n 20) and premenopausal women (n 26) aged 28.0 0.7 y were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets after 8% weight loss: 1) MUFA diet (n 16): moderate in Fat (35–45% of energy) and high in Monounsaturated Fatty acids (20% of energy); 2) LF diet (n 18): low-Fat diet (20–30% of energy), and 3) control diet (n 12): 35% of energy as Fat (15% of energy as saturated Fatty acids). Protein accounted for 15% of energy in all 3 diets. A 2-h oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) was performed before and after the 6-mo dietary intervention. All foods were provided by a purpose-built supermarket. Results: After 6 mo, the MUFA diet reduced fasting glucose (3.0%), insulin (9.4%), and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score (12.1%). Compared with the MUFA diet, the control diet increased these variables [1.4% (P 0.014), 21.2%(P0.030),and22.8%(P0.015),respectively],asdidthe LF diet [1.4% (P 0.090), 13.1% (P 0.078), and 15.5% (P 0.095), respectively]. No significant group differences were detected in glucose or insulin concentrations during the OGTT, in the Matsudas index, in body weight, or in body composition. Conclusion: A diet high in Monounsaturated Fat has a more favorableeffectonglucosehomeostasisthandoesthetypicalWesterndiet in the short term and may also be more beneficial than the official recommended low-Fat diet during a period of weight regain subsequent to weight loss. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00274729. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:855–62.
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substituting dietary saturated for Monounsaturated Fat impairs insulin sensitivity in healthy men and women the kanwu study
Diabetologia, 2001Co-Authors: Bengt Vessby, Gabriele Riccardi, Kjeld Hermansen, Lars Berglund, Matti Uusitupa, Angela A Rivellese, Linda C Tapsell, Cecilia Nalsen, Anne Louheranta, Birthe M RasmussenAbstract:Aims/hypothesis. The amount and quality of Fat in the diet could be of importance for development of insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders. Our aim was to determine whether a change in dietary Fat quality alone could alter insulin action in humans. Methods. The KANWU study included 162 healthy subjects chosen at random to receive a controlled, isoenergetic diet for 3 months containing either a high proportion of saturated (SAFA diet) or Monounsaturated (MUFA diet) Fatty acids. Within each group there was a second assignment at random to supplements with fish oil (3.6 g n-3 Fatty acids/d) or placebo. Results. Insulin sensitivity was significantly impaired on the saturated Fatty acid diet (-10 %, p = 0.03) but did not change on the Monounsaturated Fatty acid diet ( + 2 %, NS) (p = 0.05 for difference between diets). Insulin secretion was not affected. The addition of n-3 Fatty acids influenced neither insulin sensitivity nor insulin secretion. The favourable effects of substituting a Monounsaturated Fatty acid diet for a saturated Fatty acid diet on insulin sensitivity were only seen at a total Fat intake below median (37E %). Here, insulin sensitivity was 12.5 % lower and 8.8 % higher on the saturated Fatty acid diet and Monounsaturated Fatty acid diet respectively (p = 0.03). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) increased on the saturated Fatty acid diet ( + 4.1 %, p 37E %). [Diabetologia (2001) 44: 312–319]
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comparison of the effects of a Monounsaturated Fat diet and a high carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors in first degree relatives to type 2 diabetic subjects
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: C Thomsen, O W Rasmussen, C Christiansen, Eva Pedersen, M Vesterlund, H Storm, Jorgen Ingerslev, Kjeld HermansenAbstract:Comparison of the effects of a Monounsaturated Fat diet and a high carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors in first degree relatives to type-2 diabetic subjects
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effects on blood pressure glucose and lipid levels of a high Monounsaturated Fat diet compared with a high carbohydrate diet in niddm subjects
Diabetes Care, 1993Co-Authors: O W Rasmussen, Claus Thomsen, K W Hansen, Margit Vesterlund, Eva Winther, Kjeld HermansenAbstract:OBJECTIVE To compare the influence on blood pressure, glucose, and lipid levels of a diet rich in Monounsaturated Fatty acids with an isocaloric, highcarbohydrate diet in 15 NIDDM subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A crossover design with diet interventions and wash-out periods of 3 wk was applied. The patients were randomly assigned to a 3-wk treatment with a high-carbohydrate diet containing 50% of energy as carbohydrate and 30% of energy as Fat (10% of energy as Monounsaturated Fatty acids) or an isocaloric diet with 30% of energy as carbohydrate and 50% of energy as Fat (30% of energy as Monounsaturated Fatty acids). On the last day of the two diets, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was measured and day profiles of glucose, hormones, and lipids were performed to a test menu rich in carbohydrates. RESULTS The diet rich in Monounsaturated Fat reduced daytime systolic (131 ± 3 vs. 137 ± 3 mmHg, P P P P P P P CONCLUSIONS A diet rich in Monounsaturated Fat has beneficial effects on blood pressure and glucose metabolism, whereas no adverse effects on lipid composition in NIDDM subjects is detected.
Jose M Ordovas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gene diet interactions and cardiovascular diseases saturated and Monounsaturated Fat
2020Co-Authors: Jose M OrdovasAbstract:Abstract Poor nutrition is a prominent cause of poor health worldwide. Therefore, optimizing dietary intake is a crucial strategy for health maintenance and disease prevention. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of death, and dietary recommendations are essential for its prevention and management. However, the current nutritional guidelines have not yielded the expected benefits on CVD prevention and bettering of its related risk factors (i.e., dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity). These observations highlight the need for more precision nutrition. Therefore, nutrition research has shifted to the identification of the factors underlying the interindividual differences in response to dietary Fats and cholesterol, with greater emphasis placed on genetic factors. This work focuses on the current knowledge about the interaction between genetic variants, saturated Fatty acid (SFA), Monounsaturated Fatty acid (MUFA), and cardiovascular risk factors. The current knowledge suggests that, in most cases, dietary SFAs enhance the association of genetic variants predisposing to CVD disease. Conversely, higher intake of MUFAs tends to be associated with the quenching of the main deleterious effects associated with specific genetic variants. However, in order to achieve its objectives, precision nutrition will need to integrate the information of the genome, epigenome, microbiome, and deep phenotyping (i.e., metabolomics) in combination with the exposome.
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clock per2 and bmal1 dna methylation association with obesity and metabolic syndrome characteristics and Monounsaturated Fat intake
Chronobiology International, 2012Co-Authors: Fermin I Milagro, Jose M Ordovas, Purificacion Gomezabellan, Javier Campion, Alfredo J Martinez, Marta GarauletAbstract:The circadian clock system instructs 24-h rhythmicity on gene expression in essentially all cells, including adipocytes, and epigenetic mechanisms may participate in this regulation. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) features in clock gene methylation and the involvement of these epigenetic modifications in the outcomes. Sixty normal-weight, overweight and obese women followed a 16-weeks weight reduction program. DNA methylation levels at different CpG sites of CLOCK, BMAL1 and PER2 genes were analyzed by Sequenom's MassARRAY in white blood cells obtained before the treatment. Statistical differences between normal-weight and overweight + obese subjects were found in the methylation status of different CpG sites of CLOCK (CpGs 1, 5-6, 8 and 11-14) and, with lower statistical significance, in BMAL1 (CpGs 6-7, 8, 15 and 16-17). The methylation pattern of different CpG sites of the three genes showed significant associations with anthropometric parameters such as body mass index and adiposity, and with a MetS score. Moreover, the baseline methylation levels of CLOCK CpG 1 and PER2 CpGs 2-3 and 25 correlated with the magnitude of weight loss. Interestingly, the percentage of methylation of CLOCK CpGs 1 and 8 showed associations with the intake of Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated Fatty acids. This study demonstrates for the first time an association between methylation status of CpG sites located in clock genes (CLOCK, BMAL1 and PER2) with obesity, MetS and weight loss. Moreover, the methylation status of different CpG sites in CLOCK and PER2 could be used as biomarkers of weight-loss success, particularly CLOCK CPGs 5-6.
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lack of efficacy of a food frequency questionnaire in assessing dietary macronutrient intakes in subjects consuming diets of known composition
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000Co-Authors: Ernst J. Schaefer, Jose M Ordovas, Joi L Augustin, M M Schaefer, Helen Rasmussen, Gerard E Dallal, Johanna T DwyerAbstract:BACKGROUND: We compared the validity of a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire in assessing intakes of macronutrients (absolute amounts and percentages of energy) by 19 subjects fed natural-food diets of known composition. In small subsets (n = 5 or 6), we also tested 3-d diet records. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of food-frequency questionnaires and diet records in subjects fed natural-food diets of known composition. DESIGN: Each subject consumed 3 different diets for >/=6 wk and self-reported his or her food intake by using a food-frequency questionnaire and a diet record. The diets varied in their chemically analyzed contents of Fat (15-35% energy), saturated Fat (5-14%), Monounsaturated Fat (5-14.5%), polyunsaturated Fat (2.5-10.5%), carbohydrate (49-68%), and cholesterol (108-348 mg/d). RESULTS: The food-frequency questionnaire significantly underestimated Fat, saturated Fat, Monounsaturated Fat, and protein intakes and significantly overestimated carbohydrate intake with the high-Fat diet. The percentage of energy from Fat was significantly underestimated for the high-Fat diet and significantly overestimated for the very-low-Fat diet. Estimates from the food-frequency questionnaire differed significantly from actual intakes for Fat (absolute and percentage), saturated Fat (absolute and percentage), Monounsaturated Fat (absolute and percentage), and protein (percentage) in the high-Fat diet and for polyunsaturated Fat (absolute and percentage), saturated Fat (percentage), fiber (absolute), and cholesterol (daily absolute; in mg/d) in the lower-Fat diet. Estimates from the diet records better agreed with actual intakes than did estimates from the food-frequency questionnaire except for Monounsaturated Fat (absolute and percentage) in the high-Fat diet and polyunsaturated Fat (percentage) in the lower-Fat diet and the very-low-Fat diet. CONCLUSION: Our data indicated that the food-frequency questionnaire did not provide reliable estimates of absolute amounts of dietary Fats or cholesterol.
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circulating levels of endothelial function are modulated by dietary Monounsaturated Fat
Atherosclerosis, 1999Co-Authors: Francisco Perezjimenez, Jose Lopezmiranda, F Lopezsegura, A Blanco, Carmen Marin, Pedro Castro, Elier Pazrojas, Francisco Velasco, Francisco Fuentes, Jose M OrdovasAbstract:Abstract Background : For the most part, the benefits of Monounsaturated-rich diets (MUFA-diet) have been related to their action on plasma lipid levels. However other non-lipidic effects could also be involved in their protective effects. One of these involves the decrease in plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), the main inhibitor of fibrinolysis. Given that the PAI-1 is of endothelial origin, one hypothesis is that the MUFA-diet could protect against CHD by modulating some endothelial components. Methods and results : Healthy male subjects ( n =25) received three different consecutive diets, each lasting 28 days: a low Fat NCEP-I-diet, with 28% calories as Fat, 10% saturated Fat (SAT), 12% Monounsaturated (MUFA) and 6% polyunsaturated (PUFA); a MUFA-diet, with 38% calories as Fat, 10% SAT, 22% MUFA and 6% PUFA; and a SAT rich-diet (SAT-diet), with 38% calories as Fat, 20% SAT, 12% MUFA and 6% PUFA. After each dietary period, the plasma lipid profile was determined, including total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total triglyceride, apo A1, apo B plasma levels and conjugated diene formation, after incubation of LDL particles with Cu 5 μM/l. Endothelial products measured in plasma were von Willebrand factor (vWF), E-selectin, Thrombomodulin and Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) levels. We observed a decrease in vWF, PAI-1 and TFPI plasma levels and an increase in lag time of conjugated diene formation after the MUFA-diet. There was a positive correlation between the decreases in TFPI and vWF and the changes in total cholesterol, LDL-C, apo B plasma levels. The decrease in TFPI was negatively correlated with the increase in lag time of conjugated diene formation. PAI-1 plasma levels were positively correlated with total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides and negatively correlated with HDL-C. Conclusions : Consumption of a Mediterranean-type MUFA-diet produces a decrease in plasma levels of vWF, TFPI and PAI-1 plasma levels in young healthy males. Given that these substances are of endothelial origin, one could suggest that the MUFA of the diet has a beneficial effect on endothelial function resulting in protective changes against thrombogenesis.
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influence of the ssti polymorphism at the apolipoprotein c iii gene locus on the plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol response to dietary Monounsaturated Fat
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1997Co-Authors: Jose Lopezmiranda, Jose M Ordovas, F Lopezsegura, S Jansen, Joaquin Salas, Carmen Marin, Pedro Castro, Maria A Ostos, Gracia Cruz, A BlancoAbstract:The plasma lipid response to changes in dietary Fat and cholesterol can vary between individuals. The SstI polymorphism, arising from a cytosine to guanosine substitution in the 3' untranslated region of the APOC3 gene distinguishes between two alleles-s1 and S2. The S2 allele has been associated with elevated plasma triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and apolipoprotein (apo) C-III concentrations. In 90 young men we examined the effect of the same mutation on the response of low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to dietary Monounsaturated Fat. The frequency for the S2 allele was 0.14. Subjects were fed a low-Fat diet for 25 d, followed by a diet rich in Monounsaturated Fatty acid (22% MUFA, 38% total Fat) for 28 d; lipoproteins were measured at the end of each diet. There were no significant differences in initial total cholesterol between subjects with the APOC3*SI/ APOC3*S1 (S1/S1) and APOC3*S1/APOC3*S2 (S1/S2) genotypes. After consumption of the diet high in MUFA, significant increases in LDL cholesterol (0.13 mmol/L, P < 0.027) were noted in the S1/S1 subjects whereas a significant decrease was observed in the S1/S2 subjects (-0.18 mmol/L, P < 0.046). Significant genotypic effects were seen for diet-induced changes in LDL cholesterol (P < 0.00034), total cholesterol (P < 0.0091), and apo B (P < 0.0014). A study of the effect of the interaction between this mutation with that present in position -76 of the APOA1 gene promoter region (G/A) revealed that both mutations had an additive effect on changes in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apo B induced by diets. Plasma LDL-cholesterol responsiveness to the diet may be explained, at least in part, by variation at the APOC3 gene locus.
Joan Sabate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of almond enriched high Monounsaturated Fat diet on selected markers of inflammation a randomised controlled crossover study
British Journal of Nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Sujatha Rajaram, Kristianne M Connell, Joan SabateAbstract:Frequent consumption of nuts lowers the risk of CHD. While lowering blood lipids is one of the mechanisms for cardioprotection, the present study sought to determine whether Monounsaturated Fat-rich almonds also influence other CHD risk factors such as inflammation and haemostasis. This was a randomised, controlled, crossover feeding study with twenty-five healthy adults (eleven men; fourteen women), age 22-53 years. Following a 2 week run-in phase (34 % energy from Fat), subjects were assigned in random order to three diets for 4 weeks each: a heart-healthy control diet with no nuts ( < 30 % energy from Fat), low-almond diet and high-almond diet (10 % or 20 % isoenergetic replacement of control diet with almonds, respectively). Serum E-selectin was significantly lower on the high-almond diet compared with the control diet. E-selectin decreased as the percentage of energy from almonds increased (P < 0.0001). C-reactive protein (CRP) was lower in both the almond diets compared with the control diet. A clear dose response was not observed for either E-selectin or CRP. There was no effect of diet on IL-6 or fibrinogen. Tissue plasminogen activator antigen was significantly lower on the control and high-almond diets compared with the low-almond diet, although the values were within normal range. In conclusion, consumption of almonds influenced a few but not all of the markers of inflammation and haemostasis. A clear dose response was not observed for any of the markers studied.
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a Monounsaturated Fatty acid rich pecan enriched diet favorably alters the serum lipid profile of healthy men and women
Journal of Nutrition, 2001Co-Authors: Sujatha Rajaram, Kenneth I Burke, Bertrum Connell, Tun Myint, Joan SabateAbstract:Frequent consumption of nuts is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the effect of pecans rich in Monounsaturated Fat as an alternative to the Step 1 diet in modifying serum lipids and lipoproteins in men and women with normal to moderately high serum cholesterol. In a single-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover feeding study, we assigned 23 subjects (mean age: 38 y; 9 women, 14 men) to follow two diets, each for 4 wk: a Step I diet and a pecan-enriched diet (accomplished by proportionately reducing all food items in a Step I diet by one fifth for a 20% isoenergetic replacement with pecans). The percentage of energy from Fat in the two diets was 28.3 and 39.6%, respectively. Both diets improved the lipid profile; however, the pecan-enriched diet decreased both serum total and LDL cholesterol by 0.32 mmol/L (6.7 and 10.4%, respectively) and triglyceride by 0.14 mmol/L (11.1%) beyond the Step I diet, while increasing HDL cholesterol by 0.06 mmol/L (2.5 mg/dL). Serum apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) decreased by 11.6 and 11.1%, respectively, and apolipoprotein A1 increased by 2.2% when subjects consumed the pecan compared with the Step I diet. These differences were all significant (P < 0.05). A 20% isoenergetic replacement of a Step I diet with pecans favorably altered the serum lipid profile beyond the Step I diet, without increasing body weight. Nuts such as pecans that are rich in Monounsaturated Fat may therefore be recommended as part of prescribed cholesterol-lowering diet of patients or habitual diet of healthy individuals.
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substituting walnuts for Monounsaturated Fat improves the serum lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic men and women a randomized crossover trial
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Daniel Zambon, Joan Sabate, Elena Casals, Sonia Munoz, Betina Campero, Manuel Merlos, Juan C Laguna, Emilio RosAbstract:Background: It has been reported that walnuts reduce serum cholesterol levels in normal young men. Objective: To assess the acceptability of walnuts and their effects on serum lipid levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidizability in free-living hypercholesterolemic persons. Design: Randomized, crossover feeding trial. Setting: Lipid clinic at a university hospital. Patients: 55 men and women (mean age, 56 years) with polygenic hypercholesterolemia. Intervention: A cholesterol-lowering Mediterranean diet and a diet of similar energy and Fat content in which walnuts replaced approximately 35% of the energy obtained from Monounsaturated Fat. Patients followed each diet for 6 weeks. Measurements: Low-density lipoprotein Fatty acids (to assess compliance), serum lipid levels, lipoprotein(a) levels, and LDL resistance to in vitro oxidative stress. Results: 49 persons completed the trial. The walnut diet was well tolerated. Planned and observed diets were closely matched. Compared with the Mediterranean diet, the walnut diet produced mean changes of -4.1% in total cholesterol level, -5.9% in LDL cholesterol level, and -6.2% in lipoprotein(a) level. The mean differences in the changes in serum lipid levels were -0.28 mmol/L (95% Cl, -0.43 to -0.12 mmol/L) (-10.8 mg/dL [-16.8 to -4.8 mg/dL]) (P < 0.001) for total cholesterol level, -0.29 mmol/L (Cl, -0.41 to -0.15 mmol/L) (-11.2 mg/dL [-16.3 to -6.1 mg/dL]) (P < 0.001) for LDL cholesterol level, and -0.021 g/L (Cl, -0.042 to -0.001 g/L) (P = 0.042) for lipoprotein(a) level. Lipid changes were similar in men and women except for lipoprotein(a) levels, which decreased only in men. Low-density lipoprotein particles were enriched with polyunsaturated Fatty acids from walnuts, but their resistance to oxidation was preserved. Conclusion: Substituting walnuts for part of the Monounsaturated Fat in a cholesterol-lowering Mediterranean diet further reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels in men and women with hypercholesterolemia.
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substituting walnuts for Monounsaturated Fat improves the serum lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic men and women
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Daniel Zambon, Joan Sabate, Elena Casals, Sonia Munoz, Betina Campero, Manuel Merlos, Juan C Laguna, Emilio RosAbstract:Previous studies have reported that walnuts decrease serum cholesterol levels in young men. In this study of men and women with polygenic hypercholesterolemia, substituting walnuts for part of the ...