The Experts below are selected from a list of 1968 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Xavier Montagutelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mus spretus SEG/Pas mice resist virulent Yersinia pestis, under multigenic control
Genes and Immunity, 2011Co-Authors: Charlene Blanchet, Marek Szatanik, Jean-jacques Panthier, Jean Jaubert, Elisabeth Carniel, Corinne Fayolle, Genevieve Milon, Xavier MontagutelliAbstract:Laboratory mice are well known to be highly susceptible to virulent strains of Yersinia pestis in experimental models of bubonic plague. We have found that Mus spretus-derived SEG/Pas (SEG) mice are exceptionally resistant to virulent CO92 and 6/69 wild type strains. Upon subcutaneous injection of 10(2) colony-forming units (CFU), 90% of females and 68% of males survived, compared with only an 8% survival rate for both male and female C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, half of the SEG mice survived a challenge of up to 10(7) CFU. The time required for mortality was similar between B6 and SEG, suggesting that survival is dependent on early rather than late processes. The analysis of 322 backcross mice identified three significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 3, 4 and 6, with dominant SEG protective alleles. Each QTL increased the survival rate by approximately 20%. The three QTLs function additively, thereby accounting for 67% of the difference between the parental phenotypes. Mice heterozygous for the three QTLs were just as resistant as SEG mice to Y. pestis challenge. The SEG strain therefore offers an invaluable opportunity to unravel mechanisms and underlying genetic factors of resistance against Y. pestis infection.
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Genetic analysis of skull shape variation and morphological integration in the mouse using interspecific recombinant congenic strains between C57BL/6 and mice of the Mus spretus species.
Evolution, 2009Co-Authors: Gaetan Burgio, Michel Baylac, Evelyne Heyer, Xavier MontagutelliAbstract:To assess the genetic basis of the skull shape variation and morphological integration in mice, we have used a tool based on the cross between the distantly related mouse species Mus spretus (SEG/Pas strain) and the laboratory strain C57BL/6 called interspecific recombinant congenic strains (IRCSs). The genome of each IRCS consists on average of 1.3% of SEG/Pas derived sequences, located on multiple chromosomes as small-sized, DNA segments. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) on the skull shape, separated into dorsal and ventral sides, were analyzed in 17 IRCSs by a Procrustes superimposition method using 3D landmarks. The shapes of 16 strains differed significantly from C57BL/6. Discrepancy in the QTLs effects was found between the dorsal side and the anterior region of the ventral side due to a differential effect of the SEG/Pas alleles on the skull shape. A comprehensive analysis of all allelic combinations of the BCG-66H strain showed strong epistatic interactions between SEG/Pas segment acting on both skull sides. Epistatic pleiotropy and covariation between sides were dependent in SEG/Pas alleles direction and contributed to the strong morphological integration between sides. Introduction of Mus spretus alleles in a C57BL/6 background induced strong morphological changes mostly in SEG/Pas alleles direction and provided evidence for high level of morphological integration.
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Thirty years of Mus spretus: a promising future
Trends in genetics : TIG, 2009Co-Authors: Lien Dejager, Claude Libert, Xavier MontagutelliAbstract:Extensive genetic polymorphisms in Mus spretus have ensured its widespread use in many areas of genetics. With the recent increase in the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms available for laboratory mouse strains, M. spretus is becoming less appealing, in particular for genetic mapping. Although M. spretus mice are aggressive and poor breeders, they have a bright future because they provide phenotypes unobserved in laboratory strains, and tools are available for modifying their genome and dissecting the genetic architecture of complex traits. Furthermore, they provide information on fundamental genetic questions, such as the details of evolution of genomes and speciation. Here, we examine the use of M. spretus from these perspectives. The impending completion of the M. spretus genome sequence will synergize these advantages.
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interspecific recombinant congenic strains between c57bl 6 and mice of the Mus spretus species a powerful tool to dissect genetic control of complex traits
Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: Gaetan Burgio, Marek Szatanik, María Rosa Arnau, Jean-louis Guénet, Jean-jacques Panthier, Xavier MontagutelliAbstract:Complex traits are under the genetic control of multiple genes, often with weak effects and strong epistatic interactions. We developed two new collections of mouse strains to improve genetic dissection of complex traits. They are derived from several backcrosses of the Mus spretus SEG/Pas or STF/Pas strains on the C57BL/6J background. Each of the 55 interspecific recombinant congenic strains (IRCSs) carries up to eight SEG/Pas chromosomal segments with an average size of 11.7 Mb, totalizing 1.37% of the genome. The complete series covers 39.7% of the SEG/Pas genome. As a complementary resource, six partial or complete interspecific consomic strains were developed and increased genome coverage to 45.6%. To evaluate the usefulness of these strains for QTL mapping, 16 IRCSs were compared with C57BL/6J for seven hematological parameters. Strain 66H, which carries three SEG/Pas chromosomal segments, had lower red blood cell volume and higher platelet count than C57BL/6J. Each chromosomal segment was isolated in a congenic strain to evaluate individual effects. Congenic strains were combined to assess epistasis. Our data show that both traits were controlled by several genes with complex epistatic interactions. IRCSs are therefore useful to unravel QTL with small effects and gene-by-gene interactions.
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Interspecific recombinant congenic strains between C57BL/6 and mice of the Mus spretus species: a powerful tool to dissect genetic control of complex traits.
Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: Gaetan Burgio, Marek Szatanik, María Rosa Arnau, Jean-louis Guénet, Jean-jacques Panthier, Xavier MontagutelliAbstract:Complex traits are under the genetic control of multiple genes, often with weak effects and strong epistatic interactions. We developed two new collections of mouse strains to improve genetic dissection of complex traits. They are derived from several backcrosses of the Mus spretus SEG/Pas or STF/Pas strains on the C57BL/6J background. Each of the 55 interspecific recombinant congenic strains (IRCSs) carries up to eight SEG/Pas chromosomal segments with an average size of 11.7 Mb, totalizing 1.37% of the genome. The complete series covers 39.7% of the SEG/Pas genome. As a complementary resource, six partial or complete interspecific consomic strains were developed and increased genome coverage to 45.6%. To evaluate the usefulness of these strains for QTL mapping, 16 IRCSs were compared with C57BL/6J for seven hematological parameters. Strain 66H, which carries three SEG/Pas chromosomal segments, had lower red blood cell volume and higher platelet count than C57BL/6J. Each chromosomal segment was isolated in a congenic strain to evaluate individual effects. Congenic strains were combined to assess epistasis. Our data show that both traits were controlled by several genes with complex epistatic interactions. IRCSs are therefore useful to unravel QTL with small effects and gene-by-gene interactions.
Jean-jacques Panthier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evolution of major milk proteins in Mus Musculus and Mus spretus mouse species: a genoproteomic analysis
BMC Genomics, 2011Co-Authors: Nisrine Boumahrou, Emmanuelle Rebours, Guy Miranda, Sanda Andrei, Sylvain Bellier, Claudia Bevilacqua, Christian Beauvallet, Jean-jacques Panthier, Patrice MartinAbstract:Background Due to their high level of genotypic and phenotypic variability, Mus spretus strains were introduced in laboratories to investigate the genetic determinism of complex phenotypes including quantitative trait loci. Mus spretus diverged from Mus Musculus around 2.5 million years ago and exhibits on average a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in every 100 base pairs when compared with any of the classical laboratory strains. A genoproteomic approach was used to assess polymorphism of the major milk proteins between SEG/Pas and C57BL/6J, two inbred strains of mice representative of Mus spretus and Mus Musculus species, respectively.
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Evolution of major milk proteins in Mus Musculus and Mus spretus mouse species: a genoproteomic analysis.
BMC Genomics, 2011Co-Authors: Nisrine Boumahrou, Emmanuelle Rebours, Guy Miranda, Sanda Andrei, Sylvain Bellier, Claudia Bevilacqua, Christian Beauvallet, Jean-jacques Panthier, Patrice MartinAbstract:BACKGROUND: Due to their high level of genotypic and phenotypic variability, Mus spretus strains were introduced in laboratories to investigate the genetic determinism of complex phenotypes including quantitative trait loci. Mus spretus diverged from Mus Musculus around 2.5 million years ago and exhibits on average a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in every 100 base pairs when compared with any of the classical laboratory strains. A genoproteomic approach was used to assess polymorphism of the major milk proteins between SEG/Pas and C57BL/6J, two inbred strains of mice representative of Mus spretus and Mus Musculus species, respectively. RESULTS: The milk protein concentration was dramatically reduced in the SEG/Pas strain by comparison with the C57BL/6J strain (34 ± 9 g/L vs. 125 ± 12 g/L, respectively). Nine major proteins were identified in both milks using RP-HPLC, bi-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-Tof mass spectrometry. Two caseins (β and αs1) and the whey acidic protein (WAP), showed distinct chromatographic and electrophoresis behaviours. These differences were partly explained by the occurrence of amino acid substitutions and splicing variants revealed by cDNA sequencing. A total of 34 SNPs were identified in the coding and 3'untranslated regions of the SEG/Pas Csn1s1 (11), Csn2 (7) and Wap (8) genes. In addition, a 3 nucleotide deletion leading to the loss of a serine residue at position 93 was found in the SEG/Pas Wap gene. CONCLUSION: SNP frequencies found in three milk protein-encoding genes between Mus spretus and Mus Musculus is twice the values previously reported at the whole genome level. However, the protein structure and post-translational modifications seem not to be affected by SNPs characterized in our study. Splicing mechanisms (cryptic splice site usage, exon skipping, error-prone junction sequence), already identified in casein genes from other species, likely explain the existence of multiple αs1-casein isoforms both in SEG/Pas and C57BL/6J strains. Finally, we propose a possible mechanism by which the hallmark tandem duplication of a 18-nt exon (14 copies) may have occurred in the mouse genome.
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Mus spretus seg pas mice resist virulent yersinia pestis under multigenic control
Genes and Immunity, 2011Co-Authors: Marek Szatanik, Jean-jacques Panthier, Charlene Blanchet, Jean Jaubert, Elisabeth Carniel, Corinne Fayolle, Genevieve MilonAbstract:Laboratory mice are well known to be highly susceptible to virulent strains of Yersinia pestis in experimental models of bubonic plague. We have found that Mus spretus-derived SEG/Pas (SEG) mice are exceptionally resistant to virulent CO92 and 6/69 wild type strains. Upon subcutaneous injection of 102 colony-forming units (CFU), 90% of females and 68% of males survived, compared with only an 8% survival rate for both male and female C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, half of the SEG mice survived a challenge of up to 107 CFU. The time required for mortality was similar between B6 and SEG, suggesting that survival is dependent on early rather than late processes. The analysis of 322 backcross mice identified three significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 3, 4 and 6, with dominant SEG protective alleles. Each QTL increased the survival rate by approximately 20%. The three QTLs function additively, thereby accounting for 67% of the difference between the parental phenotypes. Mice heterozygous for the three QTLs were just as resistant as SEG mice to Y. pestis challenge. The SEG strain therefore offers an invaluable opportunity to unravel mechanisms and underlying genetic factors of resistance against Y. pestis infection.
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Mus spretus SEG/Pas mice resist virulent Yersinia pestis, under multigenic control
Genes and Immunity, 2011Co-Authors: Charlene Blanchet, Marek Szatanik, Jean-jacques Panthier, Jean Jaubert, Elisabeth Carniel, Corinne Fayolle, Genevieve Milon, Xavier MontagutelliAbstract:Laboratory mice are well known to be highly susceptible to virulent strains of Yersinia pestis in experimental models of bubonic plague. We have found that Mus spretus-derived SEG/Pas (SEG) mice are exceptionally resistant to virulent CO92 and 6/69 wild type strains. Upon subcutaneous injection of 10(2) colony-forming units (CFU), 90% of females and 68% of males survived, compared with only an 8% survival rate for both male and female C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, half of the SEG mice survived a challenge of up to 10(7) CFU. The time required for mortality was similar between B6 and SEG, suggesting that survival is dependent on early rather than late processes. The analysis of 322 backcross mice identified three significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 3, 4 and 6, with dominant SEG protective alleles. Each QTL increased the survival rate by approximately 20%. The three QTLs function additively, thereby accounting for 67% of the difference between the parental phenotypes. Mice heterozygous for the three QTLs were just as resistant as SEG mice to Y. pestis challenge. The SEG strain therefore offers an invaluable opportunity to unravel mechanisms and underlying genetic factors of resistance against Y. pestis infection.
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interspecific recombinant congenic strains between c57bl 6 and mice of the Mus spretus species a powerful tool to dissect genetic control of complex traits
Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: Gaetan Burgio, Marek Szatanik, María Rosa Arnau, Jean-louis Guénet, Jean-jacques Panthier, Xavier MontagutelliAbstract:Complex traits are under the genetic control of multiple genes, often with weak effects and strong epistatic interactions. We developed two new collections of mouse strains to improve genetic dissection of complex traits. They are derived from several backcrosses of the Mus spretus SEG/Pas or STF/Pas strains on the C57BL/6J background. Each of the 55 interspecific recombinant congenic strains (IRCSs) carries up to eight SEG/Pas chromosomal segments with an average size of 11.7 Mb, totalizing 1.37% of the genome. The complete series covers 39.7% of the SEG/Pas genome. As a complementary resource, six partial or complete interspecific consomic strains were developed and increased genome coverage to 45.6%. To evaluate the usefulness of these strains for QTL mapping, 16 IRCSs were compared with C57BL/6J for seven hematological parameters. Strain 66H, which carries three SEG/Pas chromosomal segments, had lower red blood cell volume and higher platelet count than C57BL/6J. Each chromosomal segment was isolated in a congenic strain to evaluate individual effects. Congenic strains were combined to assess epistasis. Our data show that both traits were controlled by several genes with complex epistatic interactions. IRCSs are therefore useful to unravel QTL with small effects and gene-by-gene interactions.
Maria Da Luz Mathias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Population effects of heavy metal pollution in wild Algerian mice (Mus spretus).
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2019Co-Authors: Ana Sofia Quina, Ana Filipa Durão, Francesc Muñoz-muñoz, Jacint Ventura, Maria Da Luz MathiasAbstract:Abstract Heavy metal mining is one of the largest sources of environmental pollution. The analysis of different types of biomarkers in sentinel species living in contaminated areas provides a measure of the degree of the ecological impact of pollution and is thus a valuable tool for human and environmental risk assessments. In previous studies we found that specimens from two populations of the Algerian mice (Mus spretus) living in two abandoned heavy metal mines (Aljustrel and Preguica, Portugal) had higher body burdens of heavy metals, which led to alterations in enzymatic activities and in haematological, histological and genotoxic parameters, than mice from a nearby reference population. We have now analysed individuals from the same sites at the biometric and genetic levels to get a broader portrayal of the impact of heavy metal pollution on biodiversity, from molecules to populations. Size and shape variations of the mouse mandible were searched by implementing the geometric morphometric method. Population genetic differentiation and diversity parameters (φST estimates; nucleotide and haplotype diversities) were studied using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cytb) and the control region (CR). The morphometric analyses revealed that animals from the three sites differed significantly in the shape of the mandible, but mandibular shape varied in a more resembling way within individuals of both mine sites, which is highly suggestive for an effect of environmental quality on normal development pathways in Algerian mice. Also, antisymmetry in mandible size and shape was detected in all populations, making these traits not reliable indicators of developmental instability. Overall little genetic differentiation was found among the three populations, although pairwise φST comparisons revealed that the Aljustrel and the Preguica populations were each differentiated from the other two populations in Cytb and in CR, respectively. Genetic diversity parameters revealed higher genetic diversity for Cytb in the population from Aljustrel, while in the population from Preguica diversity of the two markers changed in opposite directions, higher genetic diversity in CR and lower in Cytb, compared to the reference population. Demographic changes and increased mutation rates may explain these findings. We show that developmental patterns and genetic composition of wild populations of a small mammal can be affected by chronic heavy metal exposure within a relatively short time. Anthropogenic stress may thus influence the evolutionary path of natural populations, with largely unpredictable ecological costs.
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Mus spretus as an environmental sentinel a review of 17 years 1998 2015 of research in mediterranean europe
Ecological Indicators, 2017Co-Authors: Flavio Manoel Rodrigues Da Silva, Samantha Eslavamartins, Ana Luiza Muccillobaisch, Maria Da Luz MathiasAbstract:Abstract The Algerian mouse Mus spretus has been widely used as a biomonitor to assess environmental contamination, either in situ or ex situ. Knowledge on toxic effects of environmental pollutants on M. spretus greatly stems from multi-approach studies, in late 1990’s and early 2000’s, aiming at evaluating the acute and chronic environmental impacts generated by mining activities, in Spain and Portugal. These studies also identified several measures of overall fitness in mice as indicators of metal stress. More recent studies have pointed out for two promising pathways: the use of non-invasive and non-destructive endpoints aiming to protect wild populations; and the “omic” sciences. Overall, the set of studies carried out over the last 17 years (1998–2015) demonstrates the potential use of M. spretus as a sentinel species to detect environmental contamination, especially by mixtures of contaminants.
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Mus spretus as an environmental sentinel: A review of 17 years (1998–2015) of research in Mediterranean Europe
Ecological Indicators, 2017Co-Authors: Flavio Manoel Rodrigues Da Silva Júnior, Ana Luiza Muccillo-baisch, Samantha Eslava-martins, Maria Da Luz MathiasAbstract:Abstract The Algerian mouse Mus spretus has been widely used as a biomonitor to assess environmental contamination, either in situ or ex situ. Knowledge on toxic effects of environmental pollutants on M. spretus greatly stems from multi-approach studies, in late 1990’s and early 2000’s, aiming at evaluating the acute and chronic environmental impacts generated by mining activities, in Spain and Portugal. These studies also identified several measures of overall fitness in mice as indicators of metal stress. More recent studies have pointed out for two promising pathways: the use of non-invasive and non-destructive endpoints aiming to protect wild populations; and the “omic” sciences. Overall, the set of studies carried out over the last 17 years (1998–2015) demonstrates the potential use of M. spretus as a sentinel species to detect environmental contamination, especially by mixtures of contaminants.
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Geno- and cyto-toxicity in free-living rodent Mus spretus exposed to simulated onshore oil spill.
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Flavio Manoel Rodrigues Da Silva Júnior, Rita I. Monarca, Deodália Dias, Maria Da Graça Ramalhinho, Maria Da Luz Mathias, Ana Luiza Muccillo-baischAbstract:This study investigated geno- and cyto-toxic damage in the free-living rodent, Mus spretus after exposure to a simulated spill of crude oil on soil. The results revealed increased mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in bone marrow cells and increased DNA damage in blood cells. Exposure to crude oil increased sperm abnormalities, with lasso-like folds being the most common. These results point to the value of this rodent in serving as a sentinel species for the monitoring and prediction of environmental hazards.
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Physiological damage in Algerian mouse Mus spretus (Rodentia: Muridae) exposed to crude oil
2012Co-Authors: Rita I. Monarca, Deodália Dias, Maria Da Graça Ramalhinho, Maria Da Luz MathiasAbstract:Small mammals have been used to predict ecotoxicological damage caused by metals in field studies and laboratory exposure. In natural ecosystems, rodents play an important role either as seed dispersers or food providers for various predators since they represent intermediate links in the food chain. Several studies have already focused on the effects of metals on wild rodents, but data provided on the effects of organic contaminants, such as crude oil, are scarce. Among the possible biological indicators, physiological parameters are useful because they reflect, accurately, the organism-environment interaction. The current study aimed: I) to evaluate the effects of the exposure to soil contaminated by crude oil in the Mus spretus mice and II) to select sensitive markers to crude oil pollution. Mice collected in free-contaminated areas were exposed to artificial soil contaminated by crude oil, and compared with animals housed in artificial non-contaminated soil (control soil). External signs such as lethargy and alopecia were observed in the first days of exposure. However, no changes in animals’ body weight were recorded although changes in relative weight of some organs (liver, spleen and lungs) were observed. Furthermore, results also revealed increase in basal metabolic rate and decrease in exploratory and locomotor activity. Exposure to soil contaminated also caused dysfunction of the adrenal glands measured through fecal corticosterone levels. Data obtained highlight the relevance of using ex situ models, such as wild mice, and suggest a set of biological markers to predict and monitor environmental damage caused by crude oil exposure.
Stephen C. Hardies - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gene flow of unique sequences between Mus Musculus domesticus and Mus spretus
Mammalian Genome, 2000Co-Authors: Rhonda Greene-till, Yingping Zhao, Stephen C. HardiesAbstract:Allelic diversity has been examined from a variety of Mus Musculus subspecies and Mus spretus strains by sequencing at a 453-bp unique sequence locus. One M. m. domesticus classic inbred strain, C57BL/KsJ, contained a sequence identical to that in the M. spretus wild-derived inbred strain SEG, and other wild M. spretus isolates. Such a result should have been precluded by the expected divergence between the species unless there has been interspecies gene flow. Examination of C57BL/KsJ for M. spretus-specific repetitive sequences shows that it is neither a mis-identified spretus strain nor a domesticus/spretus hybrid. Thus, in addition to the previously reported presence of small amounts of Mus spretus-specific repetitive DNA in M. m. domesticus, there is a detectable flow of unique sequence between the two species. There was also ancestral polymorphism observed among the spretus alleles. The difficulty of distinguishing ancestral polymorphism from horizontal transfer is discussed.
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Shared sequence variants of Mus spretus LINE-1 elements tracing dispersal to within the last 1 million years
Genetics, 1994Co-Authors: N C Casavant, Stephen C. HardiesAbstract:LINE-1 repetitive sequences contain a record of an evolving population of transposons within the mammalian genome. Of the 100,000 copies of LINE-1 sequences per genome there are many shared sequence variants representing changes occurring within the propagating LINE-1 elements themselves, rather than changes that occur during retrotransposition or after an element inserts in the genome. These shared sequence variants define families of LINE-1 elements which have spread within specific periods of time. We have been interested in studying events in LINE-1 evolution since the speciation of Mus spretus and Mus domesticus approximately 3 million years (Myr) ago. To do this, we have collected LINE-1 sequences that have shared sequence variants specific to M. spretus. The sampled LINE-1 elements were sequenced at their extreme 3' ends, where the density of sequence variants is highest. The new sequences define six new M. spretus-specific sequence variants. Of these, we have found one that could be used to screen for LINE-1 elements arising in the last 1 Myr, which we argue is a critical sample for understanding the dynamics of LINE-1 propagation.
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Targeted cloning of a subfamily of LINE-1 elements by subfamily-specific LINE-1-PCR
Mammalian Genome, 1993Co-Authors: N. Carol Casavant, Stephen C. HardiesAbstract:Subfamily-specific LINE-1 PCR (SSL1-PCR) is the targeted amplification and cloning of defined subfamilies of LINE-1 elements and their flanking sequences. The targeting is accomplished by incorporating a subfamily-specific sequence difference at the 3′ end of a LINE-1 PCR primer and pairing it with a primer to an anchor ligated within the flanking region. SSL1-PCR was demonstrated by targeting amplification of a Mus spretus -specific LINE-1 subfamily. The amplified fragments were cloned to make an SSL1-PCR library, which was found to be 100-fold enriched for the targeted elements. PCR primers were synthesized based on the sequence flanking the LINE-1 element of four different clones. Three of the clones were recovered from Mus spretus DNA. A fourth clone was recovered from a congenic mouse containing both Mus spretus and Mus domesticus DNA. Amplification between these flanking primers and LINE-1 PCR primers produced a product in Mus spretus and not in Mus domesticus . These dimorphisms were further verified to be due to insertion of Mus spretus -specific LINE-1 elements into Mus spretus DNA and not into Mus domesticus DNA.
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LINE-1 repetitive DNA probes for species-specific cloning from Mus spretus and Mus domesticus genomes
Genomics, 1991Co-Authors: Brad A. Rikke, Stephen C. HardiesAbstract:Abstract Mus domesticus and Mus spretus mice are closely related subspecies. For genetic investigations involving hybrid mice, we have developed a set of species-specific oligonucleotide probes based on the detection of LINE-1 sequence differences. LINE-1 is a repetitive DNA family whose many members are interspersed among the genes. In this study, library screening experiments were used to fully characterize the species specificity of four M. domesticus LINE-1 probes and three M. spretus LINE-1 probes. It was found that the nucleotide differences detected by the probes define large, species-specific subfamilies. We show that collaborative use of such probes can be employed to selectively detect thousands of species-specific library clones. Consequently, these probes could be exploited to monitor and access almost any given species-specific region of interest within hybrid genomes.
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Systematic identification of LINE-1 repetitive DNA sequence differences having species specificity between Mus spretus and Mus domesticus.
Journal of molecular biology, 1991Co-Authors: Brad A. Rikke, Lorrie Daggett Garvin, Stephen C. HardiesAbstract:LINE-1 is a family of repetitive DNA sequences interspersed among mammalian genes. In the mouse haploid genome there are about 100,000 LINE-1 copies. We asked if the subspecies Mus spretus and Mus domesticus have developed species-specific LINE-1 subfamilies. Sequences from 14 M. spretus LINE-1 elements were obtained and compared to M. domesticus LINE-1 sequences. Using a molecular phylogenetic tree we identified several differences shared among a subset of young repeats in one or the other species as candidates for species-specific LINE-1 variants. Species specificity was tested using oligonucleotide probes complementary to each putative species-specific variant. When hybridized to genomic DNAs, single-variant probes detected an expanded number of elements in the expected mouse. In the other species these probes detected a smaller number of matches consistent with the average rate of random divergence among LINE-1 elements. It was further found that the combination of two species-specific sequence differences in the same probe reduced the detection background in the wrong species below our detection limit.
Charlene Blanchet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mus spretus seg pas mice resist virulent yersinia pestis under multigenic control
Genes and Immunity, 2011Co-Authors: Marek Szatanik, Jean-jacques Panthier, Charlene Blanchet, Jean Jaubert, Elisabeth Carniel, Corinne Fayolle, Genevieve MilonAbstract:Laboratory mice are well known to be highly susceptible to virulent strains of Yersinia pestis in experimental models of bubonic plague. We have found that Mus spretus-derived SEG/Pas (SEG) mice are exceptionally resistant to virulent CO92 and 6/69 wild type strains. Upon subcutaneous injection of 102 colony-forming units (CFU), 90% of females and 68% of males survived, compared with only an 8% survival rate for both male and female C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, half of the SEG mice survived a challenge of up to 107 CFU. The time required for mortality was similar between B6 and SEG, suggesting that survival is dependent on early rather than late processes. The analysis of 322 backcross mice identified three significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 3, 4 and 6, with dominant SEG protective alleles. Each QTL increased the survival rate by approximately 20%. The three QTLs function additively, thereby accounting for 67% of the difference between the parental phenotypes. Mice heterozygous for the three QTLs were just as resistant as SEG mice to Y. pestis challenge. The SEG strain therefore offers an invaluable opportunity to unravel mechanisms and underlying genetic factors of resistance against Y. pestis infection.
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Mus spretus SEG/Pas mice resist virulent Yersinia pestis, under multigenic control
Genes and Immunity, 2011Co-Authors: Charlene Blanchet, Marek Szatanik, Jean-jacques Panthier, Jean Jaubert, Elisabeth Carniel, Corinne Fayolle, Genevieve Milon, Xavier MontagutelliAbstract:Laboratory mice are well known to be highly susceptible to virulent strains of Yersinia pestis in experimental models of bubonic plague. We have found that Mus spretus-derived SEG/Pas (SEG) mice are exceptionally resistant to virulent CO92 and 6/69 wild type strains. Upon subcutaneous injection of 10(2) colony-forming units (CFU), 90% of females and 68% of males survived, compared with only an 8% survival rate for both male and female C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, half of the SEG mice survived a challenge of up to 10(7) CFU. The time required for mortality was similar between B6 and SEG, suggesting that survival is dependent on early rather than late processes. The analysis of 322 backcross mice identified three significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 3, 4 and 6, with dominant SEG protective alleles. Each QTL increased the survival rate by approximately 20%. The three QTLs function additively, thereby accounting for 67% of the difference between the parental phenotypes. Mice heterozygous for the three QTLs were just as resistant as SEG mice to Y. pestis challenge. The SEG strain therefore offers an invaluable opportunity to unravel mechanisms and underlying genetic factors of resistance against Y. pestis infection.
