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Kazunori Nosaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of oral rehydration solution versus spring water intake during exercise in the heat on Muscle Cramp susceptibility of young men.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021Co-Authors: Wing Yin Lau, Haruyasu Kato, Kazunori NosakaAbstract:Muscle Cramp is a painful, involuntary Muscle contraction, and that occurs during or following exercise is referred to as exercise-associated Muscle Cramp (EAMC). The causes of EAMC are likely to be multifactorial, but dehydration and electrolytes deficits are considered to be factors. This study tested the hypothesis that post-exercise Muscle Cramp susceptibility would be increased with spring water ingestion, but reduced with oral rehydration solution (ORS) ingestion during exercise. Ten men performed downhill running (DHR) in the heat (35-36 °C) for 40-60 min to reduce 1.5-2% of their body mass in two conditions (spring water vs ORS) in a cross-over design. The body mass was measured at 20 min and every 10 min thereafter during DHR, and 30 min post-DHR. The participants ingested either spring water or ORS for the body mass loss in each period. The two conditions were counter-balanced among the participants and separated by a week. Calf Muscle Cramp susceptibility was assessed by a threshold frequency (TF) of an electrical train stimulation to induce Cramp before, immediately after, 30 and 65 min post-DHR. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 65 min after DHR to measure serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and chroride concentrations, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum osmolarity. Changes in these varaibles over time were compared between conditions by two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance. The average (±SD) baseline TF (25.6 ± 0.7 Hz) was the same between conditions. TF decreased 3.8 ± 2.7 to 4.5 ± 1.7 Hz from the baseline value immediately to 65 min post-DHR for the spring water condition, but increased 6.5 ± 4.9 to 13.6 ± 6.0 Hz in the same time period for the ORS condition (P < 0.05). Hct and Hb did not change significantly (P > 0.05) for both conditions, but osmolarity decreased (P < 0.05) only for the spring water condition. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations decreased (< 2%) at immediately post-DHR for the spring water condition only (P < 0.05). These results suggest that ORS intake during exercise decreased Muscle Cramp susceptibility. It was concluded that ingesting ORS appeared to be effective for preventing EAMC.
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effect of oral rehydration solution versus spring water intake during exercise in the heat on Muscle Cramp susceptibility of young men
Journal of The International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021Co-Authors: Wing Yin Lau, Haruyasu Kato, Kazunori NosakaAbstract:BACKGROUND Muscle Cramp is a painful, involuntary Muscle contraction, and that occurs during or following exercise is referred to as exercise-associated Muscle Cramp (EAMC). The causes of EAMC are likely to be multifactorial, but dehydration and electrolytes deficits are considered to be factors. This study tested the hypothesis that post-exercise Muscle Cramp susceptibility would be increased with spring water ingestion, but reduced with oral rehydration solution (ORS) ingestion during exercise. METHODS Ten men performed downhill running (DHR) in the heat (35-36 °C) for 40-60 min to reduce 1.5-2% of their body mass in two conditions (spring water vs ORS) in a cross-over design. The body mass was measured at 20 min and every 10 min thereafter during DHR, and 30 min post-DHR. The participants ingested either spring water or ORS for the body mass loss in each period. The two conditions were counter-balanced among the participants and separated by a week. Calf Muscle Cramp susceptibility was assessed by a threshold frequency (TF) of an electrical train stimulation to induce Cramp before, immediately after, 30 and 65 min post-DHR. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 65 min after DHR to measure serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and chroride concentrations, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum osmolarity. Changes in these varaibles over time were compared between conditions by two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance. RESULTS The average (±SD) baseline TF (25.6 ± 0.7 Hz) was the same between conditions. TF decreased 3.8 ± 2.7 to 4.5 ± 1.7 Hz from the baseline value immediately to 65 min post-DHR for the spring water condition, but increased 6.5 ± 4.9 to 13.6 ± 6.0 Hz in the same time period for the ORS condition (P 0.05) for both conditions, but osmolarity decreased (P < 0.05) only for the spring water condition. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations decreased (< 2%) at immediately post-DHR for the spring water condition only (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ORS intake during exercise decreased Muscle Cramp susceptibility. It was concluded that ingesting ORS appeared to be effective for preventing EAMC.
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Effect of oral rehydration solution versus spring water intake during exercise in the heat on Muscle Cramp susceptibility of young men
2020Co-Authors: Yin Lau, Haruyasu Kato, Kazunori NosakaAbstract:Abstract Background: Muscle Cramp is a painful, involuntary Muscle contraction, and occurs during or following exercise, which is referred to as exercise-associated Muscle Cramp (EAMC). The causes of EAMC are likely to be multifactorial, but dehydration and electrolytes deficits have been considered to be factors. This study tested the hypothesis that post-exercise Muscle Cramp susceptibility would be increased with spring water ingestion, but reduced with oral rehydration solution (ORS) ingestion during exercise. Methods: Ten men performed downhill running (DHR) in the heat (35–36°C) for 40–60 min to reduce 1.5–2% of their body mass in two conditions (spring water vs ORS) in a cross-over design. The body mass was measured at 20 min and every 10 min thereafter during DHR, and 30 min post-DHR. The participants ingested either spring water or ORS for the body mass loss in each period. The two conditions were counter-balanced among the participants and separated by a week. Calf Muscle Cramp susceptibility was assessed by a threshold frequency (TF) of an electrical train stimulation to induce Cramp before, immediately after, 30 and 65 min post-DHR. Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 65 min after DHR to measure serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and chroride concentrations, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum osmolarity. Changes in these varaibles over time were compared between conditions by two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance. Results: The average (±SD) baseline TF (25.6 ± 0.7 Hz) was the same between conditions. TF decreased by 3.8 ± 2.7 to 4.5 ± 1.7 Hz from immediately to 65 min post-DHR for the spring water condition, but increased by 6.5 ± 4.9 to 13.6 ± 6.0 Hz in the same time period for the ORS condition (P<0.05). Hct and Hb did not change significantly (P>0.05) for both conditions, but osmolarity decreased (P<0.05) only for the spring water condition. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations decreased (<2%) at immediately post-DHR for the spring water condition only (P<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that ORS intake during exercise decreased Muscle Cramp susceptibility. It was concluded that ingesting ORS appeared to be effective for preventing EAMC.
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Water intake after dehydration makes Muscles more susceptible to Cramp but electrolytes reverse that effect.
BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Yin Lau, Haruyasu Kato, Kazunori NosakaAbstract:Objective No previous study has compared water and oral rehydration solution (ORS) intake after dehydration induced by exercise in the heat for the effect on Muscle Cramps. The present study tested the hypothesis that water ingestion after dehydration would increase Muscle Cramp susceptibility, but this would be prevented by ORS ingestion. Methods Ten men performed two bouts of downhill running (DHR; −5%) in the heat (35°C–36 °C) until their body mass was reduced by 2%. Ten minutes after DHR, either spring water or electrolyte water similar to ORS (OS-1®) was ingested in a counter-balanced order on two different days separated by a week. Muscle Cramp susceptibility was assessed by a threshold frequency (TF) of electrical train stimulation to induce Cramp before, immediately after (0), and 30 and 60 min after the ingestion. Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 80 min after DHR to measure serum electrolyte concentrations. Results Muscle Cramp susceptibility assessed by TF did not change from baseline to immediately after DHR for both conditions (water: 24.6 ± 2.1 Hz, OS-1®: 24.7 ± 1.4 Hz). TF decreased after water intake by 4.3 Hz (30 min) and 5.1 Hz (60 min post-ingestion), but increased after OS-1® intake by 3.7 and 5.4 Hz, respectively. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations decreased after water intake but maintained after OS-1® intake. Conclusion These results suggest that water intake after dehydration makes Muscles more susceptible to electrical simulation-induced Muscle Cramp, probably due to dilution of electrolytes, and when OS-1® is consumed, the susceptibility to Muscle Cramp decreases.
Wing Yin Lau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of oral rehydration solution versus spring water intake during exercise in the heat on Muscle Cramp susceptibility of young men.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021Co-Authors: Wing Yin Lau, Haruyasu Kato, Kazunori NosakaAbstract:Muscle Cramp is a painful, involuntary Muscle contraction, and that occurs during or following exercise is referred to as exercise-associated Muscle Cramp (EAMC). The causes of EAMC are likely to be multifactorial, but dehydration and electrolytes deficits are considered to be factors. This study tested the hypothesis that post-exercise Muscle Cramp susceptibility would be increased with spring water ingestion, but reduced with oral rehydration solution (ORS) ingestion during exercise. Ten men performed downhill running (DHR) in the heat (35-36 °C) for 40-60 min to reduce 1.5-2% of their body mass in two conditions (spring water vs ORS) in a cross-over design. The body mass was measured at 20 min and every 10 min thereafter during DHR, and 30 min post-DHR. The participants ingested either spring water or ORS for the body mass loss in each period. The two conditions were counter-balanced among the participants and separated by a week. Calf Muscle Cramp susceptibility was assessed by a threshold frequency (TF) of an electrical train stimulation to induce Cramp before, immediately after, 30 and 65 min post-DHR. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 65 min after DHR to measure serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and chroride concentrations, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum osmolarity. Changes in these varaibles over time were compared between conditions by two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance. The average (±SD) baseline TF (25.6 ± 0.7 Hz) was the same between conditions. TF decreased 3.8 ± 2.7 to 4.5 ± 1.7 Hz from the baseline value immediately to 65 min post-DHR for the spring water condition, but increased 6.5 ± 4.9 to 13.6 ± 6.0 Hz in the same time period for the ORS condition (P < 0.05). Hct and Hb did not change significantly (P > 0.05) for both conditions, but osmolarity decreased (P < 0.05) only for the spring water condition. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations decreased (< 2%) at immediately post-DHR for the spring water condition only (P < 0.05). These results suggest that ORS intake during exercise decreased Muscle Cramp susceptibility. It was concluded that ingesting ORS appeared to be effective for preventing EAMC.
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effect of oral rehydration solution versus spring water intake during exercise in the heat on Muscle Cramp susceptibility of young men
Journal of The International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021Co-Authors: Wing Yin Lau, Haruyasu Kato, Kazunori NosakaAbstract:BACKGROUND Muscle Cramp is a painful, involuntary Muscle contraction, and that occurs during or following exercise is referred to as exercise-associated Muscle Cramp (EAMC). The causes of EAMC are likely to be multifactorial, but dehydration and electrolytes deficits are considered to be factors. This study tested the hypothesis that post-exercise Muscle Cramp susceptibility would be increased with spring water ingestion, but reduced with oral rehydration solution (ORS) ingestion during exercise. METHODS Ten men performed downhill running (DHR) in the heat (35-36 °C) for 40-60 min to reduce 1.5-2% of their body mass in two conditions (spring water vs ORS) in a cross-over design. The body mass was measured at 20 min and every 10 min thereafter during DHR, and 30 min post-DHR. The participants ingested either spring water or ORS for the body mass loss in each period. The two conditions were counter-balanced among the participants and separated by a week. Calf Muscle Cramp susceptibility was assessed by a threshold frequency (TF) of an electrical train stimulation to induce Cramp before, immediately after, 30 and 65 min post-DHR. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 65 min after DHR to measure serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and chroride concentrations, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum osmolarity. Changes in these varaibles over time were compared between conditions by two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance. RESULTS The average (±SD) baseline TF (25.6 ± 0.7 Hz) was the same between conditions. TF decreased 3.8 ± 2.7 to 4.5 ± 1.7 Hz from the baseline value immediately to 65 min post-DHR for the spring water condition, but increased 6.5 ± 4.9 to 13.6 ± 6.0 Hz in the same time period for the ORS condition (P 0.05) for both conditions, but osmolarity decreased (P < 0.05) only for the spring water condition. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations decreased (< 2%) at immediately post-DHR for the spring water condition only (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ORS intake during exercise decreased Muscle Cramp susceptibility. It was concluded that ingesting ORS appeared to be effective for preventing EAMC.
Haruyasu Kato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of oral rehydration solution versus spring water intake during exercise in the heat on Muscle Cramp susceptibility of young men.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021Co-Authors: Wing Yin Lau, Haruyasu Kato, Kazunori NosakaAbstract:Muscle Cramp is a painful, involuntary Muscle contraction, and that occurs during or following exercise is referred to as exercise-associated Muscle Cramp (EAMC). The causes of EAMC are likely to be multifactorial, but dehydration and electrolytes deficits are considered to be factors. This study tested the hypothesis that post-exercise Muscle Cramp susceptibility would be increased with spring water ingestion, but reduced with oral rehydration solution (ORS) ingestion during exercise. Ten men performed downhill running (DHR) in the heat (35-36 °C) for 40-60 min to reduce 1.5-2% of their body mass in two conditions (spring water vs ORS) in a cross-over design. The body mass was measured at 20 min and every 10 min thereafter during DHR, and 30 min post-DHR. The participants ingested either spring water or ORS for the body mass loss in each period. The two conditions were counter-balanced among the participants and separated by a week. Calf Muscle Cramp susceptibility was assessed by a threshold frequency (TF) of an electrical train stimulation to induce Cramp before, immediately after, 30 and 65 min post-DHR. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 65 min after DHR to measure serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and chroride concentrations, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum osmolarity. Changes in these varaibles over time were compared between conditions by two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance. The average (±SD) baseline TF (25.6 ± 0.7 Hz) was the same between conditions. TF decreased 3.8 ± 2.7 to 4.5 ± 1.7 Hz from the baseline value immediately to 65 min post-DHR for the spring water condition, but increased 6.5 ± 4.9 to 13.6 ± 6.0 Hz in the same time period for the ORS condition (P < 0.05). Hct and Hb did not change significantly (P > 0.05) for both conditions, but osmolarity decreased (P < 0.05) only for the spring water condition. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations decreased (< 2%) at immediately post-DHR for the spring water condition only (P < 0.05). These results suggest that ORS intake during exercise decreased Muscle Cramp susceptibility. It was concluded that ingesting ORS appeared to be effective for preventing EAMC.
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effect of oral rehydration solution versus spring water intake during exercise in the heat on Muscle Cramp susceptibility of young men
Journal of The International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021Co-Authors: Wing Yin Lau, Haruyasu Kato, Kazunori NosakaAbstract:BACKGROUND Muscle Cramp is a painful, involuntary Muscle contraction, and that occurs during or following exercise is referred to as exercise-associated Muscle Cramp (EAMC). The causes of EAMC are likely to be multifactorial, but dehydration and electrolytes deficits are considered to be factors. This study tested the hypothesis that post-exercise Muscle Cramp susceptibility would be increased with spring water ingestion, but reduced with oral rehydration solution (ORS) ingestion during exercise. METHODS Ten men performed downhill running (DHR) in the heat (35-36 °C) for 40-60 min to reduce 1.5-2% of their body mass in two conditions (spring water vs ORS) in a cross-over design. The body mass was measured at 20 min and every 10 min thereafter during DHR, and 30 min post-DHR. The participants ingested either spring water or ORS for the body mass loss in each period. The two conditions were counter-balanced among the participants and separated by a week. Calf Muscle Cramp susceptibility was assessed by a threshold frequency (TF) of an electrical train stimulation to induce Cramp before, immediately after, 30 and 65 min post-DHR. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 65 min after DHR to measure serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and chroride concentrations, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum osmolarity. Changes in these varaibles over time were compared between conditions by two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance. RESULTS The average (±SD) baseline TF (25.6 ± 0.7 Hz) was the same between conditions. TF decreased 3.8 ± 2.7 to 4.5 ± 1.7 Hz from the baseline value immediately to 65 min post-DHR for the spring water condition, but increased 6.5 ± 4.9 to 13.6 ± 6.0 Hz in the same time period for the ORS condition (P 0.05) for both conditions, but osmolarity decreased (P < 0.05) only for the spring water condition. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations decreased (< 2%) at immediately post-DHR for the spring water condition only (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ORS intake during exercise decreased Muscle Cramp susceptibility. It was concluded that ingesting ORS appeared to be effective for preventing EAMC.
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Effect of oral rehydration solution versus spring water intake during exercise in the heat on Muscle Cramp susceptibility of young men
2020Co-Authors: Yin Lau, Haruyasu Kato, Kazunori NosakaAbstract:Abstract Background: Muscle Cramp is a painful, involuntary Muscle contraction, and occurs during or following exercise, which is referred to as exercise-associated Muscle Cramp (EAMC). The causes of EAMC are likely to be multifactorial, but dehydration and electrolytes deficits have been considered to be factors. This study tested the hypothesis that post-exercise Muscle Cramp susceptibility would be increased with spring water ingestion, but reduced with oral rehydration solution (ORS) ingestion during exercise. Methods: Ten men performed downhill running (DHR) in the heat (35–36°C) for 40–60 min to reduce 1.5–2% of their body mass in two conditions (spring water vs ORS) in a cross-over design. The body mass was measured at 20 min and every 10 min thereafter during DHR, and 30 min post-DHR. The participants ingested either spring water or ORS for the body mass loss in each period. The two conditions were counter-balanced among the participants and separated by a week. Calf Muscle Cramp susceptibility was assessed by a threshold frequency (TF) of an electrical train stimulation to induce Cramp before, immediately after, 30 and 65 min post-DHR. Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 65 min after DHR to measure serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and chroride concentrations, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum osmolarity. Changes in these varaibles over time were compared between conditions by two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance. Results: The average (±SD) baseline TF (25.6 ± 0.7 Hz) was the same between conditions. TF decreased by 3.8 ± 2.7 to 4.5 ± 1.7 Hz from immediately to 65 min post-DHR for the spring water condition, but increased by 6.5 ± 4.9 to 13.6 ± 6.0 Hz in the same time period for the ORS condition (P<0.05). Hct and Hb did not change significantly (P>0.05) for both conditions, but osmolarity decreased (P<0.05) only for the spring water condition. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations decreased (<2%) at immediately post-DHR for the spring water condition only (P<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that ORS intake during exercise decreased Muscle Cramp susceptibility. It was concluded that ingesting ORS appeared to be effective for preventing EAMC.
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Water intake after dehydration makes Muscles more susceptible to Cramp but electrolytes reverse that effect.
BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Yin Lau, Haruyasu Kato, Kazunori NosakaAbstract:Objective No previous study has compared water and oral rehydration solution (ORS) intake after dehydration induced by exercise in the heat for the effect on Muscle Cramps. The present study tested the hypothesis that water ingestion after dehydration would increase Muscle Cramp susceptibility, but this would be prevented by ORS ingestion. Methods Ten men performed two bouts of downhill running (DHR; −5%) in the heat (35°C–36 °C) until their body mass was reduced by 2%. Ten minutes after DHR, either spring water or electrolyte water similar to ORS (OS-1®) was ingested in a counter-balanced order on two different days separated by a week. Muscle Cramp susceptibility was assessed by a threshold frequency (TF) of electrical train stimulation to induce Cramp before, immediately after (0), and 30 and 60 min after the ingestion. Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 80 min after DHR to measure serum electrolyte concentrations. Results Muscle Cramp susceptibility assessed by TF did not change from baseline to immediately after DHR for both conditions (water: 24.6 ± 2.1 Hz, OS-1®: 24.7 ± 1.4 Hz). TF decreased after water intake by 4.3 Hz (30 min) and 5.1 Hz (60 min post-ingestion), but increased after OS-1® intake by 3.7 and 5.4 Hz, respectively. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations decreased after water intake but maintained after OS-1® intake. Conclusion These results suggest that water intake after dehydration makes Muscles more susceptible to electrical simulation-induced Muscle Cramp, probably due to dilution of electrolytes, and when OS-1® is consumed, the susceptibility to Muscle Cramp decreases.
Kevin C Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Muscle Cramp susceptibility increases following a volitionally induced Muscle Cramp.
Muscle & nerve, 2017Co-Authors: Kevin C Miller, Blaine C. Long, Jeffrey E. EdwardsAbstract:Introduction: Muscle Cramping may increase peripheral nervous system excitability. It is unknown if, and how long, Cramp susceptibility is affected by previous Cramping. We tested whether volitionally-induced Muscle Cramps (VIMC) lowered Cramp threshold frequency (TFc) and how long TFc was affected post-VIMC. Methods: Fifteen Cramp-prone participants volitionally-induced a flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) Cramp on 4 separate days. FHB TFc was measured before VIMC (i.e., baseline) and 5, 30, and 60 minutes post-VIMC. VIMC electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, VIMC duration, and perceived VIMC intensity were measured to ensure consistency of VIMC between days. Results: VIMC EMG amplitude, duration, and perceived intensity were similar between days (P>0.05). VIMC lowered TFc; baseline TFc (18±6 Hz) was higher than 5-minute (14±6 Hz), 30-minute (14±5 Hz), and 60-minute TFc (14±5 Hz, P
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Muscle Cramp susceptibility increases following a volitionally induced Muscle Cramp
Muscle & Nerve, 2017Co-Authors: Kevin C Miller, Blaine C. Long, Jeffrey E. EdwardsAbstract:Introduction: Muscle Cramping may increase peripheral nervous system excitability. It is unknown if, and how long, Cramp susceptibility is affected by previous Cramping. We tested whether volitionally-induced Muscle Cramps (VIMC) lowered Cramp threshold frequency (TFc) and how long TFc was affected post-VIMC. Methods: Fifteen Cramp-prone participants volitionally-induced a flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) Cramp on 4 separate days. FHB TFc was measured before VIMC (i.e., baseline) and 5, 30, and 60 minutes post-VIMC. VIMC electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, VIMC duration, and perceived VIMC intensity were measured to ensure consistency of VIMC between days. Results: VIMC EMG amplitude, duration, and perceived intensity were similar between days (P>0.05). VIMC lowered TFc; baseline TFc (18±6 Hz) was higher than 5-minute (14±6 Hz), 30-minute (14±5 Hz), and 60-minute TFc (14±5 Hz, P<0.05). Discussion: Acute volitionally-induced Cramps increase Cramp susceptibility. Clinicians should apply treatments for at least 60 minutes post-Cramp to decrease the probability of Cramp recurrence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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golgi tendon organ reflex inhibition following manually applied acute static stretching
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Kevin C Miller, John A BurneAbstract:AbstractGolgi tendon organ disinhibition may contribute to exercise-associated Muscle Cramp (henceforth referred to as “Cramps”) genesis. Static stretching pre-exercise is prescribed to prevent Cramps based on the assumption golgi tendon organ inhibition remains elevated post-stretching. We determined whether stretching increased gastrocnemius golgi tendon organ inhibition and, if so, the time course of this inhibition post-stretching. Twelve participants’ dominant limb medial gastrocnemius inhibition was measured before, and at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 30 min after investigators applied three, 1-min duration stretches. Participants maintained voluntary contraction intensities of 5% of their maximum while the Achilles tendon was stimulated transcutaneously 50 times. Five-hundred millisecond epochs of raw electromyographic activity were band-pass filtered, full-wave rectified and averaged. An algorithm identified inhibitory points and calculated the area, maximum and duration of inhibition. Area of inhibition (F1,...
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significant and serious dehydration does not affect skeletal Muscle Cramp threshold frequency
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Kyle W Braulick, Kevin C Miller, Jay M Albrecht, Jared M Tucker, James E DealAbstract:Objective Many clinicians believe that exercise-associated Muscle Cramps (EAMC) occur because of dehydration. Experimental research supporting this theory is lacking. Mild hypohydration (3% body mass loss) does not alter threshold frequency (TF), a measure of Cramp susceptibility, when fatigue and exercise intensity are controlled. No experimental research has examined TF following significant (3–5% body mass loss) or serious hypohydration (>5% body mass loss). Determine if significant or serious hypohydration, with moderate electrolyte losses, decreases TF. Design A prepost experimental design was used. Dominant limb flexor hallucis brevis Cramp TF, Cramp electromyography (EMG) amplitude and Cramp intensity were measured in 10 euhydrated, unacclimated men (age=24±4 years, height=184.2±4.8 cm, mass=84.8±11.4 kg). Subjects alternated exercising with their non-dominant limb or upper body on a cycle ergometer every 15 min at a moderate intensity until 5% body mass loss or volitional exhaustion (3.8±0.8 h; 39.1±1.5°C; humidity 18.4±3%). Cramp variables were reassessed posthypohydration. Results Subjects were well hydrated at the study9s onset (urine specific gravity=1.005±0.002). They lost 4.7±0.5% of their body mass (3.9±0.5 litres of fluid), 4.0±1.5 g of Na + and 0.6±0.1 g K + via exercise-induced sweating. Significant (n=5) or serious hypohydration (n=5) did not alter Cramp TF (euhydrated=15±5 Hz, hypohydrated=13±6 Hz; F 1,9 =3.0, p=0.12), Cramp intensity (euhydrated= 94.2±41%, hypohydrated=115.9±73%; F 1,9 =1.9, p=0.2) or Cramp EMG amplitude (euhydrated=0.18±0.06 µV, hypohydrated= 0.18±0.09 µV; F 1,9 =0.1, p=0.79). Conclusions Significant and serious hypohydration with moderate electrolyte losses does not alter Cramp susceptibility when fatigue and exercise intensity are controlled. Neuromuscular control may be more important in the onset of Muscle Cramps than dehydration or electrolyte losses.
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Duration of electrically induced Muscle Cramp increased by increasing stimulation frequency.
Journal of sport rehabilitation, 2011Co-Authors: Kevin C Miller, Kenneth L. Knight, Steven R. Wilding, Marcus B. StoneAbstract:Context: Electrically induced Muscle Cramps (EIMC) do not last long enough to study many Cramp treatments. Increasing stimulation frequency lengthens Cramp duration; it is unknown which frequency elicits the longest EIMC. Objective: To determine which stimulation frequency elicits the longest EIMC and whether Cramp duration and stimulation frequency are correlated. Design: Randomized, crossover. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: 20 participants (12 male, 8 female; age 20.7 ± 0.6 y; height 174.9 ± 1.9 cm; mass 76.6 ± 2.2 kg) with a self-reported history of Muscle Cramps in their lower extremities within the 6 mo before the study. Interventions: The dominant leg’s tibial nerve was percutaneously stimulated with 2-s-duration electrical stimuli trains starting at a frequency of 4 Hz. After 1 min of rest, stimulation frequency increased in 2-Hz increments until a Cramp occurred in the flexor hallucis brevis. The stimulation frequency at which a Cramp occurred was termed Cramp threshold frequency (TF). Cramp d...
Jeffrey E. Edwards - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Muscle Cramp susceptibility increases following a volitionally induced Muscle Cramp.
Muscle & nerve, 2017Co-Authors: Kevin C Miller, Blaine C. Long, Jeffrey E. EdwardsAbstract:Introduction: Muscle Cramping may increase peripheral nervous system excitability. It is unknown if, and how long, Cramp susceptibility is affected by previous Cramping. We tested whether volitionally-induced Muscle Cramps (VIMC) lowered Cramp threshold frequency (TFc) and how long TFc was affected post-VIMC. Methods: Fifteen Cramp-prone participants volitionally-induced a flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) Cramp on 4 separate days. FHB TFc was measured before VIMC (i.e., baseline) and 5, 30, and 60 minutes post-VIMC. VIMC electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, VIMC duration, and perceived VIMC intensity were measured to ensure consistency of VIMC between days. Results: VIMC EMG amplitude, duration, and perceived intensity were similar between days (P>0.05). VIMC lowered TFc; baseline TFc (18±6 Hz) was higher than 5-minute (14±6 Hz), 30-minute (14±5 Hz), and 60-minute TFc (14±5 Hz, P
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Muscle Cramp susceptibility increases following a volitionally induced Muscle Cramp
Muscle & Nerve, 2017Co-Authors: Kevin C Miller, Blaine C. Long, Jeffrey E. EdwardsAbstract:Introduction: Muscle Cramping may increase peripheral nervous system excitability. It is unknown if, and how long, Cramp susceptibility is affected by previous Cramping. We tested whether volitionally-induced Muscle Cramps (VIMC) lowered Cramp threshold frequency (TFc) and how long TFc was affected post-VIMC. Methods: Fifteen Cramp-prone participants volitionally-induced a flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) Cramp on 4 separate days. FHB TFc was measured before VIMC (i.e., baseline) and 5, 30, and 60 minutes post-VIMC. VIMC electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, VIMC duration, and perceived VIMC intensity were measured to ensure consistency of VIMC between days. Results: VIMC EMG amplitude, duration, and perceived intensity were similar between days (P>0.05). VIMC lowered TFc; baseline TFc (18±6 Hz) was higher than 5-minute (14±6 Hz), 30-minute (14±5 Hz), and 60-minute TFc (14±5 Hz, P<0.05). Discussion: Acute volitionally-induced Cramps increase Cramp susceptibility. Clinicians should apply treatments for at least 60 minutes post-Cramp to decrease the probability of Cramp recurrence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Threshold frequency of an electrically induced Cramp increases following a repeated, localized fatiguing exercise.
Journal of sports sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Marcus B. Stone, Jeffrey E. Edwards, Kellie C. Huxel, Mitchell L. Cordova, Christopher D. Ingersoll, J. Patrick BabingtonAbstract:Though clinical observations and laboratory data provide some support for the neuromuscular imbalance theory of the genesis of exercise-associated Muscle Cramps, no direct evidence has been published. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of local Muscle fatigue on the threshold frequency of an electrically induced Muscle Cramp. To determine baseline threshold frequency, a Cramp was electrically induced in the flexor hallucis brevis of 16 apparently healthy participants (7 males, 9 females; age 25.1 +/- 4.8 years). The testing order of control and fatigue conditions was counterbalanced. In the control condition, participants rested in a supine position for 30 min followed by another Cramp induction to determine post-threshold frequency. In the fatigue condition, participants performed five bouts of great toe curls at 60% one-repetition maximum to failure with 1 min rest between bouts followed immediately by a post-threshold frequency measurement. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and simple main effects testing showed post-fatigue threshold frequency (32.9 +/- 11.7 Hz) was greater (P < 0.001) than pre-fatigue threshold frequency (20.0 +/- 7.7 Hz). An increase in threshold frequency seems to demonstrate a decrease in one's propensity to Cramp following the fatigue exercise regimen used. These results contradict the proposed theory that suggests Cramp propensity should increase following fatigue. However, differences in laboratory versus clinical fatiguing exercise and contributions from other sources, as well as the notion of a graded response to fatiguing exercise, on exercise-associated Muscle Cramp and electrically induced Muscle Cramp should be considered.
