The Experts below are selected from a list of 159735 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eric N Olson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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myocardin related transcription factors are required for skeletal Muscle Development
Development, 2016Co-Authors: Bercin Kutluk Cenik, Beibei Chen, Svetlana Bezprozvannaya, Eric N Olson, Rhonda BasseldubyAbstract:Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) play a central role in the regulation of actin expression and cytoskeletal dynamics. Stimuli that promote actin polymerization allow for shuttling of MRTFs to the nucleus where they activate serum response factor (SRF), a regulator of actin and other cytoskeletal protein genes. SRF is an essential regulator of skeletal Muscle differentiation and numerous components of the Muscle sarcomere, but the potential involvement of MRTFs in skeletal Muscle Development has not been examined. We explored the role of MRTFs in Muscle Development in vivo by generating mutant mice harboring a skeletal Muscle-specific deletion of MRTF-B and a global deletion of MRTF-A. These double knockout (dKO) mice were able to form sarcomeres during embryogenesis. However, the sarcomeres were abnormally small and disorganized, causing skeletal Muscle hypoplasia and perinatal lethality. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated dramatic dysregulation of actin genes in MRTF dKO mice, highlighting the importance of MRTFs in actin cycling and myofibrillogenesis. MRTFs were also shown to be necessary for the survival of skeletal myoblasts and for the efficient formation of intact myotubes. Our findings reveal a central role for MRTFs in sarcomere formation during skeletal Muscle Development and point to the potential involvement of these transcriptional co-activators in skeletal myopathies.
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MicroRNA control of Muscle Development and disease
Current opinion in cell biology, 2009Co-Authors: Andrew H. Williams, Ning Liu, Eva Van Rooij, Eric N OlsonAbstract:Cardiac and skeletal Muscle Development are controlled by evolutionarily conserved networks of transcription factors that coordinate the expression of genes involved in Muscle growth, morphogenesis, differentiation, and contractility. In addition to regulating the expression of protein-coding genes, recent studies have revealed that myogenic transcription factors control the expression of a collection of microRNAs, which act through multiple mechanisms to modulate Muscle Development and function. In some cases, microRNAs fine-tune the expression of target mRNAs, whereas in other cases they function as 'on-off' switches. MicroRNA control of gene expression appears to be especially important during cardiovascular and skeletal Muscle diseases, in which microRNAs participate in stress-dependent remodeling of striated Muscle tissues. We review findings that point to the importance of microRNA-mediated control of gene expression during Muscle Development and disease, and consider the potential of microRNAs as therapeutic targets.
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defining the regulatory networks for Muscle Development
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 1996Co-Authors: Jeffery D Molkentin, Eric N OlsonAbstract:The formation of skeletal Muscle during vertebrate embryogenesis requires commitment of mesodermal precursor cells to the skeletal Muscle lineage, withdrawal of myoblasts from the cell cycle, and transcriptional activation of dozens of Muscle structural genes. The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factors - MyoD, myogenin, Myf5, and MRF4 - act at multiple points in the myogenic lineage to establish myoblast identity and to control terminal differentiation. Recent studies have begun to define the inductive mechanisms that regulate myogenic bHLH gene expression and Muscle cell determination in the embryo. Myogenic bHLH factors interact with components of the cell cycle machinery to control withdrawal from the cell cycle and act combinatorially with other transcription factors to induce skeletal Muscle transcription. Elucidation of these aspects of the myogenic program is leading to a detailed understanding of the regulatory circuits controlling Muscle Development.
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Muscle Development and Differentiation
Principles of Molecular Medicine, 1Co-Authors: Eric N OlsonAbstract:Skeletal Muscle is formed through the differentiation and fusion of myoblasts into a multinucleated syncytium. Advances in molecular biology techniques and the generation of transgenic mouse models have contributed to the identification of the molecular pathways involved in skeletal Muscle growth and differentiation. During embryogenesis, the specification and Development of the myogenic lineage is determined by the spatiotemporal expression of a family of Muscle-specific transcription factors. Understanding the molecular mechanism controlling skeletal Muscle Development may lead to new insights into therapeutic strategies that may alleviate some of the pathological conditions associated with muscular diseases.
Zhong-lin Tang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The untold story between enhancers and skeletal Muscle Development
Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2020Co-Authors: Yong-sheng Zhang, Yu-wen Liu, Zhong-lin TangAbstract:Abstract Currently, enhancers have key transcriptional regulatory roles in Muscle Development. Skeletal Muscle formation involves various molecules, and in animals, enhancers are one of the main types of transcriptional regulatory regions that are of great importance to regulate myogenic gene expression. In Muscle Development, enhancers can generate enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) that are involved in the regulation of gene transcription. The regulation of gene expression by eRNAs offers great potential in improving animal production traits. Herein we comprehensively review the roles of enhancers in Muscle formation and its potential function in skeletal Muscle Development. This review will describe the future application of enhancers in skeletal Muscle Development and discuss the prospects that enhancer studies offer for agriculture, biotechnology, and animal breeding.
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Longitudinal epi-transcriptome profiling reveals the crucial role of m6A in prenatal skeletal Muscle Development of pigs
2019Co-Authors: Xinxin Zhang, Zhong-lin Tang, Yilong Yao, Jinghua Han, Yalan Yang, Yun Chen, Fei GaoAbstract:Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant RNA modification and essentially participates in the regulation of skeletal Muscle Development. However, the status and function of m6A in prenatal myogenesis remains unclear now. Results: In our present study, we first demonstrated that chemical suppression of m6A and knockdown METTL14 inhibited the differentiation and promoted the proliferation of C2C12 myoblast cells. The mRNA expression of m6A reader protein IGF2BP1, which functions to promote the stability of target mRNA, continually decreases during the prenatal skeletal Muscle Development. Thereafter, profiling transcriptome-wide m6A for six Developmental stage of prenatal skeletal Muscle, which spanning two important waves of pig myogenesis, were performed using a refined MeRIP sequencing technology that is optimal for small-amount of RNA samples. Highly dynamic m6A methylomes across different Development stages were then revealed, with majority of the affected genes enriched in pathways of skeletal Muscle Development. In association with the transcriptome-wide alterations, transcriptional regulatory factors (MyoD) and differentiated markers (MyHC, MYH1) of Muscle Development was simultaneously regulated with m6A and IGF2BP1. Knockdown of IGF2BP1 also suppresses myotube formation and promotes cell proliferation. Conclusions: The present study clarified the dynamics of m6A in the regulation of prenatal skeletal Muscle Development, providing a data baseline for future Developmental as well as biomedical studies of m6A functions in Muscle Development and disease.
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CNN3 is regulated by microRNA-1 during Muscle Development in pigs.
International journal of biological sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Zhong-lin Tang, Ruyi Liang, Shuanping Zhao, Ruiqi Wang, Ruihua HuangAbstract:The calponin 3 (CNN3) gene has important functions involved in skeletal Muscle Development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical role in myogenesis by influencing the mRNA stability or protein translation of target gene. Based on paired microRNA and mRNA profiling in the prenatal skeletal Muscle of pigs, our previous study suggested that CNN3 was differentially expressed and a potential target for miR-1. To further understand the biological function and regulation mechanism of CNN3, we performed co-expression analysis of CNN3 and miR-1 in Developmental skeletal Muscle tissues (16 stages) from Tongcheng (a Chinese domestic breed, obese-type) and Landrace (a Western, lean-type) pigs, respectively. Subsequently, dual luciferase and western blot assays were carried out. During skeletal Muscle Development, we observe a significantly negative expression correlation between the miR-1 and CNN3 at mRNA level. Our dual luciferase and western blot results suggested that the CNN3 gene was regulated by miR-1. We identified four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contained within the CNN3 gene. Association analysis indicated that these CNN3 SNPs are significantly associated with birth weight (BW) and the 21-day weaning weight of the piglets examined. These facts indicate that CNN3 is a candidate gene associated with growth traits and regulated by miR-1 during skeletal Muscle Development in pigs.
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identification of extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecule genes associated with Muscle Development in pigs
DNA and Cell Biology, 2011Co-Authors: Zhong-lin Tang, Ning Wang, Shuanping Zhao, Ruiqi Wang, Lin TanAbstract:Extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell adhesion molecule (CAM) genes are involved in the regulation of skeletal Muscle Development; however, their roles in skeletal Muscle Development in pigs are still poorly understood. 65 days postcopulation (dpc) is a critical time point in pig Development. Therefore, we analyzed expression of ECM and CAM genes in the longissimus dorsi Muscles at 65 dpc from Landrace (lean-type: L65), Tongcheng (obese-type: T65), and Wuzhishan pigs (miniature-type: W65) using microarray technology. A total of 35 genes were differently expressed between the breeds, and of them, 18, 18, and 20 genes, were observed in the comparisons of L65 versus T65, L65 versus W65, and T65 versus W65 (L65/T65, L65/W65, and T65/W65), respectively. In L65/T65, differently expressed genes were widely distributed, whereas in L65/W65 and T65/W65, they mostly focused on the genes encoding CAMs and ECMs proteins. Moreover, the largest number of up-regulated genes involved in skeletal Muscle Development was detec...
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Molecular Characterization of Tob1 in Muscle Development in Pigs
International journal of molecular sciences, 2011Co-Authors: Jing Yuan, Zhong-lin Tang, Ji-yue Cao, Ning WangAbstract:Cell proliferation is an important biological process during myogenesis. Tob1 encoded a member of the Tob/BTG family of anti-proliferative proteins. Our previous LongSAGE (Long Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) analysis suggested that Tob1 was differentially expressed during prenatal skeletal Muscle Development. In this study, we isolated and characterized the swine Tob1 gene. Subsequently, we examined Tob1 chromosome assignment, subcellular localization and dynamic expression profile in prenatal skeletal Muscle (33, 65 and 90 days post-conception, dpc) from Landrace (lean-type) and Tongcheng pigs (obese-type). The Tob1 gene was mapped to pig chromosome 12 (SSC12). The Tob1 protein was distributed throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm of PK15 cells. During prenatal skeletal Muscle Development, Tob1 was up-regulated and highly expressed in skeletal Muscle at 90 dpc in Tongcheng pigs but peaked at 65 dpc in Landrace pigs. This result suggested that there were different proliferation patterns during myogenesis between Tongcheng and Landrace pigs. During postnatal skeletal Muscle Development, the expression of Tob1 increased with aging, indicating that the proliferation potential of myoblasts decreased in postnatal Muscle Development. In tissues of adult wuzhishan miniature pigs, the Tob1 gene was highly expressed in skeletal Muscle. The expression of Tob1 was significantly increased at day 6 during C2C12 differentiation time, suggesting a possible role in skeletal Muscle Development. Therefore, this study indicated that Tob1 perhaps played an important role in skeletal Muscle Development.
Clarissa A. Henry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A need for NAD+ in Muscle Development, homeostasis, and aging
Skeletal Muscle, 2018Co-Authors: Michelle F. Goody, Clarissa A. HenryAbstract:Skeletal Muscle enables posture, breathing, and locomotion. Skeletal Muscle also impacts systemic processes such as metabolism, thermoregulation, and immunity. Skeletal Muscle is energetically expensive and is a major consumer of glucose and fatty acids. Metabolism of fatty acids and glucose requires NAD+ function as a hydrogen/electron transfer molecule. Therefore, NAD+ plays a vital role in energy production. In addition, NAD+ also functions as a cosubstrate for post-translational modifications such as deacetylation and ADP-ribosylation. Therefore, NAD+ levels influence a myriad of cellular processes including mitochondrial biogenesis, transcription, and organization of the extracellular matrix. Clearly, NAD+ is a major player in skeletal Muscle Development, regeneration, aging, and disease. The vast majority of studies indicate that lower NAD+ levels are deleterious for Muscle health and higher NAD+ levels augment Muscle health. However, the downstream mechanisms of NAD+ function throughout different cellular compartments are not well understood. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies investigating NAD+ function in Muscle Development, homeostasis, disease, and regeneration. Emerging research areas include elucidating roles for NAD+ in Muscle lysosome function and calcium mobilization, mechanisms controlling fluctuations in NAD+ levels during Muscle Development and regeneration, and interactions between targets of NAD+ signaling (especially mitochondria and the extracellular matrix). This knowledge should facilitate identification of more precise pharmacological and activity-based interventions to raise NAD+ levels in skeletal Muscle, thereby promoting human health and function in normal and disease states.
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“Muscling” Throughout Life: Integrating Studies of Muscle Development, Homeostasis, and Disease in Zebrafish
Current topics in developmental biology, 2016Co-Authors: Michelle F. Goody, Erin V. Carter, Elisabeth A. Kilroy, Lisa Maves, Clarissa A. HenryAbstract:The proper Development and function of skeletal Muscle is vital for health throughout the lifespan. Skeletal Muscle function enables posture, breathing, and locomotion; and also impacts systemic processes—such as metabolism, thermoregulation, and immunity. Diseases of skeletal Muscle (myopathies, muscular dystrophies) and even some neurological, age-related, and metabolic diseases compromise Muscle function and negatively affect health span and quality of life. There have been numerous, recent examples of studies on skeletal Muscle Development with exciting, therapeutic implications for Muscle diseases. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate model organism well accepted for Developmental biology and biomedical research and thus an ideal system in which to elucidate the translational implications of mechanisms regulating skeletal Muscle Development and homeostasis. Muscle fiber types (slow- vs fast-twitch) are spatially segregated in zebrafish allowing for the opportunity to identify distinct mechanisms regulating fiber type specification during Development as well as observe fiber type-specific effects in zebrafish models of Muscle diseases. Accessible genetics coupled with transparent zebrafish embryos has enabled in vivo cell biology experiments allowing for the visualization and understanding of never-before-seen cellular processes occurring in Muscle Development, regeneration, and disease. In addition, high-throughput drug screening provides a platform for efficient drug discovery. The purpose of this chapter is to review the studies in zebrafish that significantly contributed to our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal Muscle Development, homeostasis, or disease in vertebrates, with a particular emphasis on the basic Developmental biology studies with promising therapeutic implications.
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Hedgehog Signaling and Laminin Play Unique and Synergistic Roles in Muscle Development
Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists, 2010Co-Authors: Matthew T. Peterson, Clarissa A. HenryAbstract:Hedgehog (Hh) signaling and laminin-111, a basement membrane protein, are required for early Muscle Development. Hh signaling specifies different populations of Muscle fibers and laminin-111 is critical for early Muscle morphogenesis. However, additional requirements for Hh signaling and laminin during later phases of Muscle Development are not known. Furthermore, interactions between Hh signaling and laminin in this context are unknown. We used laminin gamma1 mutant zebrafish and cyclopamine to block Hh signal transduction separately and in combination to investigate their functions and interactions. We found that both Hh signaling and laminin are required for normal myosin chain expression. In addition, Hh signaling and laminin act synergistically during fast-twitch fiber elongation: fast Muscle cells do not elongate in embryos deficient for both Hh signaling and laminin. Finally, we present evidence that suggests that Hh signaling is indirectly required via slow fiber specification for recovery of fast fiber elongation in laminin gamma1 mutant embryos.
Bercin Kutluk Cenik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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myocardin related transcription factors are required for skeletal Muscle Development
Development, 2016Co-Authors: Bercin Kutluk Cenik, Beibei Chen, Svetlana Bezprozvannaya, Eric N Olson, Rhonda BasseldubyAbstract:Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) play a central role in the regulation of actin expression and cytoskeletal dynamics. Stimuli that promote actin polymerization allow for shuttling of MRTFs to the nucleus where they activate serum response factor (SRF), a regulator of actin and other cytoskeletal protein genes. SRF is an essential regulator of skeletal Muscle differentiation and numerous components of the Muscle sarcomere, but the potential involvement of MRTFs in skeletal Muscle Development has not been examined. We explored the role of MRTFs in Muscle Development in vivo by generating mutant mice harboring a skeletal Muscle-specific deletion of MRTF-B and a global deletion of MRTF-A. These double knockout (dKO) mice were able to form sarcomeres during embryogenesis. However, the sarcomeres were abnormally small and disorganized, causing skeletal Muscle hypoplasia and perinatal lethality. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated dramatic dysregulation of actin genes in MRTF dKO mice, highlighting the importance of MRTFs in actin cycling and myofibrillogenesis. MRTFs were also shown to be necessary for the survival of skeletal myoblasts and for the efficient formation of intact myotubes. Our findings reveal a central role for MRTFs in sarcomere formation during skeletal Muscle Development and point to the potential involvement of these transcriptional co-activators in skeletal myopathies.
Tizhong Shan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The regulatory role of dietary factors in skeletal Muscle Development, regeneration and function.
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Liyi Wang, Defeng Ling, Yizhen Wang, Tizhong ShanAbstract:Skeletal Muscle plays a crucial role in motor function, respiration, and whole-body energy homeostasis. How to regulate the Development and function of skeletal Muscle has become a hot research topic for improving lifestyle and extending life span. Numerous transcription factors and nutritional factors have been clarified are closely associated with the regulation of skeletal Muscle Development, regeneration and function. In this article, the roles of different dietary factors including green tea, quercetin, curcumin (CUR), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and resveratrol (RES) in regulating skeletal Muscle Development, Muscle mass, Muscle function, and Muscle recovery have been summarized and discussed. We also reviewed the potential regulatory molecular mechanism of these factors. Based on the current findings, dietary factors may be used as a potential therapeutic agent to treat skeletal Muscle dysfunction as well as its related diseases.
