The Experts below are selected from a list of 255 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jürgen Altmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Natural-Science/Technical Peace Research
Information Technology for Peace and Security, 2019Co-Authors: Jürgen AltmannAbstract:The current international system is based on the sovereignty of nation states. Most of them defend their sovereignty with military power. Because technological superiority provides advantages in war, they make great efforts in military Research and development. The consequence is an arms race with reduced warning and decision time, and thus, increased instability. As a way out of this security dilemma, states can reduce military threats through arms control and disarmament with verification of compliance, confidence and security building measures, non-proliferation and export control. Since this is a complex issue requiring (technological) expertise, they need to be supported by natural-science/technical Peace Research. This strand of Research analyses dangers resulting from new military technologies, develops concepts for limitation as well as methods and technical means of verification, and investigates proliferation risks. IT Peace Research is particularly needed to contain the dangers of a cyber arms race as well as to provide better tools for disarmament and verification.
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natural science technical Peace Research
2019Co-Authors: Jürgen AltmannAbstract:The current international system is based on the sovereignty of nation states. Most of them defend their sovereignty with military power. Because technological superiority provides advantages in war, they make great efforts in military Research and development. The consequence is an arms race with reduced warning and decision time, and thus, increased instability. As a way out of this security dilemma, states can reduce military threats through arms control and disarmament with verification of compliance, confidence and security building measures, non-proliferation and export control. Since this is a complex issue requiring (technological) expertise, they need to be supported by natural-science/technical Peace Research. This strand of Research analyses dangers resulting from new military technologies, develops concepts for limitation as well as methods and technical means of verification, and investigates proliferation risks. IT Peace Research is particularly needed to contain the dangers of a cyber arms race as well as to provide better tools for disarmament and verification.
Klaus Boehnke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Status of Psychological Peace Research in East and West Germany in a Time of Change
Political Psychology, 1992Co-Authors: Klaus BoehnkeAbstract:The historic lines of development of psychological Peace Research (PPR) in West and East Germany from the fifties to the present are briefly outlined. In the '50s Peace Research was closely tied to ideology in both German states. From the late '60s to the late '70s these ties loosened. In West Germany Peace Research flourished somewhat, but psychological Peace Research continued to lead a shadowy existence. In East Germany psychological phenomena in politics became of interest, but an autonomous PPR did not yet exist. In the early '80s, activities of the Peace movement sparked PPR in both Germanies. Since unification, PPR in Germany has had two central objectives, namely, the psychological analysis of global crises in general, and the study of enemy images in the framework of psychological conversion Research, but these foci may shift as a result of the Gulf War.
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Political Psychology World-Wide The Status of Psychological Peace Research in East and West Germany in a Time of Change'
1992Co-Authors: Klaus BoehnkeAbstract:The historic lines of development of psychological Peace Research (PPR) in West and East Germany from the fifties to the present are briefly outlined. In the '50s Peace Research was closely tied to ideology in both German states. From the late '60s to the late '70s these ties loosened. In West Germany Peace Research flourished somewhat, but psychological Peace Research continued to lead a shadowy existence. In East Germany psychological phenomena in politics became of interest, but an autonomous PPR did not yet exist. In the early '80s, activities of the Peace movement sparked PPR in both Germanies. Since unification, PPR in Germany has had two central objectives, namely, the psychological analysis of global crises in general, and the study of enemy images in the framework of psychological conversion Research, but these foci may shift as a result of the Gulf War.
Ewan Harrison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The democratic Peace Research program and system-level analysis
Journal of Peace Research, 2010Co-Authors: Ewan HarrisonAbstract:In a path-breaking article, Wade Huntley reinterpreted Kant’s pacific union as a systemic phenomenon. This generated a new wave of inquiry into the evolutionary expansion of the democratic Peace. The resulting literature examines how the effects of the pacific union vary over time and with the strength of the global democratic community. It investigates the possibility that the democratic zone of Peace may spread through spillover effects, socialization dynamics, and positive feedback. In so doing, it has moved democratic Peace Research beyond the ‘separate Peace’ formulation. Currently, however, this literature has accumulated insights on an ad hoc basis. New hypotheses have been developed and tested without systematically considering how these insights contribute to established knowledge about the democratic Peace. This article uses philosophy of science criteria to assess the contributions of the systemic democratic Peace literature. It shows how systemic analysis of the democratic Peace is progressive in terms of Lakatos’s methodology of scientific Research programs. The article first considers how Lakatosian methodology has been applied to dyadic democratic Peace Research. Next, it refines this account of the democratic Peace Research program to make it more suitable for evaluating the contributions of the systemic literature. The last section shows systemic analysis is compatible with the Lakatosian vision of a cumulative series of theories (monadic-dyadic-systemic) building logically from a core assumption. It then uses the established structure of dyadic inquiry to frame a wide-ranging agenda for a second generation of democratic Peace studies.
James S. Page - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Why is Peace Research and education so prominent in Canada
2006Co-Authors: James S. PageAbstract:This essay examines reasons for the prominence of Peace Research and education within Canada in recent years. I suggest five possible reasons: 1) the migration of US war resisters to Canada during the Vietnam War, 2) the impact of the Vietnam War on Canadian thought and culture, 3) the geographical proximity of Canada to one of the superpowers of the Cold War, 4) the commitment of individuals within Canada to establishing Peace Research and education and 5) the importance of government support. The essay concludes with some comparative lessons for the strengthening of Peace Research and education in Australia.
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Professionalising Peace Research in Australia: Some Suggestions for the Future
2005Co-Authors: James S. PageAbstract:This essay advances a number of reasons for the establishment of a professional Peace Research organization in Australia, including 1) promotion of Peace Research in Australia, 2) input into public policy, such as with the Australian National Commission for UNESCO, and 3) the promotion of Peace and social justice in Australian public discourse. A number of possibilities are discussed, although the recommended option in this essay is for the formation of an Australian Council for Peace Research and Education. [This Abstract does not appear in the published article]. Article One of the great Quaker dictums of nonviolence is that Peace advocacy is a matter of speaking truth to power (American Friends Service Committee 1955). Yet one of the difficult issues arising from this dictum is exactly how ought truth be spoken to power. The traditional means that truth speaks to power has been understood as being from a position of vulnerability. In other words, the vulnerability of those who speak is an important element in the transmission of the message of nonviolence. The growth of Peace Research as a normative science within institutions of higher education is an indication that the process of speaking truth to power may, however, involve organisation and incorporation in institutions of power. Put simply, Peace advocacy can be more effective through universities, and through centres dedicated to that purpose. The growth in Peace Research has been global, with UNESCO (2000) listing, at last count some 580 Peace Research and training institutions around the world, and it is arguable that this growth represents a widespread professionalisation of Peace Research. Moreover, an important and related dimension of professionalisation is the formation of professional associations. On a global scale we have the International Peace Research Association (IPRA) and the regional Asia Pacific Peace Research Association (APPRA). It does seem that it is appropriate to consider
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Professionalising Peace Research in Australia: Some Suggestions for the Future
Social alternatives, 2005Co-Authors: James S. PageAbstract:This essay advances a number of reasons for the establishment of a professional Peace Research organization in Australia, including 1) promotion of Peace Research in Australia, 2) input into public policy, such as with the Australian National Commission for UNESCO, and 3) the promotion of Peace and social justice in Australian public discourse. A number of possibilities are discussed, although the recommended option in this essay is for the formation of an Australian Council for Peace Research and Education.
Jameson Lee Ungerer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessing the Progress of the Democratic Peace Research Program
International Studies Review, 2012Co-Authors: Jameson Lee UngererAbstract:Ungerer, Jameson Lee. (2012) Assessing the Progress of the Democratic Peace Research Program. International Studies Review, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2486.2012.01103.x This article analyzes the evolution of the democratic Peace, beginning from the initial observation of a lack of wars and rarity of conflicts between democratic regimes to a number of competing and/or compatible explanations over the causality of the observed Peace. A Lakatosian methodology is applied as a foundation for assessing the progress of the Research program, according to the four traditionally recognized concepts: a hard core; a positive heuristic; a negative heuristic; and the auxiliary hypotheses. Theories are distinguished based on their theoretical and empirical progressiveness, as well as progressive intra-program problem-shifts. Explanations over the active causal process have often been seen as competitors, yet a Lakatosian framework enables seemingly inconsistent hypotheses to be grafted onto an existing Research program, which can be determined to be progressive if they provide increased explanatory power and novel predictions that receive empirical corroboration. By these criteria, the Research on capitalist development and the ongoing democratic Peace Research are not incompatible, provided that further additions to the Research program ascertain the progressive criteria. Furthermore, by highlighting the areas that can best explain and predict the democratic Peace phenomenon, the Lakatosian analysis offers insights for future progression in the field, as well as the areas upon which Research should be focused.
