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Sarah Jovan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Using Epiphytic Lichens to Monitor Nitrogen Deposition Near Natural Gas Drilling Operations in the Wind River Range, WY, USA
Water Air & Soil Pollution, 2013Co-Authors: Jill A. Mcmurray, Dave W. Roberts, Mark E. Fenn, Linda H. Geiser, Sarah JovanAbstract:Rapid expansion of Natural Gas Drilling in Sublette County, WY (1999–present), has raised concerns about the potential ecological effects of enhanced atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to the Wind River Range (WRR) including the Class I Bridger Wilderness. We sampled annual throughfall (TF) N deposition and lichen thalli N concentrations under forest canopies in four different drainages of the WRR. Measurements of TF N deposition and N concentrations in lichen thalli were highest at plots closest to Drilling operations (
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using epiphytic lichens to monitor nitrogen deposition near Natural Gas Drilling operations in the wind river range wy usa
Water Air and Soil Pollution, 2013Co-Authors: Jill A. Mcmurray, Mark E. Fenn, Linda H. Geiser, Dave Roberts, Sarah JovanAbstract:Rapid expansion of Natural Gas Drilling in Sublette County, WY (1999–present), has raised concerns about the potential ecological effects of enhanced atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to the Wind River Range (WRR) including the Class I Bridger Wilderness. We sampled annual throughfall (TF) N deposition and lichen thalli N concentrations under forest canopies in four different drainages of the WRR. Measurements of TF N deposition and N concentrations in lichen thalli were highest at plots closest to Drilling operations (<30 km). N concentrations in lichens decreased exponentially with distance from Drilling activity. Highest TF N deposition, 4.1 kg ha−1 year−1, coincided with clear evidence of damage to lichen thalli. This deposition value is above estimated preindustrial deposition conditions (0.9 kg N ha−1 year−1) and regional critical loads (a deposition value below which ecosystem harm is prevented) of N deposition for sensitive ecosystem components. N concentrations in Usnea lapponica were strongly correlated (r = 0.96) with TF N deposition, demonstrating that elemental analysis of lichen material can be used to estimate TF N deposition. N concentrations below 1.35 % in U. lapponica and 1.12 % in Letharia vulpina were associated with estimated background conditions of 0.9 kg N ha−1 year−1. Additional lichen sampling in the Bridger Wilderness is recommended to further quantify and monitor spatial patterns of N deposition and to define areas of elevated N deposition.
Heather Bonaparte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Understanding exposure from Natural Gas Drilling puts current air standards to the test
Reviews on Environmental Health, 2014Co-Authors: David Brown, Beth Weinberger, Celia Lewis, Heather BonaparteAbstract:Case study descriptions of acute onset of respiratory, neurologic, dermal, vascular, abdominal, and Gastrointestinal sequelae near Natural Gas facilities contrast with a subset of emissions research, which suggests that there is limited risk posed by unconventional Natural Gas development (UNGD). An inspection of the pathophysiological effects of acute toxic actions reveals that current environmental monitoring protocols are incompatible with the goal of protecting the health of those living and working near UNGD activities. The intensity, frequency, and duration of exposures to toxic materials in air and water determine the health risks to individuals within a population. Currently, human health risks near UNGD sites are derived from average population risks without adequate attention to the processes of toxicity to the body. The objective of this paper is to illustrate that current methods of collecting emissions data, as well as the analyses of these data, are not sufficient for accurately assessing risks to individuals or protecting the health of those near UNGD sites. Focusing on air pollution impacts, we examined data from public sources and from the published literature. We compared the methods commonly used to evaluate health safety near UNGD sites with the information that would be reasonably needed to determine plausible outcomes of actual exposures. Such outcomes must be based on the pathophysiological effects of the agents present and the susceptibility of residents near these sites. Our study has several findings. First, current protocols used for assessing compliance with ambient air standards do not adequately determine the intensity, frequency or durations of the actual human exposures to the mixtures of toxic materials released regularly at UNGD sites. Second, the typically used periodic 24-h average measures can underestimate actual exposures by an order of magnitude. Third, reference standards are set in a form that inaccurately determines health risk because they do not fully consider the potential synergistic combinations of toxic air emissions. Finally, air dispersion modeling shows that local weather conditions are strong determinates of individual exposures. Appropriate estimation of safety requires nested protocols that measure real time exposures. New protocols are needed to provide 1) continuous measures of a surrogate compound to show periods of extreme exposure; 2) a continuous screening model based on local weather conditions to warn of periodic high exposures; and 3) comprehensive detection of chemical mixtures using canisters or other devices that capture the major components of the mixtures.
Gail L. Patricelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental Chronic Noise Is Related to Elevated Fecal Corticosteroid Metabolites in Lekking Male Greater Sage- Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus)
PloS one, 2012Co-Authors: Jessica L. Blickley, Karen R. Word, Alan H. Krakauer, Jennifer L. Phillips, Sarah N. Sells, Conor C. Taff, John C. Wingfield, Gail L. PatricelliAbstract:There is increasing evidence that individuals in many species avoid areas exposed to chronic anthropogenic noise, but the impact of noise on those who remain in these habitats is unclear. One potential impact is chronic physiological stress, which can affect disease resistance, survival and reproductive success. Previous studies have found evidence of elevated stress-related hormones (glucocorticoids) in wildlife exposed to human activities, but the impacts of noise alone are difficult to separate from confounding factors. Here we used an experimental playback study to isolate the impacts of noise from industrial activity (Natural Gas Drilling and road noise) on glucocorticoid levels in greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a species of conservation concern. We non-invasively measured immunoreactive corticosterone metabolites from fecal samples (FCMs) of males on both noise-treated and control leks (display grounds) in two breeding seasons. We found strong support for an impact of noise playback on stress levels, with 16.7% higher mean FCM levels in samples from noise leks compared with samples from paired control leks. Taken together with results from a previous study finding declines in male lek attendance in response to noise playbacks, these results suggest that chronic noise pollution can cause greater sage-grouse to avoid otherwise suitable habitat, and can cause elevated stress levels in the birds who remain in noisy areas.
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Experimental Evidence for the Effects of Chronic Anthropogenic Noise on Abundance of Greater Sage‐Grouse at Leks
Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Jessica L. Blickley, Diane Blackwood, Gail L. PatricelliAbstract:Increasing evidence suggests that chronic noise from human activities negatively affects wild animals, but most studies have failed to separate the effects of chronic noise from confounding factors, such as habitat fragmentation. We played back recorded continuous and intermittent anthropogenic sounds associated with Natural Gas Drilling and roads at leks of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). For 3 breeding seasons, we monitored sage grouse abundance at leks with and without noise. Peak male attendance (i.e., abundance) at leks experimentally treated with noise from Natural Gas Drilling and roads decreased 29% and 73%, respectively, relative to paired controls. Decreases in abundance at leks treated with noise occurred in the first year of the study and continued throughout the experiment. Noise playback did not have a cumulative effect over time on peak male attendance. There was limited evidence for an effect of noise playback on peak female attendance at leks or male attendance the year after the experiment ended. Our results suggest that sage-grouse avoid leks with anthropogenic noise and that intermittent noise has a greater effect on attendance than continuous noise. Our results highlight the threat of anthropogenic noise to population viability for this and other sensitive species.
Jessica L. Rich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Drilling Is Just the Beginning: Romanticizing Rust Belt identities in the campaign for shale Gas
Environmental Communication, 2016Co-Authors: Jessica L. RichAbstract:ABSTRACTPublic apprehension over the environmental, social, and health impacts of unconventional Gas Drilling, or fracking, prompts various responses from oil and Gas industries. Natural Gas discourses operating in the Marcellus Shale Region, USA, for example, counter claims of environmental harm by emphasizing the economic growth that industry spurs. This article argues that corporate narratives operating in the Marcellus renew the jobs versus environment dichotomy by romanticizing labor identities in the region, binding Rust Belt identities to extraction in the past, present, and future of the region. The danger of this discursive move is the exclusion of alternative possibilities for working, living, and being without fossil fuel industries. I employ a critical analysis of one corporate advertising campaign, “Drilling Is Just the Beginning,” produced by the Natural Gas Drilling company Range Resources, to demonstrate how extraction discourses construct futures that depend on shale Gas development, ther...
Jill A. Mcmurray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Using Epiphytic Lichens to Monitor Nitrogen Deposition Near Natural Gas Drilling Operations in the Wind River Range, WY, USA
Water Air & Soil Pollution, 2013Co-Authors: Jill A. Mcmurray, Dave W. Roberts, Mark E. Fenn, Linda H. Geiser, Sarah JovanAbstract:Rapid expansion of Natural Gas Drilling in Sublette County, WY (1999–present), has raised concerns about the potential ecological effects of enhanced atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to the Wind River Range (WRR) including the Class I Bridger Wilderness. We sampled annual throughfall (TF) N deposition and lichen thalli N concentrations under forest canopies in four different drainages of the WRR. Measurements of TF N deposition and N concentrations in lichen thalli were highest at plots closest to Drilling operations (
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using epiphytic lichens to monitor nitrogen deposition near Natural Gas Drilling operations in the wind river range wy usa
Water Air and Soil Pollution, 2013Co-Authors: Jill A. Mcmurray, Mark E. Fenn, Linda H. Geiser, Dave Roberts, Sarah JovanAbstract:Rapid expansion of Natural Gas Drilling in Sublette County, WY (1999–present), has raised concerns about the potential ecological effects of enhanced atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to the Wind River Range (WRR) including the Class I Bridger Wilderness. We sampled annual throughfall (TF) N deposition and lichen thalli N concentrations under forest canopies in four different drainages of the WRR. Measurements of TF N deposition and N concentrations in lichen thalli were highest at plots closest to Drilling operations (<30 km). N concentrations in lichens decreased exponentially with distance from Drilling activity. Highest TF N deposition, 4.1 kg ha−1 year−1, coincided with clear evidence of damage to lichen thalli. This deposition value is above estimated preindustrial deposition conditions (0.9 kg N ha−1 year−1) and regional critical loads (a deposition value below which ecosystem harm is prevented) of N deposition for sensitive ecosystem components. N concentrations in Usnea lapponica were strongly correlated (r = 0.96) with TF N deposition, demonstrating that elemental analysis of lichen material can be used to estimate TF N deposition. N concentrations below 1.35 % in U. lapponica and 1.12 % in Letharia vulpina were associated with estimated background conditions of 0.9 kg N ha−1 year−1. Additional lichen sampling in the Bridger Wilderness is recommended to further quantify and monitor spatial patterns of N deposition and to define areas of elevated N deposition.