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Marcello Nicoletti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neem by-products in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases: Biotoxicity of Neem Cake fractions towards the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae)
Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2016Co-Authors: Balamurugan Chandramohan, Kadarkarai Murugan, Pari Madhiyazhagan, Kalimuthu Kovendan, Chellasamy Panneerselvam, Devakumar Dinesh, Palanisamy Mahesh Kumar, Jayapal Subramaniam, Rajapandian Rajaganesh, Marcello NicolettiAbstract:Abstract Objective To evaluate the ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal potential of Neem Cake fractions of different polarity against the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies ( An. culicifacies ). Methods Neem Cake fractions' total methanol extract (NTMeOH), total ethyl acetate extract (NTAcOEt), ethyl acetate fraction after repartition with NTMeOH (NRAcOEt), butanol fraction after repartition with NTMeOH (NRBuOH), and aqueous fraction after repartition of NTMeOH (NRH 2 O) were tested against An. culicifacies eggs, fourth instar larvae and adults. Results In larvicidal experiments, NTMeOH, NTAcOEt, NRAcOEt, NRBuOH and NRH 2 O achieved LC 50 values of 1.32, 1.50, 1.81, 1.95 and 2.54 mg/L, respectively. All fractions tested at 150 mg/L were able to reduce egg hatchability of more than 50%, with the exception of NTAcOEt and NRAcOEt. In adulticidal assays, NTMeOH, NTAcOEt, NRAcOEt, NRBuOH and NRH 2 O achieved LC 50 values of 3.01, 2.95, 3.23, 3.63 and 3.00 mg/L, respectively. Conclusions Overall, this study suggests that the methanolic fractions of Neem Cake may be considered as a new and cheap source of highly effective compounds against the rural malaria vector An. culicifacies .
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2015 Expo. The Neem Cake Project. From By-Product of Industrial Process to Multipurpose Resource for a Sustainable Agriculture Chain
2016Co-Authors: Marcello NicolettiAbstract:The 2015 EXPO (International Exposition, Milan, Italy, May-October 2015) was dedicated to the theme: Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life. The EXPO hosted an International Call on “Best Sustainable Development Practices for Food Security”. The project “Neem Cake: for a Sustainable Agriculture Chain, the Multipurpose By-Product of an Industrial Process” gained a prize as one of the best among the participating projects, in consideration of the innovation and possible results. Main elements of the project, as well as its conceptual foundations, are here presented. The project was an occasion to focus on the utilization of Neem Cake, as an example of application of new plant derived products in agriculture and food production.
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Old ingredients for a new recipe? Neem Cake, a low-cost botanical by-product in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases
Parasitology Research, 2015Co-Authors: Giovanni Benelli, Kadarkarai Murugan, Pari Madhiyazhagan, Chellasamy Panneerselvam, Barbara Conti, Marcello NicolettiAbstract:Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) represent an important threat to millions of people worldwide, since they act as vectors for important pathogens, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue and West Nile. Control programmes mainly rely on chemical treatments against larvae, indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets. In recent years, huge efforts have been carried out to propose new eco-friendly alternatives, with a special focus on the evaluation of plant-borne mosquitocidal compounds. Major examples are Neem-based products ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Meliaceae) that have been proven as really effective against a huge range of pests of medical and veterinary importance, including mosquitoes. Recent research highlighted that Neem Cake, a cheap by-product from Neem oil extraction, is an important source of mosquitocidal metabolites. In this review, we examined (i) the latest achievements about Neem Cake metabolomics with special reference to nor-terpenoid and related content; (ii) the Neem Cake ovicidal, larvicidal and pupicidal toxicity against Aedes , Anopheles and Culex mosquito vectors; (iii) its non-target effects against vertebrates; and (iv) its oviposition deterrence effects on mosquito females. Overall, Neem Cake can be proposed as an eco-friendly and low-cost source of chemicals to build newer and safer control tools against mosquito vectors.
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Shedding light on bioactivity of botanical by-products: Neem Cake compounds deter oviposition of the arbovirus vector Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the field.
Parasitology Research, 2013Co-Authors: Giovanni Benelli, Barbara Conti, Rita Garreffa, Marcello NicolettiAbstract:Industrial plant-borne by-products can be sources of low-cost chemicals, potentially useful to build eco-friendly control strategies against mosquitoes. Neem Cake is a cheap by-product of Neem oil extraction obtained by pressing the seeds of Azadirachta indica. Neem products are widely used as insecticides since rarely induce resistance because their multiple mode of action against insect pests and low-toxicity rates have been detected against vertebrates. In this research, we used field bioassays to assess the effective oviposition repellence of Neem Cake fractions of increasing polarity [n-hexane (A), methanol (B), ethyl acetate (C), n-butanol (D), and aqueous (E) fraction] against Aedes albopictus, currently the most invasive mosquito worldwide. These fractions, already characterized for low nortriterpenoids contents by HPLC analyses, were analyzed for their total content by HPTLC, highlighting striking differences in their chemical composition. Field results showed that B, A, and C tested at 100 ppm exerted higher effective repellence over the control (71.33, 88.59, and 73.49 % of ER, respectively), while E and D did not significantly deter A. albopictus oviposition (17.06 and 22.72 % of ER, respectively). The highest oviposition activity index was achieved by A (−0.82), followed by C (−0.63), and B (−0.62). Lower OAIs were achieved by D (−0.14) and E (−0.09). On the basis of our results, we believe that A, B, and C are very promising as oviposition deterrents against the arbovirus vector A. albopictus since they are proved as rich in active metabolites, cheap, and really effective at low doses.
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larvicidal activities of a Neem Cake fractions on aedes albopictus
Pharmacology on line, 2013Co-Authors: Susanna Mariani, Marcello NicolettiAbstract:There is an urgent need for ecologically sound, equitable and ethical pest management, based on control agents that are pest-specific, nontoxic to humans and other biota, biodegradable, less prone to pest resistance and resurgence and relatively less expensive. The last aspect is fundamental for a large scale use in emerging countries. Among various options concerning botanical bio-pesticides, Neem has been identified as a source of eco-friendly "soft" natural pesticides. We report our results in scientific validation of Neem Cake, a by-product of seed Neem oil production. Neem Cake was selected on the basis of low cost, sustainability, availability of enormous quantities, other uses in agriculture and possible direct utilization. However, the proposal had to face the possibility of different compositions of marketed Neem Cakes and their corresponding activities. Furthermore, Neem Cakes compositions resulted so different from the Neem oil ones to make necessary a re-writing of the chemistry chapter. The last episode of this research is here reported with new data concerning the larvicidal activities of Neem Cake extracts at different compositions.
Kadarkarai Murugan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neem Cake as a promising larvicide and adulticide against the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae): a HPTLC fingerprinting approach
Natural Product Research, 2016Co-Authors: Giovanni Benelli, Kadarkarai Murugan, Balamurugan Chandramohan, Pari Madhiyazhagan, Kalimuthu Kovendan, Chellasamy Panneerselvam, Devakumar Dinesh, Marimuthu Govindarajan, Akon Higuchi, Chiara TonioloAbstract:Mosquitoes are insects of huge public health importance, since they act as vectors for important pathogens and parasites. Here, we focused on the possibility of using the Neem Cake in the fight against mosquito vectors. The Neem Cake chemical composition significantly changes among producers, as evidenced by our HPTLC (High performance thin layer chromatography) analyses of different marketed products. Neem Cake extracts were tested to evaluate the ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal activity against the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies. Ovicidal activity of both types of extracts was statistically significant, and 150 ppm completely inhibited egg hatching. LC50 values were extremely low against fourth instar larvae, ranging from 1.321 (NM1) to 1.818 ppm (NA2). Adulticidal activity was also high, with LC50 ranging from 3.015 (NM1) to 3.637 ppm (NM2). This study pointed out the utility of Neem Cake as a source of eco-friendly mosquitocides in Anopheline vector control programmes.
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Neem by-products in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases: Biotoxicity of Neem Cake fractions towards the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae)
Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2016Co-Authors: Balamurugan Chandramohan, Kadarkarai Murugan, Pari Madhiyazhagan, Kalimuthu Kovendan, Chellasamy Panneerselvam, Devakumar Dinesh, Palanisamy Mahesh Kumar, Jayapal Subramaniam, Rajapandian Rajaganesh, Marcello NicolettiAbstract:Abstract Objective To evaluate the ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal potential of Neem Cake fractions of different polarity against the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies ( An. culicifacies ). Methods Neem Cake fractions' total methanol extract (NTMeOH), total ethyl acetate extract (NTAcOEt), ethyl acetate fraction after repartition with NTMeOH (NRAcOEt), butanol fraction after repartition with NTMeOH (NRBuOH), and aqueous fraction after repartition of NTMeOH (NRH 2 O) were tested against An. culicifacies eggs, fourth instar larvae and adults. Results In larvicidal experiments, NTMeOH, NTAcOEt, NRAcOEt, NRBuOH and NRH 2 O achieved LC 50 values of 1.32, 1.50, 1.81, 1.95 and 2.54 mg/L, respectively. All fractions tested at 150 mg/L were able to reduce egg hatchability of more than 50%, with the exception of NTAcOEt and NRAcOEt. In adulticidal assays, NTMeOH, NTAcOEt, NRAcOEt, NRBuOH and NRH 2 O achieved LC 50 values of 3.01, 2.95, 3.23, 3.63 and 3.00 mg/L, respectively. Conclusions Overall, this study suggests that the methanolic fractions of Neem Cake may be considered as a new and cheap source of highly effective compounds against the rural malaria vector An. culicifacies .
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Characterization and mosquitocidal potential of Neem Cake-synthesized silver nanoparticles: genotoxicity and impact on predation efficiency of mosquito natural enemies
Parasitology Research, 2015Co-Authors: Balamurugan Chandramohan, Kadarkarai Murugan, Pari Madhiyazhagan, Kalimuthu Kovendan, Chellasamy Panneerselvam, Devakumar Dinesh, Ramachandran Chandirasekar, Palanisamy Mahesh Kumar, Udaiyan Suresh, Jayapal SubramaniamAbstract:Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) serve as important vectors for a wide number of parasites and pathogens of huge medical and veterinary importance. Aedes aegypti is a primary dengue vector in tropical and subtropical urban areas. There is an urgent need to develop eco-friendly mosquitocides. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were biosynthesized using Neem Cake, a by-product of the Neem oil extraction from the seed kernels of Azadirachta indica. AgNP were characterized using a variety of biophysical methods, including UV–vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses. Furthermore, the Neem Cake extract and the biosynthesized AgNP were tested for acute toxicity against larvae and pupae of the dengue vector Ae. aegypti. LC50 values achieved by the Neem Cake extract ranged from 106.53 (larva I) to 235.36 ppm (pupa), while AgNP LC50 ranged from 3.969 (larva I) to 8.308 ppm (pupa). In standard laboratory conditions, the predation efficiency of a Carassius auratus per day was 7.9 (larva II) and 5.5 individuals (larva III). Post-treatment with sub-lethal doses of AgNP, the predation efficiency was boosted to 9.2 (larva II) and 8.1 individuals (larva III). The genotoxic effect of AgNP was studied on C. auratus using the comet assay and micronucleus frequency test. DNA damage was evaluated on peripheral erythrocytes sampled at different time intervals from the treatment; experiments showed no significant damages at doses below 12 ppm. Overall, this research pointed out that Neem Cake-fabricated AgNP are easy to produce, stable over time, and can be employed at low dosages to reduce populations of dengue vectors, with moderate detrimental effects on non-target mosquito natural enemies.
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Old ingredients for a new recipe? Neem Cake, a low-cost botanical by-product in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases
Parasitology Research, 2015Co-Authors: Giovanni Benelli, Kadarkarai Murugan, Pari Madhiyazhagan, Chellasamy Panneerselvam, Barbara Conti, Marcello NicolettiAbstract:Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) represent an important threat to millions of people worldwide, since they act as vectors for important pathogens, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue and West Nile. Control programmes mainly rely on chemical treatments against larvae, indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets. In recent years, huge efforts have been carried out to propose new eco-friendly alternatives, with a special focus on the evaluation of plant-borne mosquitocidal compounds. Major examples are Neem-based products ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Meliaceae) that have been proven as really effective against a huge range of pests of medical and veterinary importance, including mosquitoes. Recent research highlighted that Neem Cake, a cheap by-product from Neem oil extraction, is an important source of mosquitocidal metabolites. In this review, we examined (i) the latest achievements about Neem Cake metabolomics with special reference to nor-terpenoid and related content; (ii) the Neem Cake ovicidal, larvicidal and pupicidal toxicity against Aedes , Anopheles and Culex mosquito vectors; (iii) its non-target effects against vertebrates; and (iv) its oviposition deterrence effects on mosquito females. Overall, Neem Cake can be proposed as an eco-friendly and low-cost source of chemicals to build newer and safer control tools against mosquito vectors.
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Neem Cake: chemical composition and larvicidal activity on Asian tiger mosquito
Parasitology Research, 2012Co-Authors: Marcello Nicoletti, Susanna Mariani, Oliviero Maccioni, Tiziana Coccioletti, Kadarkarai MuruganAbstract:New pesticides based on natural products are urgently needed, in consideration of their environmental care and lower collateral effects. Neem oil, the main product obtained from Azadiractha indica A. Juss, commonly known as Neem tree, is mainly used in medical devices, cosmetics and soaps, as well as important insecticide. Manufacturing of Neem oil first includes the collection of the Neem seeds as raw material used for the extraction. Neem Cake is the waste by-product remaining after extraction processes. The quality of the oil, as that of the Cake, strictly depends from the quality of seeds as well as from the type of extraction processes used, which strongly influences the chemical composition of the product. Currently, the different types of commercial Neem Cake on the market are roughly identified as oiled and deoiled Cake, but several other differences can be detected. The differences are relevant and must be determined, to obtain the necessary correlation between chemical constitution and larvicidal activities. Six different batches of Neem Cake, marketed by several Indian and European companies, were analyzed by HPLC and HPTLC, and their fingerprints compared, obtaining information about the different compositions, focusing in particular on nortriterpenes, considered as the main active components of Neem oil. Therefore, the chemical composition of each Cake was connected with the biological activitiy, i.e., the effects of the extracts of the six Neem Cakes were tested on eggs and larvae of Aedes albopictus ( Stegomyia albopicta ) (Diptera: Culicidae), commonly known as Asian tiger mosquito. The results confirmed the previously reported larvicide effects of Neem Cake that, however, can now be related to the chemical composition, in particular with nortriterpenes, allowing in that way to discriminate between the quality of the various marketed products, as potential domestic insecticides.
Irshad Mahmood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sustainable management of root-knot disease of tomato by Neem Cake and Glomus fasciculatum
Cogent food & agriculture, 2015Co-Authors: Rose Rizvi, Geeta Singh, Rizwan Ali Ansari, Sartaj Ali Tiyagi, Safiuddin, Irshad MahmoodAbstract:AbstractA pot experiment was conducted during winter season of 2009–2010 in the department of Botany, AMU, Aligarh, India, to determine the nematicidal potential of organic matter, Neem Cake at third level of dose, and bioagent, Glomus fasciculatum in terms of various growth parameters of tomato, when inoculated individually as well as concomitantly with respect to root-knot development. Neem Cake and G. fasciculatum showed potential for sustainable management while providing nutrient sources for proper plant growth. Disease intensity of root-knot nematode decreased while increasing the doses of Neem Cake along with the G. fasciculatum. Chlorophyll contents have been found to be increased in single and combined application as well. There is a progressive increase in growth parameters raised in soil amended with 10, 20, and 30 g Neem Cake/kg soil and inoculated with G. fasciculatum. Significant improvement in the plant growth was observed when G. fasciculatum and Neem Cake were inoculated simultaneously. N...
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Sustainable management of root-knot disease of tomato by Neem Cake and Glomus fasciculatum
Taylor & Francis Group, 2015Co-Authors: Rose Rizvi, Geeta Singh, Rizwan Ali Ansari, Sartaj Ali Tiyagi, Irshad MahmoodAbstract:A pot experiment was conducted during winter season of 2009–2010 in the department of Botany, AMU, Aligarh, India, to determine the nematicidal potential of organic matter, Neem Cake at third level of dose, and bioagent, Glomus fasciculatum in terms of various growth parameters of tomato, when inoculated individually as well as concomitantly with respect to root-knot development. Neem Cake and G. fasciculatum showed potential for sustainable management while providing nutrient sources for proper plant growth. Disease intensity of root-knot nematode decreased while increasing the doses of Neem Cake along with the G. fasciculatum. Chlorophyll contents have been found to be increased in single and combined application as well. There is a progressive increase in growth parameters raised in soil amended with 10, 20, and 30 g Neem Cake/kg soil and inoculated with G. fasciculatum. Significant improvement in the plant growth was observed when G. fasciculatum and Neem Cake were inoculated simultaneously. Neem Cake plus G. fasciculatum reduced the nematodes’ multiplication and root-galling, and increased the plant growth of tomato as compared to unamended and Meloidogyne incognita-inoculated plants. Mycorrhyzation and agronomic parameters were increased due to application of G. fasciculatum alone, but enhanced further when inoculated with Neem Cake
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SOIL & CROP SCIENCES | RESEARCH ARTICLE Sustainable management of root-knot disease of tomato by Neem Cake and Glomus fasciculatum
2015Co-Authors: Rose Rizvi, Geeta Singh, Rizwan Ali Ansari, Sartaj Ali Tiyagi, Irshad MahmoodAbstract:1 Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted during winter season of 2009-2010 in the department of Botany, AMU, Aligarh, India, to determine the nematicidal potential of organic matter, Neem Cake at third level of dose, and bioagent, Glomus fasciculatum in terms of various growth parameters of tomato, when inoculated individually as well as concomitantly with respect to root-knot development. Neem Cake and G. fasciculatum showed potential for sustainable management while providing nutrient sources for proper plant growth. Disease intensity of root-knot nematode decreased while increasing the doses of Neem Cake along with the G. fasciculatum. Chlorophyll contents have been found to be increased in single and combined application as well. There is a progressive increase in growth parameters raised in soil amended with 10, 20, and 30 g Neem Cake/kg soil and inoculated with G. fasciculatum. Significant improvement in the plant growth was observed when G. fasciculatum and Neem Cake were inoculated simultaneously. Neem Cake plus G. fasciculatum reduced the nematodes' multiplication and root-galling, and increased the plant growth of tomato as compared to unamended and Meloidogyne incognita-inoculated plants. Mycorrhyzation and agronomic parameters were increased due to application of G. fasciculatum alone, but enhanced further when inoculated with Neem Cake.
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soil crop sciences research article sustainable management of root knot disease of tomato by Neem Cake and glomus fasciculatum
2015Co-Authors: Rose Rizvi, Geeta Singh, Rizwan Ali Ansari, Sartaj Ali Tiyagi, Irshad MahmoodAbstract:1 Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted during winter season of 2009-2010 in the department of Botany, AMU, Aligarh, India, to determine the nematicidal potential of organic matter, Neem Cake at third level of dose, and bioagent, Glomus fasciculatum in terms of various growth parameters of tomato, when inoculated individually as well as concomitantly with respect to root-knot development. Neem Cake and G. fasciculatum showed potential for sustainable management while providing nutrient sources for proper plant growth. Disease intensity of root-knot nematode decreased while increasing the doses of Neem Cake along with the G. fasciculatum. Chlorophyll contents have been found to be increased in single and combined application as well. There is a progressive increase in growth parameters raised in soil amended with 10, 20, and 30 g Neem Cake/kg soil and inoculated with G. fasciculatum. Significant improvement in the plant growth was observed when G. fasciculatum and Neem Cake were inoculated simultaneously. Neem Cake plus G. fasciculatum reduced the nematodes' multiplication and root-galling, and increased the plant growth of tomato as compared to unamended and Meloidogyne incognita-inoculated plants. Mycorrhyzation and agronomic parameters were increased due to application of G. fasciculatum alone, but enhanced further when inoculated with Neem Cake.
M. Nagesh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bio-management of Meloidogyne Incognita on Polianthes Tuberosa Using Glomus Mossea Eandpochonia Chlamydosporia as Bulb Dressing in Combination with Neem Cake
Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 2004Co-Authors: M. Nagesh, Krishan P. SinghAbstract:Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of bulb treatment/dressing with a combination of nematode antagonist, Pochonia chlamydosporia (5*10 chlamydospores/bulb) and plant growth promoting fungus, Glomus mosseae (2*10 spores/bulb), along with Neem Cake (500 kg/ha) application in order to rationalize the use of these bioagents in tuberose cv. Pearl Double against root-knot nematodes. An untreated and carbofuran (2.5 kg a.i./ha) checks were maintained for comparison. Plots that received a combination of Neem Cake amendment + treated bulbs (P. chlamydosporia and G. mosseae) recorded maximum percent of healthy roots, flower spikes/m2, spike length and number of florets/spike and least number of root galls and nematode populations in soil and the root. This was followed by the plots that received treatments, G. mosseae + Neem Cake, P. chlamydosporia and carbofuran. Mycorrhzal root colonization and parasitization of egg masses by P. chlamydosporia aided in establishing effective antagonism against M. incognita in tuberose. The dosages required besides the cost involved were also minimized by bulb treatment with the combination of spores of antagonistic and growth promoting fungi (P. chlamydosporia and G. mosseae) and Neem Cake as soil amendment.
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Root-knot Nematode Problem in Polyhouse Roses and its Management Using Dazomet, Neem Cakeand Pochonia Chlamydosporia (Verticillium Chlamydosporium)
Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 2004Co-Authors: M. Nagesh, T. Jan AkiramAbstract:An experiment was carried out in root-knot nematode infested rose commercial polyhouses using dazomet as pre-plant soil sterilant (25 g/m2); antagonistic fungus, Pochonia chlamydosporia (2×l010 spores/m2); Neem Cake (1.0 kg/ m2) and their combinations. A combination of dazomet followed by soil amendment with P. chlamydosporia and Neem Cake recorded maximum per cent healthy root, flower yield and plant recover compared to other combinations. The fungus established better in dazomet treated and Neem Cake amended beds. The next best treatment was dazomet with P. chlamydosporia in terms of reduced nematode populations, establishment of the fungus and flower yield/m2. This approach of pre-treating soil with dazomet, followed by the introduction of antagonistic fungus along with Neem Cake aided in restoring the soil health and antagonistic potential for long-term benefit.
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Management of Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & White) Chitwood in Chrysanthemum Using Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson in Combination with Neem Cake
Journal of Biological Control, 2003Co-Authors: M. Nagesh, S. S. Hussaini, S. P. Singh, S. R. BiswasAbstract:Talc and pesta granule formulations of P. lilacinus spores, obtained from solid and liquid media, at 12, 10, 8 and 6 per cent moisture levels were evaluated for their spore viability and tbeir field efficacy, singly and in combination with Neem Cake against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in the farmer's field. The preparation of P. lilacinus used in the field consisted mainly of spores. The fungus was cultured under two sets of defined conditions to produce aerial spores, i. e ., cultured on sorghum grains, and submerged spores, grown in a liquid medium. Aerial spores were more robust (96, 87, 80 and 60% viability at 6, 8, 10 and 12% moisture levels, respectively, in talc formulation from sorghum grains), compared to submerged spores (83, 72,64 and 54% viability at 6, 8, 10 and 12% moisture levels, respectively, in talc formulation from liquid broth), over a period of 60 days after formulation. Talc and pesta granules of P. lilacinus , applied at 2 doses, 10 and 15 kg/ha to the root-knot nematode infested chrysanthemum field correspondingly reduced root gall index to 1.4-2.7, nematode multiplication rate to 1.4-2.12, and enhanced floral yield by 12 per cent depending on the dose of formulation. Further, combined use of these formulations with Neem Cake enhanced fungal propagules in rhizosphere to 700-1070, fungal infectivity to 32- 52 per cent and chrysanthemum flower yield (by 23-28 %) depending on the dose of formulation.
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management of root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita kofoid white chitwood in chrysanthemum using paecilomyces lilacinus thom samson in combination with Neem Cake
Journal of Biological Control, 2003Co-Authors: M. Nagesh, S. S. Hussaini, S. P. Singh, S. R. BiswasAbstract:Talc and pesta granule formulations of P. lilacinus spores, obtained from solid and liquid media, at 12, 10, 8 and 6 per cent moisture levels were evaluated for their spore viability and tbeir field efficacy, singly and in combination with Neem Cake against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in the farmer's field. The preparation of P. lilacinus used in the field consisted mainly of spores. The fungus was cultured under two sets of defined conditions to produce aerial spores, i. e ., cultured on sorghum grains, and submerged spores, grown in a liquid medium. Aerial spores were more robust (96, 87, 80 and 60% viability at 6, 8, 10 and 12% moisture levels, respectively, in talc formulation from sorghum grains), compared to submerged spores (83, 72,64 and 54% viability at 6, 8, 10 and 12% moisture levels, respectively, in talc formulation from liquid broth), over a period of 60 days after formulation. Talc and pesta granules of P. lilacinus , applied at 2 doses, 10 and 15 kg/ha to the root-knot nematode infested chrysanthemum field correspondingly reduced root gall index to 1.4-2.7, nematode multiplication rate to 1.4-2.12, and enhanced floral yield by 12 per cent depending on the dose of formulation. Further, combined use of these formulations with Neem Cake enhanced fungal propagules in rhizosphere to 700-1070, fungal infectivity to 32- 52 per cent and chrysanthemum flower yield (by 23-28 %) depending on the dose of formulation.
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Management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato using bio-agent Verticillium chlamydosporium, Neem Cake, marigold and carbofuran
Indian journal of nematology, 2002Co-Authors: K.v. Gopinatha, D. Nanje Gowda, M. NageshAbstract:Efficacy of bio-control agent Verticillium chlamydosporium Goddard, Neem Cake, marigold and carbofuran against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on tomato were tested by applying individrlally and in combinations. Amongst treatments all components individually recorded maximum plant growth and minimum galls and egg masses, which were statistically on par. In combinations, V. chlamydosporium + carbofuran, marigold + carbofuran, Y. chlamydosporium + marigold recorded maximum plant growth and minimum galls and egg masses, which were statistically on par. These treatments also recorded maximum number of fruits per plant and yield per plot. Maximum parasitisation of V. chlamydosporium was recorded when carbofuran was integrated compared to its individual application or in combination with Neem Cake.
Giovanni Benelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neem Cake as a promising larvicide and adulticide against the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae): a HPTLC fingerprinting approach
Natural Product Research, 2016Co-Authors: Giovanni Benelli, Kadarkarai Murugan, Balamurugan Chandramohan, Pari Madhiyazhagan, Kalimuthu Kovendan, Chellasamy Panneerselvam, Devakumar Dinesh, Marimuthu Govindarajan, Akon Higuchi, Chiara TonioloAbstract:Mosquitoes are insects of huge public health importance, since they act as vectors for important pathogens and parasites. Here, we focused on the possibility of using the Neem Cake in the fight against mosquito vectors. The Neem Cake chemical composition significantly changes among producers, as evidenced by our HPTLC (High performance thin layer chromatography) analyses of different marketed products. Neem Cake extracts were tested to evaluate the ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal activity against the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies. Ovicidal activity of both types of extracts was statistically significant, and 150 ppm completely inhibited egg hatching. LC50 values were extremely low against fourth instar larvae, ranging from 1.321 (NM1) to 1.818 ppm (NA2). Adulticidal activity was also high, with LC50 ranging from 3.015 (NM1) to 3.637 ppm (NM2). This study pointed out the utility of Neem Cake as a source of eco-friendly mosquitocides in Anopheline vector control programmes.
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Old ingredients for a new recipe? Neem Cake, a low-cost botanical by-product in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases
Parasitology Research, 2015Co-Authors: Giovanni Benelli, Kadarkarai Murugan, Pari Madhiyazhagan, Chellasamy Panneerselvam, Barbara Conti, Marcello NicolettiAbstract:Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) represent an important threat to millions of people worldwide, since they act as vectors for important pathogens, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue and West Nile. Control programmes mainly rely on chemical treatments against larvae, indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets. In recent years, huge efforts have been carried out to propose new eco-friendly alternatives, with a special focus on the evaluation of plant-borne mosquitocidal compounds. Major examples are Neem-based products ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Meliaceae) that have been proven as really effective against a huge range of pests of medical and veterinary importance, including mosquitoes. Recent research highlighted that Neem Cake, a cheap by-product from Neem oil extraction, is an important source of mosquitocidal metabolites. In this review, we examined (i) the latest achievements about Neem Cake metabolomics with special reference to nor-terpenoid and related content; (ii) the Neem Cake ovicidal, larvicidal and pupicidal toxicity against Aedes , Anopheles and Culex mosquito vectors; (iii) its non-target effects against vertebrates; and (iv) its oviposition deterrence effects on mosquito females. Overall, Neem Cake can be proposed as an eco-friendly and low-cost source of chemicals to build newer and safer control tools against mosquito vectors.
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Shedding light on bioactivity of botanical by-products: Neem Cake compounds deter oviposition of the arbovirus vector Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the field.
Parasitology Research, 2013Co-Authors: Giovanni Benelli, Barbara Conti, Rita Garreffa, Marcello NicolettiAbstract:Industrial plant-borne by-products can be sources of low-cost chemicals, potentially useful to build eco-friendly control strategies against mosquitoes. Neem Cake is a cheap by-product of Neem oil extraction obtained by pressing the seeds of Azadirachta indica. Neem products are widely used as insecticides since rarely induce resistance because their multiple mode of action against insect pests and low-toxicity rates have been detected against vertebrates. In this research, we used field bioassays to assess the effective oviposition repellence of Neem Cake fractions of increasing polarity [n-hexane (A), methanol (B), ethyl acetate (C), n-butanol (D), and aqueous (E) fraction] against Aedes albopictus, currently the most invasive mosquito worldwide. These fractions, already characterized for low nortriterpenoids contents by HPLC analyses, were analyzed for their total content by HPTLC, highlighting striking differences in their chemical composition. Field results showed that B, A, and C tested at 100 ppm exerted higher effective repellence over the control (71.33, 88.59, and 73.49 % of ER, respectively), while E and D did not significantly deter A. albopictus oviposition (17.06 and 22.72 % of ER, respectively). The highest oviposition activity index was achieved by A (−0.82), followed by C (−0.63), and B (−0.62). Lower OAIs were achieved by D (−0.14) and E (−0.09). On the basis of our results, we believe that A, B, and C are very promising as oviposition deterrents against the arbovirus vector A. albopictus since they are proved as rich in active metabolites, cheap, and really effective at low doses.
