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E Pagliarini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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acceptance of a new food enriched in β glucans among adolescents effects of food technology Neophobia and healthy food habits
Foods, 2019Co-Authors: C Proserpio, E Pagliarini, M Laureati, B Frigerio, V LavelliAbstract:The aim of the present study was to evaluate adolescents’ acceptability of a novel flat bread modified by substituting a part of the wheat flour content with a Pleurotus ostreatus powder rich in β-glucans, which can potentially provide health benefits. The effects of food technology Neophobia and adolescents’ food habits on hedonic perception of the developed product was also investigated. Two hundred and two adolescents (age range: 13–18 years; girls: 49.5%; boys: 50.5%) evaluated their liking of two flat breads, one with mushroom powder added and one control sample with only wheat flour. Sample acceptance was studied in relation to age, gender, neophobic traits and healthy food habits. The results showed that, even if the sample with mushroom powder added was generally well accepted, there were different hedonic responses among adolescents according to their food technology Neophobia level and healthy habits. In particular, adolescents with a low food technology Neophobia level and healthy eating behavior mostly appreciated the sample with mushroom powder added, whereas subjects with neophobic and unhealthy eating behavior gave comparable hedonic scores to the two samples. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between food technology Neophobia level and healthy food habits. In conclusion, it is possible to develop a β-glucan-enriched product appreciated by adolescents using a sustainable ingredient. The developed product may be used to achieve the daily recommended intake of β-glucans by adolescents.
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reduced taste responsiveness and increased food Neophobia characterize obese adults
Food Quality and Preference, 2018Co-Authors: C Proserpio, M Laureati, Cecilia Invitti, E PagliariniAbstract:Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between two well-established markers of taste perception, 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) responsiveness and fungiform papillae number, in obese and healthy-weight subjects. The association between taste responsiveness and food Neophobia attitude was evaluated to understand if these variables are linked to nutritional status of subjects. Forty healthy-weight (Body Mass Index: 22.67 ± 0.43 kg/m 2 ) and forty-five obese (Body Mass Index: 37.57 ± 0.77 kg/m 2 ) subjects were involved. PROP responsiveness and fungiform papillae number were positively correlated to each other in both groups of subjects (healthy-weight: r = 0.67, p The nutritional status of the subjects seems to be linked to taste responsiveness and food neophobic attitude. These data suggest that, between several factors which could play a role in the control of body weight, understand how sensory perception affects eating behavior could give important information to study variables which may determine food habits.
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food Neophobia and liking for fruits and vegetables are not related to italian children s overweight
Food Quality and Preference, 2015Co-Authors: M Laureati, Simona Bertoli, Valentina Bergamaschi, Alessandro Leone, Lidia Lewandowski, Barbara Giussani, Alberto Battezzati, E PagliariniAbstract:Abstract Food acceptance and food choice are largely driven by taste preferences and liking, particularly among children. It is often assumed that overweight individuals differ from their normal-weight counterparts in that they prefer foods that are thought implicated in the development of obesity. Despite this, previous findings concerning the relationship between adults’ adiposity and food liking are inconclusive, and research in children is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among body mass index (BMI), food Neophobia and liking of fruits and vegetables (F&V) in a large cohort of Italian children ( n = 528, aged 6–9 years) in an ecological environment. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the BMI was unrelated to either the food Neophobia or the liking values. Food Neophobia was negatively correlated with liking of both F&V, but liking of vegetables contributed more in discriminating children according to their Neophobia level than fruits liking. This suggests that liking of vegetables is a better indicator of children’s food Neophobia than liking of fruits. This outcome was further confirmed as low, medium and highly neophobic children differed significantly for their vegetables liking but not for fruits liking. Food Neophobia was higher in boys than in girls and decreased systematically with increasing age.
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assessing childhood food Neophobia validation of a scale in italian primary school children
Food Quality and Preference, 2015Co-Authors: M Laureati, Valentina Bergamaschi, E PagliariniAbstract:Abstract Most of the studies published on childhood food Neophobia rely on parents’ reports of their children’s degree of Neophobia and not on children’s reports. Information about children’s food behavior obtained from questionnaires provided to the parents may be misleading because relying solely on parent’s reports underestimates the role of the child in the process. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a self-report measure of food Neophobia designed for Italian primary school children by adapting the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) proposed by Pliner and Hobden in 1992. The Italian Child Food Neophobia Scale (ICFNS) consists of 8 items (4 neophobic and 4 neophilic). Simple and age-appropriate vocabulary was used, and items were slightly modified to describe situations likely to be familiar to children. The ICFNS was tested on a sample of 491 6- to 9-year-old Italian children. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were satisfactory. External validity data showed that the ICFNS predicted both the children’s willingness to taste and liking of novel food. The results analyzed by age group indicated that younger children (6 years old) were not repeatable between the first and second administration of the questionnaire. Additionally, the ICFNS scores for the 6- and 7-year-old children were not significantly correlated with either willingness to taste or liking one of the two novel foods tested. Therefore, the ICFNS can be reliably used with Italian primary school children starting from the age of 8 years and most likely as early as 7 years. For 6-year-old children, adapted administration methods are recommended to achieve reliable results. Developing scales to measure food Neophobia directly in children has important implications for the study of childhood eating behavior and may be an effective tool for measuring children’s willingness to try new food when administering school-based food educational programs.
Cynthia A Stifter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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temperamental approach withdrawal and food Neophobia in early childhood concurrent and longitudinal associations
Appetite, 2016Co-Authors: Kameron J Moding, Cynthia A StifterAbstract:The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether temperamental approach/withdrawal processes were concurrently and longitudinally associated with parent ratings and behavioral observations of food Neophobia at 4.5 years of age. Additionally, maternal feeding practices were examined as potential moderators of the association between toddler temperament and food Neophobia. Data were drawn from a longitudinal study following individuals (n = 82) from infancy through early childhood. At 18 months of age, toddlers were observed in an unfamiliar laboratory setting with an experimenter and their reactions were coded. At 4.5 years of age, the children were again observed in an unfamiliar setting and were also offered three novel foods (lychee, nori, and haw jelly). The number of foods they refused to taste was used as a measure of behavioral Neophobia. Finally, mothers reported on their child's food Neophobia and temperament, as well as their own feeding practices. As expected, temperament was associated with concurrent measures of food Neophobia at 4.5 years of age. Also, low approach children who exhibited high negative affect and low positive affect in response to novelty at 18 months of age had higher levels of food Neophobia at 4.5 years of age compared to their peers. Furthermore, evidence emerged to show that these neophobic tendencies in low approach children were strengthened by a maternal pressuring feeding style. Collectively, the results of this study emphasize that children who have low levels of temperamental approach are at a heightened risk for developing food Neophobia during childhood.
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stability of food Neophobia from infancy through early childhood
Appetite, 2016Co-Authors: Kameron J Moding, Cynthia A StifterAbstract:The purpose of the present study was to examine whether rejection of novel foods during infancy predicted child behavioral and parent-reported Neophobia at 4.5 years of age. Data for the present study were drawn from a longitudinal study following individuals (n = 82) from infancy through early childhood. At 6 and 12 months of age, the infants tasted a novel food (green beans, hummus, or cottage cheese) and their reactions were coded for rejection of the food (i.e. crying, force outs, or refusals). The children returned to the laboratory at 4.5 years of age and participated in a behavioral Neophobia task where they were offered three novel foods (lychee, nori, and haw jelly) and the number of novel foods they tasted was recorded. Mothers also reported their own and their children's levels of food Neophobia. Regression analyses revealed that rejection of novel foods at 6 months interacted with maternal Neophobia to predict parent-rated child Neophobia. Infants who exhibited low levels of rejection at 6 months showed higher levels of parent-rated Neophobia when their mothers also showed high compared to low levels of Neophobia. At 12 months of age, however, infants who exhibited high levels of rejection tended to have high levels of parent-rated Neophobia regardless of their mothers' levels of Neophobia. These results provide preliminary evidence that rejection of novel foods during infancy does predict Neophobia during early childhood, but the results vary depending on when rejection of new foods is measured.
Maud C O Ferrari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an ecological framework of Neophobia from cells to organisms to populations
Biological Reviews of The Cambridge Philosophical Society, 2020Co-Authors: Adam L Crane, Grant E Brown, Douglas P Chivers, Maud C O FerrariAbstract:Neophobia is the fear of novel stimuli or situations. This phenotype has recently received much ecological attention, primarily in the context of decision making. Here, we explore Neophobia across biological levels of organisation, first describing types of Neophobia among animals and the underlying causes of Neophobia, highlighting high levels of risk and uncertainty as key drivers. We place Neophobia in the framework of Error Management Theory and Signal Detection Theory, showing how increases in overall risk and uncertainty can lead to costly non-responses towards novel threats unless individuals lower their response threshold and become neophobic. We then discuss how neophobic behaviour translates into population and evolutionary consequences before introducing Neophobia-like processes at the cellular level, where some phenomena such as allergy and autoimmunity can parallel neophobic behaviour. Finally, we discuss Neophobia attenuation, considering how a sudden change in the environment from dangerous to safe can lead to problematic over-responses (i.e. the 'maladaptive defensive carry-over' hypothesis), and discuss treatment methods for such over-responses. We anticipate that bridging the concept of Neophobia with a process-centered perspective can facilitate a transfer of insight across organisational levels.
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patterns of predator Neophobia a meta analytic review
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: Adam L Crane, Maud C O FerrariAbstract:Neophobia, the fear of novel stimuli, plays a major role in animal ecology. Here, we review studies on predator Neophobia and explore its underlying patterns within an ecological framework. Predator Neophobia is typically assessed by observing behaviours in novel areas that bring potential risk from unknown predators, or by observing behaviours towards certain kinds of objects and odours that are novel. We conducted a literature review across taxa, surveying research on baseline and induced Neophobia versus controls. We calculated effect sizes for the intensity of neophobic responses, and categorized data according to six factors (taxa, age class, background type, trophic position, test cue type and experimental treatment type). While accounting for each of the other factors, we found that baseline Neophobia was stronger among birds and mammals, and towards novel areas, relative to other taxa and cue types. Baseline Neophobia was lower for wild-caught animals and for those that were higher in trophic position, compared with those reared in captivity and from lower trophic levels. By contrast, induced Neophobia was similar in intensity across taxa, background types and testing cue types, while again being lower among upper trophic-level members and among juvenile animals. Although induced Neophobia occurred across all treatment types, brain lesions induced stronger Neophobia than predation risk or social isolation. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying these results and highlight gaps in the literature.
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background level of risk determines the intensity of predator Neophobia in juvenile convict cichlids
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2014Co-Authors: Grant E Brown, Douglas P Chivers, Chris K Elvidge, Christopher D Jackson, Maud C O FerrariAbstract:Behavioural ecology is rife with examples of prey animals that are able to adjust the intensity of their anti-predator response to match background risk levels. Often, preys need experience with predators before they will invest in costly anti-predator responses. This means that prey animals often fail to respond to predators during their first encounter. Recently, we have shown that prey raised under high-risk conditions may exhibit avoidance of potential predation cues independent of experience (Neophobia). Such phenotypically plastic neophobic predator responses may reduce the initial costs of learning ecologically relevant threats while maintaining sufficient behavioural plasticity to respond to variation in local conditions. Here, we test if induced Neophobia results in threat-sensitive behavioural trade-offs in response to a novel chemosensory cue. Our first experiment shows that while juvenile convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) pre-exposed to high (but not low) risk conditions exhibited predator avoidance to a novel odour (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss), the response intensity was not influenced by the concentration of trout odour detected. Our second experiment demonstrated that the intensity of anti-predator response towards a novel predator cue was dependent upon the level of background risk. Convict cichlids pre-exposed to high-risk conditions showed stronger responses than those pre-exposed to low-risk conditions, while cichlids pre-exposed to intermediate-risk conditions exhibited intermediate response intensities. Together, these data demonstrate that background levels of risk and not the concentration of novel cues detected shape the induced neophobic response pattern of juvenile convict cichlids.
Hely Tuorila - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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familiarity with and affective responses to foods in 8 11 year old children the role of food Neophobia and parental education
Appetite, 2012Co-Authors: Sari Mustonen, Patty Oerlemans, Hely TuorilaAbstract:Abstract The present study investigated whether the familiarity with and affective responses to foods are predicted by the individual trait food Neophobia and by parental education in school children. The cross-sectional data collection involved children ( N = 208, 8- and 11-year-old) from Helsinki, and their parents. A questionnaire assessing children’s food Neophobia with Food Neophobia Scale (FNS), and familiarity with and affective responses to 36 foods was completed by parents. Children with low FNS were familiar with a larger number of foods than those with high FNS. High FNS was associated with low pleasantness assessment of most food groups, including cheese, fruit/vegetables, fish, starch/cereals, and ethnic/exotic. Children of well educated parents had tasted a larger number of foods, thus displaying lower behavioral Neophobia, and had lower FNS scores than children of less educated parents. Both low FNS scores and high parental education predicted the number of tasted foods. Parental education was not associated with pleasantness ratings (exception: cheese). To conclude, high food Neophobia lowers the pleasantness ratings of foods, and parental education moderates behavioral Neophobia.
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food Neophobia shows heritable variation in humans
Behavior Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: Antti Knaapila, Hely Tuorila, Karri Silventoinen, Kaisu Keskitalo, Mikko Kallela, Maija Wessman, Leena Peltonen, Lynn Cherkas, Tim D Spector, Markus PerolaAbstract:Abstract Food Neophobia refers to reluctance to eat unfamiliar foods. We determined the heritability of food Neophobia in a family and a twin sample. The family sample consisted of 28 Finnish families (105 females, 50 males, aged 18–78 years, mean age 49 years) and the twin sample of 468 British female twin pairs (211 monozygous and 257 dizygous pairs, aged 17–82 years, mean age 55 years). Food Neophobia was measured using the ten-item Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) questionnaire, and its internationally validated six-item modification. The heritability estimate for food Neophobia was 69 and 66% in Finnish families (h2) and 67 and 66% in British female twins (a2 + d2) using the ten- and six-item versions of the FNS, respectively. The results from both populations suggest that about two thirds of variation in food Neophobia is genetically determined.
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food Neophobia among the finns and related responses to familiar and unfamiliar foods
Food Quality and Preference, 2001Co-Authors: Hely Tuorila, Liisa Lahteenmaki, Leena Pohjalainen, Leila LottiAbstract:Abstract A representative sample of the Finns ( n =1083) rated the familiarity of 20 foods designated to be “familiar” or “unfamiliar” and willingness to try them. Subjects also filled in a 10-item questionnaire measuring their individual food Neophobia. Food Neophobia scores decreased with increasing education and with the degree of urbanization. Men were more neophobic than women, and the elderly (66–80 years) were more neophobic than the other age groups. Subjects with high food Neophobia were less likely to have tasted or eaten the rated foods than were those with low food Neophobia. Food Neophobia significantly predicted the willingness to try “unfamiliar”, and also some “familiar” foods. In factor analysis, the items of the food Neophobia scale loaded on two factors but the variance was mainly explained by the first factor related to the interest in new foods. The second factor may reflect a general concern about trying unknown foods. Overall, the translated food Neophobia scale appeared to be a valid instrument for the characterization of consumer responses to unfamiliar foods.
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predicting the intent to purchase unfamiliar and familiar cheeses the effects of attitudes expected liking and food Neophobia
International Congress of Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: A Arvola, Liisa Lahteenmaki, Hely TuorilaAbstract:The attitude model of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) has been applied mainly to predicting the choice of familiar foods; however, the choice of unfamiliar foods may be governed by distinct factors. In the present study, 92 females rated their attitudes and subjective norms about the purchase intentions of two familiar and two unfamiliar cheeses, and the expected and actual pleasantness of them. They also completed the food Neophobia scale, which measures the tendency to avoid novel foods. Neophobic persons rated the attitudes and expected and actual taste pleasantness lower than neophilics for all cheeses, except for the most familiar, mild cheese. This suggests that food Neophobia also indicates the tendency not only to avoid, but also to dislike novel foods. Before tasting, attitudes and subjective norms together predicted the intent to purchase familiar cheeses better (R 2 = 0.54 and 0.58) than for novel cheeses (R 2 = 0.24 and 0.35); thus, the basic TRA model was not as useful in predicting intent to purchase unfamiliar as familiar cheeses. The predictions especially for the novel cheeses were clearly improved by including expected pleasantness ratings in the model. The usefulness of the food Neophobia score as an additional predictor was not clearly supported. Attitudes and subjective norms measured before tasting were poor predictors of purchase intents after tasting, which implies the importance of taste and direct product experience in food choice.
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effect of product formula information and consumer characteristics on the acceptance of a new snack food
Food Quality and Preference, 1998Co-Authors: Hely Tuorila, Asa Andersson, Arja Martikainen, Hannu SalovaaraAbstract:Abstract The acceptance of a new food `yosa' (fermented oat bran pudding, similar to flavored yogurt or porridge) was examined among young ( n = 44) and elderly ( n = 19) subjects. The samples were sweetened at low or high levels of sucrose and flavored with plum or wildberry jam (four combinations). The subjects rated the expected and actual pleasantness, purchase interest and the extent to which they would recommend the product to friends. Half of each age group was told that samples were `low-calorie' while the other half was told they were `high-fiber'. The subjects' food Neophobia score was determined. Overall, the elderly liked all samples better than the young, and the young favored the wildberry over the plum samples. The higher sucrose level was preferred over the lower one. `Neophilic' subjects had higher purchase interest than `neophobic' subjects. The elderly rated their purchase interest and recommendation to friends higher when informed of high fiber content, compared to the information of low calorie content. The results demonstrate that the acceptance of a new product is affected by various factors that operate either on their own (e.g. sucrose level; age group) or in combination with other product, consumer or context based variables (e.g. type of information × age group; type of flavor × age group × food Neophobia).
Maria I Sandell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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yolk testosterone modulates persistence of neophobic responses in adult zebra finches taeniopygia guttata
Hormones and Behavior, 2007Co-Authors: Michael Tobler, Maria I SandellAbstract:Individual differences in animal behavior can be attributed to genetic as well as non-genetic influences. One mechanism by which the behavioral phenotype of an individual can be shaped is via transmission of maternal sex steroids. In this study, we examined the role of yolk testosterone (T) in controlling Neophobia in 9-month-old, sexually mature zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Offspring hatched from either T-treated or control eggs were subjected to a sequential series of behavioral tests in which we measured the neophobic response and its persistence towards two unfamiliar stimuli. Birds from T-treated and control eggs did not differ in their latencies to approach and eat a novel food source during their first encounter. However, egg treatment affected subsequent habituation. Latencies decreased in both groups over a habituation period of 5 days, but considerably more so in T-offspring. Although males appeared to approach novel food faster than females, there was no overall sex effect during the habituation period. When a novel object was added in combination with the previously learned food stimulus, this caused an behavioral shift in approach latencies. In males, control offspring had significantly shorter latencies than T-offspring, whereas there was no difference among females. The latency to eat in the same test was not significantly affected by sex or egg treatment. Our results demonstrate long-term effects of prenatal T on neophobic responses in adult zebra finches. We hypothesize that prenatal T may be one underlying mechanism for individual differences routine formation.
