The Experts below are selected from a list of 276 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael G. Rosenfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pou domain factors in the Neuroendocrine System lessons from developmental biology provide insights into human disease
Endocrine Reviews, 2001Co-Authors: Bogi Andersen, Michael G. RosenfeldAbstract:POU domain factors are transcriptional regulators characterized by a highly conserved DNA-binding domain referred to as the POU domain. The structure of the POU domain has been solved, facilitating the understanding of how these proteins bind to DNA and regulate transcription via complex protein-protein interactions. Several members of the POU domain family have been implicated in the control of development and function of the Neuroendocrine System. Such roles have been most clearly established for Pit-1, which is required for formation of somatotropes, lactotropes, and thyrotropes in the anterior pituitary gland, and for Brn-2, which is critical for formation of magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. While genetic evidence is lacking, molecular biology experiments have implicated several other POU factors in the regulation of gene expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Pit-1 mutations in humans cause combined pituitary hormon...
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pou domain factors in the Neuroendocrine System lessons from developmental biology provide insights into human disease
Endocrine Reviews, 2001Co-Authors: Bogi Andersen, Michael G. RosenfeldAbstract:POU domain factors are transcriptional regulators characterized by a highly conserved DNA-binding domain referred to as the POU domain. The structure of the POU domain has been solved, facilitating the understanding of how these proteins bind to DNA and regulate transcription via complex protein-protein interactions. Several members of the POU domain family have been implicated in the control of development and function of the Neuroendocrine System. Such roles have been most clearly established for Pit-1, which is required for formation of somatotropes, lactotropes, and thyrotropes in the anterior pituitary gland, and for Brn-2, which is critical for formation of magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. While genetic evidence is lacking, molecular biology experiments have implicated several other POU factors in the regulation of gene expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Pit-1 mutations in humans cause combined pituitary hormone deficiency similar to that found in mice deleted for the Pit-1 gene, providing a striking example of how basic developmental biology studies have provided important insights into human disease.
Bogi Andersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pou domain factors in the Neuroendocrine System lessons from developmental biology provide insights into human disease
Endocrine Reviews, 2001Co-Authors: Bogi Andersen, Michael G. RosenfeldAbstract:POU domain factors are transcriptional regulators characterized by a highly conserved DNA-binding domain referred to as the POU domain. The structure of the POU domain has been solved, facilitating the understanding of how these proteins bind to DNA and regulate transcription via complex protein-protein interactions. Several members of the POU domain family have been implicated in the control of development and function of the Neuroendocrine System. Such roles have been most clearly established for Pit-1, which is required for formation of somatotropes, lactotropes, and thyrotropes in the anterior pituitary gland, and for Brn-2, which is critical for formation of magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. While genetic evidence is lacking, molecular biology experiments have implicated several other POU factors in the regulation of gene expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Pit-1 mutations in humans cause combined pituitary hormon...
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pou domain factors in the Neuroendocrine System lessons from developmental biology provide insights into human disease
Endocrine Reviews, 2001Co-Authors: Bogi Andersen, Michael G. RosenfeldAbstract:POU domain factors are transcriptional regulators characterized by a highly conserved DNA-binding domain referred to as the POU domain. The structure of the POU domain has been solved, facilitating the understanding of how these proteins bind to DNA and regulate transcription via complex protein-protein interactions. Several members of the POU domain family have been implicated in the control of development and function of the Neuroendocrine System. Such roles have been most clearly established for Pit-1, which is required for formation of somatotropes, lactotropes, and thyrotropes in the anterior pituitary gland, and for Brn-2, which is critical for formation of magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. While genetic evidence is lacking, molecular biology experiments have implicated several other POU factors in the regulation of gene expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Pit-1 mutations in humans cause combined pituitary hormone deficiency similar to that found in mice deleted for the Pit-1 gene, providing a striking example of how basic developmental biology studies have provided important insights into human disease.
Zubair W Baloch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oncocytic lesions of the Neuroendocrine System
Advances in Anatomic Pathology, 2014Co-Authors: Sule Canberk, Virginia A Livolsi, Zubair W BalochAbstract:This paper reviews the pathologic features of lesions which are oncocytic and involve classic endocrine organs. The history of the oncocytic cell, its morphologic and ultrastructural features, and important immunohistochemical findings are reviewed. Oncocytic proliferations including non-neoplastic
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oncocytic lesions of the Neuroendocrine System
Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology, 1999Co-Authors: Zubair W Baloch, Virginia A LivolsiAbstract:This paper reviews the pathologic features of lesions which are oncocytic and involve classic endocrine organs. The history of the oncocytic cell, its morphologic and ultrastructural features, and important immunohistochemical findings are reviewed. Oncocytic proliferations including non-neoplastic and neoplastic of the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal (both cortex and medulla), and pituitary are described. Their clinical relevance, functional capacity and capability, and where appropriate, prog- nostic implications are discussed. Important and relevant mole- cular biological information is included where appropriate.
Virginia A Livolsi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oncocytic lesions of the Neuroendocrine System
Advances in Anatomic Pathology, 2014Co-Authors: Sule Canberk, Virginia A Livolsi, Zubair W BalochAbstract:This paper reviews the pathologic features of lesions which are oncocytic and involve classic endocrine organs. The history of the oncocytic cell, its morphologic and ultrastructural features, and important immunohistochemical findings are reviewed. Oncocytic proliferations including non-neoplastic
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oncocytic lesions of the Neuroendocrine System
Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology, 1999Co-Authors: Zubair W Baloch, Virginia A LivolsiAbstract:This paper reviews the pathologic features of lesions which are oncocytic and involve classic endocrine organs. The history of the oncocytic cell, its morphologic and ultrastructural features, and important immunohistochemical findings are reviewed. Oncocytic proliferations including non-neoplastic and neoplastic of the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal (both cortex and medulla), and pituitary are described. Their clinical relevance, functional capacity and capability, and where appropriate, prog- nostic implications are discussed. Important and relevant mole- cular biological information is included where appropriate.
Irvin M. Modlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neuroendocrine tumors of the diffuse Neuroendocrine System.
Current opinion in oncology, 2008Co-Authors: Bjorn I. Gustafsson, Mark Kidd, Irvin M. ModlinAbstract:Neuroendocrine tumors (previously referred to as carcinoids) are ill-understood, enigmatic malignancies that, although slow-growing compared with adenocarcinomas, can behave aggressively. In 2004, they comprised 1.25% of all malignancies; their incidence is increasing by approximately 6% per year. The present review provides an overview on Neuroendocrine tumors and focuses on general features and current diagnostic and therapeutic options. Neuroendocrine tumors may present a considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge as their clinical presentation is nonspecific and usually late, when metastases are already evident. Topographic localization is by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, whole-body positron emission tomography or endoscopy/ultrasound. Bronchoscopy is useful to verify the diagnosis when lesions are located centrally in the bronchi. No curative treatment except for radical surgery (almost never feasible) exists. Palliative and symptomatic treatment is based on surgical debulking, tumor embolization, and biotherapy with somatostatin analogues. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are usually ineffective, but novel drugs such as tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors show promising results in phase II clinical studies. Tumors of the diffuse Neuroendocrine System represent a significant and increasing clinical problem, and there is a need to develop both early diagnostic tests as well as to establish targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Neuroendocrine tumors of the diffuse Neuroendocrine System
Current Opinion in Oncology, 2008Co-Authors: Bjorn I. Gustafsson, Mark Kidd, Irvin M. ModlinAbstract:Purpose of reviewNeuroendocrine tumors (previously referred to as carcinoids) are ill-understood, enigmatic malignancies that, although slow-growing compared with adenocarcinomas, can behave aggressively. In 2004, they comprised 1.25% of all malignancies; their incidence is increasing by approximate
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Evolution of the Diffuse Neuroendocrine System – Clear Cells and Cloudy Origins
Neuroendocrinology, 2006Co-Authors: Irvin M. Modlin, Manish C. Champaneria, Jan Bornschein, Mark KiddAbstract:As early as the 2nd century, Galen proposed that 'vital spirits' in the blood regulated human bodily functions. However, the concept of hormonal activity required a further 18 centuries to develop and relied upon the identification of 'ductless glands', Schwann's cell and the recognition by Bayliss and Starling of chemical messengers. Bernard's introduction of 'internal secretion' and its role in homeostasis laid a physiological basis for the development of endocrinology. Kocher and Addison recognized the consequences of ablation of glands by disease or surgery and identified their necessary role in life. Detailed descriptions of the endocrine cells of the gut and pancreas and their putative function were provided by Heidenhain, Langerhans, Laguesse and Sharpey-Schafer. Despite the dominant 19th century concept of nervism (Pavlov), in 1902, Starling and Bayliss using Hardy's term 'hormonos' described secretin and in so doing, established the gut as an endocrine organ. Thus, nervism was supplanted by hormonal regulation of function and thereafter numerous bioactive gut peptides and amines were identified. At virtually the same time (1892), Ramon y Cajal of Madrid reported the existence of a group of specialized intestinal cells that he referred to as 'interstitial cells'. Cajal postulated that they might function as an interface between the neural System and the smooth muscles of the gut. Some 22 years later, Keith suggested that their function might be analogous to the electroconductive System of the heart and proposed their role as components of an intestinal pacemaker System. This prescient hypothesis was subsequently confirmed in 1982 by Thuneberg and a decade later Maede identified c-Kit as a critical molecular regulator in the development and function of the interstitial cells of Cajal and further confirmed the commonality of neural and endocrine cells. The additional characterization of the endocrine regulatory System of the GI tract was implemented when Feyrter (1938) using Masson's staining techniques, identified 'helle Zellen' within the pancreatic ductal System and the intestinal epithelium and proposed the concept of a diffuse Neuroendocrine System. Pearse subsequently grouped the various cells belonging to that System under the rubric of a unifying APUD series. Currently, the gut Neuroendocrine System is viewed as a syncytium of neural and endocrine cells sharing a common cell lineage whose phenotypic regulation is as yet unclear. Their key role in the regulation of gastrointestinal function is, however, indubitable.