The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hideyuki Okano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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opportunities and limitations of genetically modified nonhuman primate models for Neuroscience Research
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Stefan Treue, Hideyuki Okano, Angela C Roberts, Guoping Feng, Frances E Jensen, Henry T Greely, James G Fox, Sarah J CaddickAbstract:The recently developed new genome-editing technologies, such as the CRISPR/Cas system, have opened the door for generating genetically modified nonhuman primate (NHP) models for basic Neuroscience and brain disorders Research. The complex circuit formation and experience-dependent refinement of the human brain are very difficult to model in vitro, and thus require use of in vivo whole-animal models. For many neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, abnormal circuit formation and refinement might be at the center of their pathophysiology. Importantly, many of the critical circuits and regional cell populations implicated in higher human cognitive function and in many psychiatric disorders are not present in lower mammalian brains, while these analogous areas are replicated in NHP brains. Indeed, neuropsychiatric disorders represent a tremendous health and economic burden globally. The emerging field of genetically modified NHP models has the potential to transform our study of higher brain function and dramatically facilitate the development of effective treatment for human brain disorders. In this paper, we discuss the importance of developing such models, the infrastructure and training needed to maximize the impact of such models, and ethical standards required for using these models.
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common marmoset as a new model animal for Neuroscience Research and genome editing technology
Development Growth & Differentiation, 2014Co-Authors: Noriyuki Kishi, Kenya Sato, Erika Sasaki, Hideyuki OkanoAbstract:The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small New World primate; it originally comes from the Atlantic coastal forests in northeastern Brazil. It has been attracting much attention in the biomedical Research field because of its size, availability, and unique biological characteristics. Its endocrinological and behavioral similarity to humans, comparative ease in handling, and high reproductive efficiency are very advantageous for Neuroscience Research. Recently, we developed transgenic common marmosets with germline transmission, and this technological breakthrough provides a potential paradigm shift by enabling Researchers to investigate complex biological phenomena using genetically-modified non-human primates. In this review, we summarize recent progress in marmoset Research, and also discuss a potential application of genome editing tools that should be useful toward the generation of knock-out/knock-in marmoset models.
Stefan Treue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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opportunities and limitations of genetically modified nonhuman primate models for Neuroscience Research
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Stefan Treue, Hideyuki Okano, Angela C Roberts, Guoping Feng, Frances E Jensen, Henry T Greely, James G Fox, Sarah J CaddickAbstract:The recently developed new genome-editing technologies, such as the CRISPR/Cas system, have opened the door for generating genetically modified nonhuman primate (NHP) models for basic Neuroscience and brain disorders Research. The complex circuit formation and experience-dependent refinement of the human brain are very difficult to model in vitro, and thus require use of in vivo whole-animal models. For many neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, abnormal circuit formation and refinement might be at the center of their pathophysiology. Importantly, many of the critical circuits and regional cell populations implicated in higher human cognitive function and in many psychiatric disorders are not present in lower mammalian brains, while these analogous areas are replicated in NHP brains. Indeed, neuropsychiatric disorders represent a tremendous health and economic burden globally. The emerging field of genetically modified NHP models has the potential to transform our study of higher brain function and dramatically facilitate the development of effective treatment for human brain disorders. In this paper, we discuss the importance of developing such models, the infrastructure and training needed to maximize the impact of such models, and ethical standards required for using these models.
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A cage-based training, cognitive testing and enrichment system optimized for rhesus macaques in Neuroscience Research
Behavior Research Methods, 2017Co-Authors: A. Calapai, M. Niessing, K. Heisig, R. Brockhausen, M Berger, Stefan Treue, Annette GailAbstract:In neurophysiological studies with awake non-human primates (NHP), it is typically necessary to train the animals over a prolonged period of time on a behavioral paradigm before the actual data collection takes place. Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) are the most widely used primate animal models in system Neuroscience. Inspired by existing joystick- or touch-screen-based systems designed for a variety of monkey species, we built and successfully employed a stand-alone cage-based training and testing system for rhesus monkeys (eXperimental Behavioral Intrument, XBI). The XBI is mobile and easy to handle by both experts and non-experts; animals can work with only minimal physical restraints, yet the ergonomic design successfully encourages stereotypical postures with a consistent positioning of the head relative to the screen. The XBI allows computer-controlled training of the monkeys with a large variety of behavioral tasks and reward protocols typically used in systems and cognitive Neuroscience Research.
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basic Neuroscience Research with nonhuman primates a small but indispensable component of biomedical Research
Neuron, 2014Co-Authors: Pieter R Roelfsema, Stefan TreueAbstract:Research with nonhuman primates represents a small component of Neuroscience with far-reaching relevance that is irreplaceable for essential insights into cognitive functions, brain disease, and therapy. Transparency and widespread information about this Research and its importance is central to ensure the support of politicians and the general public.
John A Rogers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recent advances in neurotechnologies with broad potential for Neuroscience Research
Nature Neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Abraham Vazquezguardado, Yiyuan Yang, Amay J Bandodkar, John A RogersAbstract:Interest in deciphering the fundamental mechanisms and processes of the human mind represents a central driving force in modern Neuroscience Research. Activities in support of this goal rely on advanced methodologies and engineering systems that are capable of interrogating and stimulating neural pathways, from single cells in small networks to interconnections that span the entire brain. Recent Research establishes the foundations for a broad range of creative neurotechnologies that enable unique modes of operation in this context. This review focuses on those systems with proven utility in animal model studies and with levels of technical maturity that suggest a potential for broad deployment to the Neuroscience community in the relatively near future. We include a brief summary of existing and emerging Neuroscience techniques, as background for a primary focus on device technologies that address associated opportunities in electrical, optical and microfluidic neural interfaces, some with multimodal capabilities. Examples of the use of these technologies in recent Neuroscience studies illustrate their practical value. The vibrancy of the engineering science associated with these platforms, the interdisciplinary nature of this field of Research and its relevance to grand challenges in the treatment of neurological disorders motivate continued growth of this area of study.
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implantable optoelectronic systems for Neuroscience Research conference presentation
Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XVI, 2019Co-Authors: John A RogersAbstract:Advanced optoelectronic systems that intimately integrate with the brain and the peripheral nervous system have the potential to accelerate progress in Neuroscience Research and to spawn new therapies in clinical medicine. Specifically, capabilities for injecting electronics, light sources, photodetectors, multiplexed sensors, programmable microfluidic networks and other components into precise locations of the deep brain and for softly laminating them onto targeted regions of the surfaces of the brain or the peripheral nerves will open up unique and important opportunities in stimulation, inhibition and real-time monitoring of neural circuits. In this talk, we will describe foundational concepts in materials science and assembly processes for these types of technologies.
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Implantable, wireless device platforms for Neuroscience Research
Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2018Co-Authors: Philipp Gutruf, John A RogersAbstract:Recently developed classes of ultraminiaturized wireless devices provide powerful capabilities in Neuroscience Research, as implantable light sources for simulation/inhibition via optogenetics, as integrated microfluidic systems for programmed pharmacological delivery and as multimodal sensors for physiological measurements. These platforms leverage basic advances in biocompatible materials, semiconductor device designs and systems engineering concepts to afford modes of operation that are qualitatively distinct from those of conventional approaches that tether animals to external hardware by means of optical fibers, electrical cables and/or fluidic tubing. Neuroscience studies that exploit the unique features of these technologies enable insights into neural function through targeted stimulation, inhibition and recording, with spatially and genetically precise manipulation of neural circuit activity. Experimental possibilities include studies in naturalistic, three dimensional environments, investigations of pair-wise or group related social interactions and many other scenarios of interest that cannot be addressed using traditional hardware.
Annette Gail - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A cage-based training, cognitive testing and enrichment system optimized for rhesus macaques in Neuroscience Research
Behavior Research Methods, 2017Co-Authors: A. Calapai, M. Niessing, K. Heisig, R. Brockhausen, M Berger, Stefan Treue, Annette GailAbstract:In neurophysiological studies with awake non-human primates (NHP), it is typically necessary to train the animals over a prolonged period of time on a behavioral paradigm before the actual data collection takes place. Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) are the most widely used primate animal models in system Neuroscience. Inspired by existing joystick- or touch-screen-based systems designed for a variety of monkey species, we built and successfully employed a stand-alone cage-based training and testing system for rhesus monkeys (eXperimental Behavioral Intrument, XBI). The XBI is mobile and easy to handle by both experts and non-experts; animals can work with only minimal physical restraints, yet the ergonomic design successfully encourages stereotypical postures with a consistent positioning of the head relative to the screen. The XBI allows computer-controlled training of the monkeys with a large variety of behavioral tasks and reward protocols typically used in systems and cognitive Neuroscience Research.
Roger N Lemon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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continued need for non human primate Neuroscience Research
Current Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Anna S Mitchell, Alexander Thiele, Christopher I Petkov, Angela C Roberts, Trevor W Robbins, Wolfram Schultz, Roger N LemonAbstract:Summary Neuroscience Research in non-human primates (NHPs) has delivered fundamental knowledge about human brain function as well as some valuable therapies that have improved the lives of human patients with a variety of brain disorders. Research using NHPs, although it is facing serious challenges, continues to complement studies in human volunteers and patients, and will continue to be needed as the burdens of mental health problems and neurodegenerative diseases increase. At the same time, Research into the 3Rs is helping to ameliorate the harms experienced by NHPs in experimental procedures, allowing the effective combination of optimal welfare conditions for the NHPs and high quality Research.
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applying the 3rs to Neuroscience Research involving nonhuman primates
Drug Discovery Today, 2018Co-Authors: Roger N LemonAbstract:This Feature focuses on UK Neuroscience Research using nonhuman primates (NHPs), and the application of the 3Rs, in the light of the recent EU SCHEER report and subsequent article by Prescott et al. (2017). The challenge of understanding the human brain and its disorders means that NHP Research is still very much needed, although it is essential that this Research is complemented by studies using other approaches, such as human volunteers and patients, and other alternatives to NHP use. Analysis of recent publications shows that these complementary approaches are already being actively exploited by NHP Researchers in the UK. Application of the 3Rs has been led by the UK National Centre for the 3Rs (NC3Rs), with active participation of UK NHP Researchers, who are constantly refining Research methodology. However, not all refinements work, and those that do succeed need to be fully validated before they can be introduced more widely into current practice. More generally, the 3Rs have helped to ameliorate harm experienced by NHPs in procedures, although there is still more to do. Accumulating evidence from recent UK Home Office statistics suggests that most monkeys used in scientific procedures experience a moderate rather than a severe level of harm.
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refinement of the use of food and fluid control as motivational tools for macaques used in behavioural Neuroscience Research report of a working group of the nc3rs
Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 2010Co-Authors: Mark J Prescott, Wolfram Schultz, Roger N Lemon, Verity J Brown, P A Flecknell, David Gaffan, Kate Garrod, Andrew Parker, Kathy Ryder, Leah ScottAbstract:This report provides practical guidance on refinement of the use of food and fluid control as motivational tools for macaques used in behavioural Neuroscience Research. The guidance is based on consideration of the scientific literature and, where data are lacking, expert opinion and professional experience, including that of the members of a Working Group convened by the United Kingdom National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs). The report should be useful to Researchers, veterinarians and animal care staff responsible for the welfare of macaques used in food and fluid control protocols, as well as those involved with designing, performing and analysing studies that use these protocols. It should also assist regulatory authorities and members of local ethical review processes or institutional animal care and use committees concerned with evaluating such protocols. The report provides a framework for refinement that can be tailored to meet local requirements. It also identifies data gaps and areas for future Research and sets out the Working Group's recommendations on contemporary best practice.
