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Stinson, Philip M - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Police Crime Across the Life Course: An Exploratory Study of Arrested Officers Who Reoffend
    ScholarWorks@BGSU, 2019
    Co-Authors: Wentzlof Chloe, Stinson, Philip M
    Abstract:

    The purpose of this study is to improve policing and inform the public about police crime and patterns of repeat or habitual police crime offenders. The study identified 10,287 arrest cases involving 8,495 individual nonfederal sworn law enforcement officers, each of whom were arrested during the decade 2005-2014. Of these, 505 officers (5.94%) were arrested more than once in the study years and account for 1,343 (13.06%) of the arrest cases in our database. This poster presents data on the criminal arrest cases and the officers who have been arrested multiple times while employed by a state or local law enforcement agency within the United States. Cases were identified using 48 automated Google Alerts that constantly crawl the Google News Search Engine. Data sources were triangulated and court records obtained when available. Exploratory analysis discovers patterns of arrested officer and victims demographics, details of the crimes, final adverse employment outcomes, and criminal case dispositions. Additionally, the relationships between criminal case disposition and other variables of interest are explored. Presented at the American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting in San Francisco, CA

  • Police Integrity Lost: A Study of Law Enforcement Officers Arrested
    ScholarWorks@BGSU, 2016
    Co-Authors: Stinson, Philip M, Liederbach John, Lab, Steven P, Brewer, Steven L
    Abstract:

    There are no comprehensive statistics available on problems with police integrity, and no government entity collects data on all criminal arrests of law enforcement officers in the United States. Police crimes are those crimes committed by sworn law enforcement officers with the general powers of arrest. These crimes can occur while the officer is either on- or off-duty and include offenses committed by officers employed by state and local law enforcement agencies. This study provides a wealth of data on a phenomena that relates directly to police integrity— data that previously did not exist in any usable format. The first goal of the study is to determine the nature and extent of police crime in the United States. The objective for this goal is to determine the incidence and prevalence of officers arrested. A second goal is to determine what factors influence how an agency responds to arrests of its officers. Objectives for this goal are to determine whether certain factors influence agency response and employment outcomes: (a) severity of crimes for which officers are arrested; (b) level of urbanization for each employing agency; (c) geographic location for each employing agency; (d) length of service and age of arrested officers; and, (e) criminal case outcomes. A final goal is to foster police integrity by exploring whether officer arrests correlate with other forms of police misconduct. Objectives for this goal are to determine whether arrested officers were also named as a civil defendant in any 42 U.S.C. §1983 federal court actions during their careers, and to inform practitioners and policymakers of strategies that will better identify problem officers and those at risk for engaging in police crime and its correlates. The advent of nationwide, objective, and verifiable data on the law-breaking behavior of sworn officers and provides potential benefits to law enforcement agencies that connect the technical expertise of reSearchers to criminal justice policymakers and practitioners. These data 2 provide direct guidance in three areas. First, the study provides agencies information on the types of crime that are most frequently perpetrated by police officers. Second, the reSearch provides information on the relationship between police crimes and other types of misbehavior that collectively comprise the problem officer. Third, nationwide data on police crimes and the manner in which arrested officers are organizationally sanctioned provides points of comparison for law enforcement agencies that confront these problems, as well as information on the degree to which law enforcement agencies tend to sanction or ignore certain crimes committed by officers. This is a quantitative content analysis study of archived records reporting several thousand arrests of police officers during the years 2005-2011. The primary information source is the Google News Search Engine and its Google Alerts email update service. Chi-Square was used to measure the statistical significance of the association between two variables measured at the nominal level. Cramer’s V was utilized to measure the strength of the Chi-Square association. Stepwise binary logistic regression was used to determine which of the predictor variables are statistically significant in multivariate models. Classification tree analysis was utilized to uncover the causal pathways between independent predictors and outcome variables. The Google News Searches resulted in the identification of 6,724 cases in which sworn law enforcement officers were arrested during the years 2005 through 2011. The cases involved the arrests of 5,545 individual sworn officers employed by 2,529 nonfederal state and local law enforcement agencies located in 1,205 counties and independent cities in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The findings indicate that nonfederal law enforcement officers were arrested nationwide during 2005-2011 at a rate of 0.72 officers arrested per 1,000 officers, and at a rate of 1.7 officers arrested per 100,000 population nationwide

Matos, Camila Carvalho De Souza Amorim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • As vozes da epidemia de sarampo de 2019 no Brasil
    'Research Society and Development', 2019
    Co-Authors: Matos, Camila Carvalho De Souza Amorim
    Abstract:

    This article aims to analyze the social actors involved in the media coverage of the 2019 measles coverage in Brazil. This is a qualitative study based on documentary reSearch. Fifty News, results from Searches for 'measles' and 'measles and autism' in the Google News Search Engine, were evaluated. News Search was conducted in august 2019. Almost exclusive predilection was noted by official sources and biomedical authorities. Few independent sources have been heard. The vehicles gave preference to monophonic discourse, even when they proposed to debate with different actors. Little recourse was made to ordinary citizens and individuals. It is concluded that the media, a strong influencer of popular opinion and health policies, has little explored the diversity of social actors and, consequently, their experiences and perspectives.El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los actores sociales involucrados en la cobertura mediática de la cobertura de sarampión de 2019 en Brasil. Este es un estudio cualitativo basado em la investigación documental, en el que se evaluaron 50 resultados de noticias de búsquedas de 'sarampión' y 'sarampión y autismo' en el motor de búsqueda de Google News. La búsqueda de noticias se realizo en agosto de 2019. Las fuentes oficiales y las autoridades biomédicas observaron una predilección casi exclusiva. Se han escuchado pocas fuentes independientes. Los vehículos dieron preferencia al discurso monofónico, incluso cuando propusieron debatir con diferentes actores. Se recurrió poco a los ciudadanos comunes. Se concluye que los medios de comunicación, una gran influencia de la opinión popular y las políticas de salud, han explorado poco la diversidad de los actores sociales y, en consecuencia, sus experiencias y perspectivas.O presente trabalho objetiva analisar os atores sociais envolvidos na cobertura midiática da cobertura de sarampo de 2019 no Brasil. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, exploratório, no qual se avaliou 50 notícias resultados das buscas por ‘sarampo’ e ‘sarampo e autismo’ na ferramenta de busca Google Notícias. Observou-se predileção quase exclusiva pelas fontes oficiais e autoridades biomédicas. Poucas fontes independentes foram ouvidas. Os veículos deram preferência por discurso monofônico, mesmo quando se propuseram a debate com diferentes atores. Recorreu-se pouco aos cidadãos e indivíduos comuns, que pouco foram ouvidos, em detrimento do conhecimento técnico-científico. Conclui-se que a mídia, forte influenciadora da opinião popular e das políticas de saúde, pouco tem explorado a diversidade de atores sociais e, consequentemente, de suas vivências e perspectivas.

Tina L Freiburger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • exit strategy an exploration of late stage police crime
    Police Quarterly, 2010
    Co-Authors: Philip M Stinson, John Liederbach, Tina L Freiburger
    Abstract:

    There are no exhaustive statistics available on the crimes committed by law enforcement officers, and only a small number of studies provide specific data on police crimes. The purpose of the current study is to examine the character of police arrests known to the media. Cases were identified through a content analysis of News coverage using the Internet-based GoogleTM News Search Engine and its Google Alerts Search tool. The study focuses on the crimes committed by experienced officers who are approaching retirement. The occurrence of these late-stage crimes presents a challenge to existing assumptions regarding the relationship between experience and various forms of police misconduct and also provides an opportunity to examine a stage of the police career that has not been the subject of much reSearch. The article concludes with an identification of reSearch and policy implications and includes a discussion regarding how our data should be interpreted within the context of existing studies on police socialization and the production of misconduct.

Weiyi Meng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • automatic Search interface clustering and Search result processing in metaSearch Engine
    2011
    Co-Authors: Weiyi Meng
    Abstract:

    World Wide Web has been growing dramatically during the past decades. How to accurately and efficiently acquire the needed information from such enormous Web becomes a critical problem. Currently, most popular general purpose Search Engines, such as Google, Yahoo, and Bing, can only index a small portion of the web sources. This portion of the Web, where the documents are normally connected through the static links, is called the Surface Web. Another portion of the Web, which is estimated to be two orders of magnitude larger than the Surface Web, is called the Deep Web. The only way to access the documents in the Deep Web is to submit the requests through the special interfaces provided by the Deep Web sites. The data matching the Search criteria are then retrieved from the underlying databases (e.g., relational database) and encoded in a HTML page. Because of their dynamic intrinsicality, the Deep Web pages are beyond the reach of the regular web crawler used by general purpose Search Engines. With the growing pace of the Deep Web becomes faster and faster, the traditional crawl-and-index model cannot satisfy the needs. MetaSearching is a different model to access the web. Instead of crawling back the web page and build its own index, metaSearching forwards the user query to the most suitable Search site(s) and retrieves the results back. A Search system building upon this model is called a MetaSearch Engine. Although metaSearching is a natural mechanism to solve the issue of accessing the Deep Web, it also can be applied to the Surface Web. A metaSearch Engine can be seen as a system consisting of multiple existing Search Engines and providing a unified access to its component Search Engines. The metaSearch Engines built upon document Search sites are called Document MetaSearch Engines, while those built on the Deep Web sites are called Database MetaSearch Engines. Nowadays, due to the semi-structured nature of HTML, significant human efforts are involved in the process of building such metaSearching systems, which is a severe hindrance to fully utilizing the power of the Web. Thus, it is extremely crucial to develop intelligent techniques that can largely automate the whole process. Building a large-scaled metaSearch system involves a lot of reSearch topics, such as Search Engine Discovery, Search Engine Clustering, Search Interface Integration, Search Engine Connection and Result Extraction, and Result Merging. In this dissertation, we focus on several important issues in Search Engine clustering and result merging areas. Search Engine Clustering is to classify Search Engines into different groups so that the Search Engines in the same group belong to the same application domain. This is a prerequisite of building unified Search interface for the Search Engines of the same domain. We select e-commerce Search Engines (ESE), which are the dominant type of Search Engines in the Deep Web, as our reSearch objects. Our approach utilizes the features available on the interface page of each ESE, including the label terms and value terms appearing in the Search form, the number of images, normalized price terms as well as other terms. The experimental results based on more than 400 ESEs indicate that the proposed approach has good clustering accuracy. The importance of different types of features is analyzed and the terms in the Search form are the most important feature in obtaining quality clusters. Result merging is to combine the Search results returned from multiple sources into a single ranked list. We try to investigate this problem from both Document MetaSearch Engine and Database MetaSearch Engine sides. For document Search Engine, the key issue is to determine the global similarity of each Search result record to the query. We investigate a variety of resulting merging algorithms based on a wide range of available information about the retrieved results, from their local ranks, their titles and snippets, tothe full documents of these results. The effectiveness of these algorithms is then compared experimentally based on 50 queries from the TREC Web track and 10 most popular general-purpose Search Engines. Our experiments yield two important results. First, simple result merging strategies can outperform single advanced general purpose Search Engines. Second, merging based on the titles and snippets of retrieved results can outperform that based on the full documents. We also investigate the problem of extracting publication time for the time-sensitive Search Engines (e.g. News Search Engine). We introduce a method that can automatically extract the publication time for each News story returned from News Search Engines based on several important observations we made. We also introduce a wrapper implementation for the extraction method. The experimental results using data collected from 50 News Search Engine show that our method is effective and the wrapper implementation can not only improve the extraction accuracy but also the extraction efficiency. For database metaSearch Engine, we focus our study on how to align the data units into groups so that each group contains the data units of the same concept only. Data alignment is an important step to assure the quality of data understanding, which is essential to merging results from the Deep Web sites. We thoroughly investigate the relationships between text nodes and data units. We identify five useful features and propose two clustering algorithms based on these features to do data alignment. Experiments show that both algorithms achieve high performance.

Brewer, Steven L - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Police Integrity Lost: A Study of Law Enforcement Officers Arrested
    ScholarWorks@BGSU, 2016
    Co-Authors: Stinson, Philip M, Liederbach John, Lab, Steven P, Brewer, Steven L
    Abstract:

    There are no comprehensive statistics available on problems with police integrity, and no government entity collects data on all criminal arrests of law enforcement officers in the United States. Police crimes are those crimes committed by sworn law enforcement officers with the general powers of arrest. These crimes can occur while the officer is either on- or off-duty and include offenses committed by officers employed by state and local law enforcement agencies. This study provides a wealth of data on a phenomena that relates directly to police integrity— data that previously did not exist in any usable format. The first goal of the study is to determine the nature and extent of police crime in the United States. The objective for this goal is to determine the incidence and prevalence of officers arrested. A second goal is to determine what factors influence how an agency responds to arrests of its officers. Objectives for this goal are to determine whether certain factors influence agency response and employment outcomes: (a) severity of crimes for which officers are arrested; (b) level of urbanization for each employing agency; (c) geographic location for each employing agency; (d) length of service and age of arrested officers; and, (e) criminal case outcomes. A final goal is to foster police integrity by exploring whether officer arrests correlate with other forms of police misconduct. Objectives for this goal are to determine whether arrested officers were also named as a civil defendant in any 42 U.S.C. §1983 federal court actions during their careers, and to inform practitioners and policymakers of strategies that will better identify problem officers and those at risk for engaging in police crime and its correlates. The advent of nationwide, objective, and verifiable data on the law-breaking behavior of sworn officers and provides potential benefits to law enforcement agencies that connect the technical expertise of reSearchers to criminal justice policymakers and practitioners. These data 2 provide direct guidance in three areas. First, the study provides agencies information on the types of crime that are most frequently perpetrated by police officers. Second, the reSearch provides information on the relationship between police crimes and other types of misbehavior that collectively comprise the problem officer. Third, nationwide data on police crimes and the manner in which arrested officers are organizationally sanctioned provides points of comparison for law enforcement agencies that confront these problems, as well as information on the degree to which law enforcement agencies tend to sanction or ignore certain crimes committed by officers. This is a quantitative content analysis study of archived records reporting several thousand arrests of police officers during the years 2005-2011. The primary information source is the Google News Search Engine and its Google Alerts email update service. Chi-Square was used to measure the statistical significance of the association between two variables measured at the nominal level. Cramer’s V was utilized to measure the strength of the Chi-Square association. Stepwise binary logistic regression was used to determine which of the predictor variables are statistically significant in multivariate models. Classification tree analysis was utilized to uncover the causal pathways between independent predictors and outcome variables. The Google News Searches resulted in the identification of 6,724 cases in which sworn law enforcement officers were arrested during the years 2005 through 2011. The cases involved the arrests of 5,545 individual sworn officers employed by 2,529 nonfederal state and local law enforcement agencies located in 1,205 counties and independent cities in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The findings indicate that nonfederal law enforcement officers were arrested nationwide during 2005-2011 at a rate of 0.72 officers arrested per 1,000 officers, and at a rate of 1.7 officers arrested per 100,000 population nationwide