The Experts below are selected from a list of 9150 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Geoffrey Cannon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The new Nutrition Science : principles
The South African journal of clinical nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Claus Leitzmann, Geoffrey CannonAbstract:The purpose of the New Nutrition Science project is to enlarge the context of the discipline and to give it a new conceptual framework, so that Nutrition Science, with its application in food and Nutrition policy, can work most effectively in the 21st century. The project is work in progress.
-
The new Nutrition Science project.
Public health nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Geoffrey Cannon, Claus LeitzmannAbstract:To show that Nutrition Science, with its application to food and Nutrition policy, now needs a new conceptual framework. This will incorporate Nutrition in its current definition as principally a biological Science, now including Nutritional aspects of genomics. It will also create new governing and guiding principles; specify a new definition; and add social and environmental dimensions and domains. A narrative review of Nutrition Science, its successes and achievements, and its dilemmas, paradoxes, shortcomings, dissonances and challenges. Reference is made to 16 associated papers. Equal use is made of continuous text and of boxed texts that extend the review and give salient examples. Recent and current interrelated electronic and genomic discoveries and linked sequential demographic, Nutritional and epidemiological shifts, in the context of associated and interlinked global social, cultural, environmental, economic, political and other developments, altogether amount to a world in revolution, requiring all disciplines including that of Nutrition Science to make comparably radical responses. Nutrition in principle and practice should be a biological and also an environmental and social Science. This new broad integrated structure brings much recent and current progressive work into the centre of Nutrition Science, and in some ways is a renewal of the period when Nutrition Science had its greatest impact. It amounts to a map charting well-known and also new worlds. The new Nutrition Science is concerned with personal and population health, and also with planetary health--the welfare and future of the whole physical and living world of which humans are a part. In this way the discipline will make a greater contribution to the preservation, maintenance, development and sustenance of life on Earth, appropriate for the twenty-first century.
-
Dimensions, domains and principles of the new Nutrition Science.
Public health nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Claus Leitzmann, Geoffrey CannonAbstract:Following the agreed principles, definition and dimensions of the new Nutrition Science, to elaborate its overall guiding principles, to propose some domains of its biological, social and environmental dimensions, and to propose a series of principles to govern and guide these dimensions and domains. This paper, part of The New Nutrition Science project, is initial work in progress towards a comprehensive typology of the Science, and is designed to stimulate further work. A review that takes into account the discussions of the Giessen workshop on the new Nutrition Science, and in particular the workshop agreement as expressed in The Giessen Declaration. Three outlines of the evolutionary, historical and ecological general principles to guide the new Nutrition Science are given in boxed texts. The suggested specific principles, taken mostly from 14 associated papers and workshop discussion, are an informal supplement to the Declaration. They are presented as further work in progress, to be developed, revised and agreed at future meetings designed to develop the new Nutrition Science. An essential aspect of the theory and the practice of the new Nutrition Science--in common with any scientific discipline and indeed any ordered human activity--is a specification of its dimensions and their domains, with definitions; and also considered and agreed principles to govern and guide its work.
-
The New Nutrition Science: Practice
The South African journal of clinical nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Geoffrey Cannon, Claus LeitzmannAbstract:The new Nutrition Science is meant to work. Its conceptual framework is designed to derive from present and foreseeable realities, and in particular the fundamental driving forces of well-being and disease. As a biological, social and environmental Science it is concerned to protect and improve personal, population and planetary health, all together.
-
The rise and fall of dietetics and of Nutrition Science, 4000 BCE–2000 CE
Public Health Nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Geoffrey CannonAbstract:AbstractObjectiveTo outline the history of dietetics since its beginnings in recorded history, and of Nutrition Science in its first phase beginning in the mid-nineteenth century and then its second phase in the second half of the twentieth century.MethodThree narrative overviews: of dietetics from its beginnings until after the end of the mediaeval and then Renaissance periods in Europe; of Nutrition Science in its first phase from its beginnings in the mid-nineteenth century until the middle of the twentieth century, with reasons for its rise; and of Nutrition Science in its second phase in the second half of the twentieth century, with reasons for its decline.ConclusionsIn its third phase in the twenty-first century, the new Nutrition Science should regain much of the vision and scope of its preceding disciplines.
Claus Leitzmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The new Nutrition Science : principles
The South African journal of clinical nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Claus Leitzmann, Geoffrey CannonAbstract:The purpose of the New Nutrition Science project is to enlarge the context of the discipline and to give it a new conceptual framework, so that Nutrition Science, with its application in food and Nutrition policy, can work most effectively in the 21st century. The project is work in progress.
-
The new Nutrition Science project.
Public health nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Geoffrey Cannon, Claus LeitzmannAbstract:To show that Nutrition Science, with its application to food and Nutrition policy, now needs a new conceptual framework. This will incorporate Nutrition in its current definition as principally a biological Science, now including Nutritional aspects of genomics. It will also create new governing and guiding principles; specify a new definition; and add social and environmental dimensions and domains. A narrative review of Nutrition Science, its successes and achievements, and its dilemmas, paradoxes, shortcomings, dissonances and challenges. Reference is made to 16 associated papers. Equal use is made of continuous text and of boxed texts that extend the review and give salient examples. Recent and current interrelated electronic and genomic discoveries and linked sequential demographic, Nutritional and epidemiological shifts, in the context of associated and interlinked global social, cultural, environmental, economic, political and other developments, altogether amount to a world in revolution, requiring all disciplines including that of Nutrition Science to make comparably radical responses. Nutrition in principle and practice should be a biological and also an environmental and social Science. This new broad integrated structure brings much recent and current progressive work into the centre of Nutrition Science, and in some ways is a renewal of the period when Nutrition Science had its greatest impact. It amounts to a map charting well-known and also new worlds. The new Nutrition Science is concerned with personal and population health, and also with planetary health--the welfare and future of the whole physical and living world of which humans are a part. In this way the discipline will make a greater contribution to the preservation, maintenance, development and sustenance of life on Earth, appropriate for the twenty-first century.
-
Dimensions, domains and principles of the new Nutrition Science.
Public health nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Claus Leitzmann, Geoffrey CannonAbstract:Following the agreed principles, definition and dimensions of the new Nutrition Science, to elaborate its overall guiding principles, to propose some domains of its biological, social and environmental dimensions, and to propose a series of principles to govern and guide these dimensions and domains. This paper, part of The New Nutrition Science project, is initial work in progress towards a comprehensive typology of the Science, and is designed to stimulate further work. A review that takes into account the discussions of the Giessen workshop on the new Nutrition Science, and in particular the workshop agreement as expressed in The Giessen Declaration. Three outlines of the evolutionary, historical and ecological general principles to guide the new Nutrition Science are given in boxed texts. The suggested specific principles, taken mostly from 14 associated papers and workshop discussion, are an informal supplement to the Declaration. They are presented as further work in progress, to be developed, revised and agreed at future meetings designed to develop the new Nutrition Science. An essential aspect of the theory and the practice of the new Nutrition Science--in common with any scientific discipline and indeed any ordered human activity--is a specification of its dimensions and their domains, with definitions; and also considered and agreed principles to govern and guide its work.
-
Wholesome Nutrition: a suitable diet for the new Nutrition Science project.
Public health nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Claus LeitzmannAbstract:To show that the practice of wholesome Nutrition meets the demands of the concept of the new Nutrition Science, at present and in the future. To define 'wholesome Nutrition', to describe its origin and to discuss its recommendations; and to cite practical examples showing that wholesome Nutrition includes the dimensions and domains that are the basis of the concept of the new Nutrition Science. The recommendations of wholesome Nutrition are an effective implementation of the concept of the new Nutrition Science.
-
The New Nutrition Science: Practice
The South African journal of clinical nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Geoffrey Cannon, Claus LeitzmannAbstract:The new Nutrition Science is meant to work. Its conceptual framework is designed to derive from present and foreseeable realities, and in particular the fundamental driving forces of well-being and disease. As a biological, social and environmental Science it is concerned to protect and improve personal, population and planetary health, all together.
Eugene Kolker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
precision Nutrition 4 0 a big data and ethics foresight analysis convergence of agrigenomics nutrigenomics nutriproteomics and nutrimetabolomics
Omics A Journal of Integrative Biology, 2016Co-Authors: Vural Ozdemir, Eugene KolkerAbstract:: Nutrition is central to sustenance of good health, not to mention its role as a cultural object that brings together or draws lines among societies. Undoubtedly, understanding the future paths of Nutrition Science in the current era of Big Data remains firmly on Science, technology, and innovation strategy agendas around the world. Nutrigenomics, the confluence of Nutrition Science with genomics, brought about a new focus on and legitimacy for "variability Science" (i.e., the study of mechanisms of person-to-person and population differences in response to food, and the ways in which food variably impacts the host, for example, nutrient-related disease outcomes). Societal expectations, both public and private, and claims over genomics-guided and individually-tailored precision diets continue to proliferate. While the prospects of Nutrition Science, and nutrigenomics in particular, are established, there is a need to integrate the efforts in four Big Data domains that are naturally allied--agrigenomics, nutrigenomics, nutriproteomics, and nutrimetabolomics--that address complementary variability questions pertaining to individual differences in response to food-related environmental exposures. The joint use of these four omics knowledge domains, coined as Precision Nutrition 4.0 here, has sadly not been realized to date, but the potentials for such integrated knowledge innovation are enormous. Future personalized Nutrition practices would benefit from a seamless planning of life Sciences funding, research, and practice agendas from "farm to clinic to supermarket to society," and from "genome to proteome to metabolome." Hence, this innovation foresight analysis explains the already existing potentials waiting to be realized, and suggests ways forward for innovation in both technology and ethics foresight frames on precision Nutrition. We propose the creation of a new Precision Nutrition Evidence Barometer for periodic, independent, and ongoing retrieval, screening, and aggregation of the relevant life Sciences data. For innovation in Big Data ethics oversight, we suggest "nested governance" wherein the processes of knowledge production are made transparent in the continuum from life Sciences and social Sciences to humanities, and where each innovation actor reports to another accountability and transparency layer: scientists to ethicists, and ethicists to scholars in the emerging field of ethics-of-ethics. Such nested innovation ecosystems offer safety against innovation blind spots, calibrate visible/invisible power differences in the cultures of Science or ethics, and ultimately, reducing the risk of "paper values"--what people say--and "real values"--what innovation actors actually do. We are optimistic that the convergence of nutrigenomics with nutriproteomics, nutrimetabolomics, and agrigenomics can build a robust, sustainable, and trustworthy precision Nutrition 4.0 agenda, as articulated in this Big Data and ethics foresight analysis.
-
Precision Nutrition 4.0: A Big Data and Ethics Foresight Analysis—Convergence of Agrigenomics, Nutrigenomics, Nutriproteomics, and Nutrimetabolomics
OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology, 2016Co-Authors: Vural Ozdemir, Eugene KolkerAbstract:Nutrition is central to sustenance of good health, not to mention its role as a cultural object that brings together or draws lines among societies. Undoubtedly, understanding the future paths of Nutrition Science in the current era of Big Data remains firmly on Science, technology, and innovation strategy agendas around the world. Nutrigenomics, the confluence of Nutrition Science with genomics, brought about a new focus on and legitimacy for "variability Science" (i.e., the study of mechanisms of person-to-person and population differences in response to food, and the ways in which food variably impacts the host, for example, nutrient-related disease outcomes). Societal expectations, both public and private, and claims over genomics-guided and individually-tailored precision diets continue to proliferate. While the prospects of Nutrition Science, and nutrigenomics in particular, are established, there is a need to integrate the efforts in four Big Data domains that are naturally allied-agrigenomics, nutrigenomics, nutriproteomics, and nutrimetabolomics-that address complementary variability questions pertaining to individual differences in response to food-related environmental exposures. The joint use of these four omics knowledge domains, coined as Precision Nutrition 4.0 here, has sadly not been realized to date, but the potentials for such integrated knowledge innovation are enormous. Future personalized Nutrition practices would benefit from a seamless planning of life Sciences funding, research, and practice agendas from "farm to clinic to supermarket to society," and from "genome to proteome to metabolome." Hence, this innovation foresight analysis explains the already existing potentials waiting to be realized, and suggests ways forward for innovation in both technology and ethics foresight frames on precision Nutrition. We propose the creation of a new Precision Nutrition Evidence Barometer for periodic, independent, and ongoing retrieval, screening, and aggregation of the relevant life Sciences data. For innovation in Big Data ethics oversight, we suggest "nested governance" wherein the processes of knowledge production are made transparent in the continuum from life Sciences and social Sciences to humanities, and where each innovation actor reports to another accountability and transparency layer: scientists to ethicists, and ethicists to scholars in the emerging field of ethics-of-ethics. Such nested innovation ecosystems offer safety against innovation blind spots, calibrate visible/invisible power differences in the cultures of Science or ethics, and ultimately, reducing the risk of "paper values"-what people say-and "real values"-what innovation actors actually do. We are optimistic that the convergence of nutrigenomics with nutriproteomics, nutrimetabolomics, and agrigenomics can build a robust, sustainable, and trustworthy precision Nutrition 4.0 agenda, as articulated in this Big Data and ethics foresight analysis.
-
genome environment interactions and prospective technology assessment evolution from pharmacogenomics to nutrigenomics and ecogenomics
Omics A Journal of Integrative Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Vural Ozdemir, Eugene Kolker, Arno G. Motulsky, Béatrice GodardAbstract:Abstract The relationships between food, Nutrition Science, and health outcomes have been mapped over the past century. Genomic variation among individuals and populations is a new factor that enriches and challenges our understanding of these complex relationships. Hence, the confluence of Nutritional Science and genomics—nutrigenomics—was the focus of the OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology in December 2008 (Part 1). The 2009 Special Issue (Part 2) concludes the analysis of nutrigenomics research and innovations. Together, these two issues expand the scope and depth of critical scholarship in nutrigenomics, in keeping with an integrated multidisciplinary analysis across the bioScience, omics technology, social, ethical, intellectual property and policy dimensions. Historically, the field of pharmacogenetics provided the first examples of specifically identifiable gene variants predisposing to unexpected responses to drugs since the 1950s. Brewer coined the term ecogenetics in 1971 to broaden the con...
Mark Lawrence - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
historical developments and paradigm shifts in public health Nutrition Science guidance and policy actions a narrative review
Nutrients, 2019Co-Authors: Ella Ridgway, Phillip Baker, Julie Woods, Mark LawrenceAbstract:Public health Nutrition (PHN) seeks to protect and promote the Nutrition-related health and wellbeing of populations. PHN Science is dynamic and has evolved over time, helping to inform our understanding of the changing nature, scope, causes and solutions to PHN problems. This scientific basis has informed Nutrition guidance and policy. Using a narrative synthesis method and guided by Kuhn’s theory on the structure of scientific revolutions, this paper reviews the historical development of PHN, aiming to understand the emergence of major scientific paradigms, paradigm shifts and evidence-informed guidance and policy. We propose that the development of PHN is characterized by the successive layering of paradigms resulting from interactions between Science, social change and policy-making. Four eras of PHN are evident: the foundation, nutrient deficiency, dietary excess and imbalances, and environmental sustainability (ES). Dominant paradigms have been communicated through nutrient reference standards, dietary goals and dietary guidelines. Transitions from one era to the next indicated new ways of thinking about PHN, amounting to a paradigm shift. The bidirectional relationship between Nutrition and ES is the latest challenge confronting PHN. Investigating PHN paradigm transitions reveals how we have arrived at current guidance and policies, and how PHN might progress into the future.
David R Jacobs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
food synergy the key to a healthy diet
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2013Co-Authors: David R Jacobs, Linda C TapsellAbstract:Food synergy is the concept that the non-random mixture of food constituents operates in concert for the life of the organism eaten and presumably for the life of the eater. Isolated nutrients have been extensively studied in well-designed, long-term, large randomised clinical trials, typically with null and sometimes with harmful effects. Therefore, although nutrient deficiency is a known phenomenon, serious for the sufferer, and curable by taking the isolated nutrient, the effect of isolated nutrients or other chemicals derived from food on chronic disease, when that chemical is not deficient, may not have the same beneficial effect. It appears that the focus on nutrients rather than foods is in many ways counterproductive. This observation is the basis for the argument that Nutrition research should focus more strongly on foods and on dietary patterns. Unlike many dietary phenomena in Nutritional epidemiology, diet pattern appears to be highly correlated over time within person. A consistent and robust conclusion is that certain types of beneficial diet patterns, notably described with words such as ‘Mediterranean’ and ‘prudent’, or adverse patterns, often described by the word ‘Western’, predict chronic disease. Food is much more complex than drugs, but essentially uninvestigated as food or pattern. The concept of food synergy leads to new thinking in Nutrition Science and can help to forge rational Nutrition policy-making and to determine future Nutrition research strategies.
-
food synergy a paradigm shift in Nutrition Science
2012Co-Authors: David R Jacobs, Norman J TempleAbstract:This chapter critically evaluates approaches to explaining the nature of the relationship between diet and disease. Most research has focused on studying single substances: macronutrients, micronutrients, as well as the many other bioactive substances present in food, either beneficial or harmful. Here we argue the case for turning our attention to food as a whole and to dietary patterns. This concept, known as food synergy, defined as additive or more than additive influences of foods and food constituents on health, is a powerful tool to help explain many Nutrition-related diseases and how best to prevent and treat them. This chapter is based on previous publications from one of us (DJ) [1–5].
