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Gabriella Pasqua - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • trichomes in camptotheca acuminata decaisne Nyssaceae morphology distribution structure and secretion
    Plant Biosystems, 2013
    Co-Authors: Alessio Valletta, Anna Rita Santamaria, Lorena Canuti, Antonella Canini, Gabriella Pasqua
    Abstract:

    Camptotheca acuminata is a main source of the anti-cancer drug camptothecin (CPT). In this species, several studies have observed non-glandular trichomes (NGTs) and glandular trichomes (GTs). It has been assumed that GTs contain CPT, yet this has not been proven and no information is available on the accumulation of other secondary metabolites. The objective of this study was to describe the morphology, distribution and structure of C. acuminata trichomes and to investigate the chemical nature of the substances secreted by GTs. Light and fluorescence microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to determine the morphology, distribution and structure of GTs and NGTs. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were carried out to confirm the presence of CPT in GTs, and histochemical tests were performed to investigate the presence of other secondary metabolites. C. acuminata possesses two types of GTs (GT1...

  • cell specific expression of tryptophan decarboxylase and 10 hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase key genes involved in camptothecin biosynthesis in camptotheca acuminata decne Nyssaceae
    BMC Plant Biology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Alessio Valletta, Anna Rita Santamaria, Livio Trainotti, Gabriella Pasqua
    Abstract:

    Background Camptotheca acuminata is a major natural source of the terpenoid indole alkaloid camptothecin (CPT). At present, little is known about the cellular distribution of the biosynthesis of CPT, which would be useful knowledge for developing new strategies and technologies for improving alkaloid production.

  • Cell-specific expression of tryptophan decarboxylase and 10-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase, key genes involved in camptothecin biosynthesis in Camptotheca acuminata Decne (Nyssaceae)
    BMC plant biology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Alessio Valletta, Anna Rita Santamaria, Livio Trainotti, Gabriella Pasqua
    Abstract:

    Camptotheca acuminata is a major natural source of the terpenoid indole alkaloid camptothecin (CPT). At present, little is known about the cellular distribution of the biosynthesis of CPT, which would be useful knowledge for developing new strategies and technologies for improving alkaloid production. The pattern of CPT accumulation was compared with the expression pattern of some genes involved in CPT biosynthesis in C. acuminata [i.e., Ca-TDC1 and Ca-TDC2 (encoding for tryptophan decarboxylase) and Ca-HGO (encoding for 10-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase)]. Both CPT accumulation and gene expression were investigated in plants at different degrees of development and in plantlets subjected to drought-stress. In all organs, CPT accumulation was detected in epidermal idioblasts, in some glandular trichomes, and in groups of idioblast cells localized in parenchyma tissues. Drought-stress caused an increase in CPT accumulation and in the number of glandular trichomes containing CPT, whereas no increase in epidermal or parenchymatous idioblasts was observed. In the leaf, Ca-TDC1 expression was detected in some epidermal cells and in groups of mesophyll cells but not in glandular trichomes; in the stem, it was observed in parenchyma cells of the vascular tissue; in the root, no expression was detected. Ca-TDC2 expression was observed exclusively in leaves of plantlets subjected to drought-stress, in the same sites described for Ca-TDC1. In the leaf, Ca-HGO was detected in all chlorenchyma cells; in the stem, it was observed in the same sites described for Ca-TDC1; in the root, no expression was detected. The finding that the sites of CPT accumulation are not consistently the same as those in which the studied genes are expressed demonstrates an organ-to-organ and cell-to-cell translocation of CPT or its precursors.

  • cpt accumulation in the fruit and during early phases of plant development in camptotheca acuminata decaisne Nyssaceae
    Natural Product Research, 2007
    Co-Authors: Alessio Valletta, Anna Rita Santamaria, Gabriella Pasqua
    Abstract:

    We describe the dynamics of camptothecin (CPT) accumulation during the early phases of plant development in Camptotheca acuminata. TLC and HPLC analyses were performed on the entire mature fruit and all of its parts and on the organs of seedlings in different developmental stages. In the mature fruit, the CPT content was relatively high (2.83 mg g−1 DW); it was accumulated especially in the endosperm (1.82 mg g−1 DW) and embryo (1.10 mg g−1 DW). Regarding seedlings, CPT was present in all of the organs, at all developmental stages. In the cotyledons, content was greatest in the early developmental stages (4.23 mg g−1 DW) and drastically decreased once the organ reached maturity (0.34 mg g−1 DW). A similar trend was observed for the true leaves. The results suggest that CPT is translocated from the organs at an advanced developmental stage to those at an early stage.

  • laticifers in camptotheca acuminata decne distribution and structure
    Protoplasma, 2005
    Co-Authors: Barbara Monacelli, Nicoletta Rascio, Alessio Valletta, Isabella Moro, Gabriella Pasqua
    Abstract:

    In this paper, a system of laticifers in Camptotheca acuminata Decne (Nyssaceae) is described. Laticifers were already present in the leaf primordia of the shoot apex. In the mature leaves, laticifers were found in the midrib and in the larger veins, both in the parenchymatic region delimited by vascular bundles and in the cortex just external to the phloem. In the stem, laticifers were present in both the primary and secondary body, running parallel to the longitudinal axis. They were located in the pith and in the cortex proximal to the phloem. No laticifers were found in the roots. The histochemical analyses indicated that the main compounds accumulated in laticifers were phenols. Neutral lipids and fatty acids were also present. Ultrastructural observations showed osmiophilic globules both in the vacuoles and in the peripheral regions of the cytoplasm of the laticifer cells. Plastids were present, although altered, with some parallel membranes and lacking starch grains. The discovery in C. acuminata of a laticifer system, which had never been described for the order Cornales, could be of taxonomic value, also considering that this order has traditionally represented one of the most problematic groups of flowering plants.

Alessio Valletta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • trichomes in camptotheca acuminata decaisne Nyssaceae morphology distribution structure and secretion
    Plant Biosystems, 2013
    Co-Authors: Alessio Valletta, Anna Rita Santamaria, Lorena Canuti, Antonella Canini, Gabriella Pasqua
    Abstract:

    Camptotheca acuminata is a main source of the anti-cancer drug camptothecin (CPT). In this species, several studies have observed non-glandular trichomes (NGTs) and glandular trichomes (GTs). It has been assumed that GTs contain CPT, yet this has not been proven and no information is available on the accumulation of other secondary metabolites. The objective of this study was to describe the morphology, distribution and structure of C. acuminata trichomes and to investigate the chemical nature of the substances secreted by GTs. Light and fluorescence microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to determine the morphology, distribution and structure of GTs and NGTs. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were carried out to confirm the presence of CPT in GTs, and histochemical tests were performed to investigate the presence of other secondary metabolites. C. acuminata possesses two types of GTs (GT1...

  • cell specific expression of tryptophan decarboxylase and 10 hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase key genes involved in camptothecin biosynthesis in camptotheca acuminata decne Nyssaceae
    BMC Plant Biology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Alessio Valletta, Anna Rita Santamaria, Livio Trainotti, Gabriella Pasqua
    Abstract:

    Background Camptotheca acuminata is a major natural source of the terpenoid indole alkaloid camptothecin (CPT). At present, little is known about the cellular distribution of the biosynthesis of CPT, which would be useful knowledge for developing new strategies and technologies for improving alkaloid production.

  • Cell-specific expression of tryptophan decarboxylase and 10-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase, key genes involved in camptothecin biosynthesis in Camptotheca acuminata Decne (Nyssaceae)
    BMC plant biology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Alessio Valletta, Anna Rita Santamaria, Livio Trainotti, Gabriella Pasqua
    Abstract:

    Camptotheca acuminata is a major natural source of the terpenoid indole alkaloid camptothecin (CPT). At present, little is known about the cellular distribution of the biosynthesis of CPT, which would be useful knowledge for developing new strategies and technologies for improving alkaloid production. The pattern of CPT accumulation was compared with the expression pattern of some genes involved in CPT biosynthesis in C. acuminata [i.e., Ca-TDC1 and Ca-TDC2 (encoding for tryptophan decarboxylase) and Ca-HGO (encoding for 10-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase)]. Both CPT accumulation and gene expression were investigated in plants at different degrees of development and in plantlets subjected to drought-stress. In all organs, CPT accumulation was detected in epidermal idioblasts, in some glandular trichomes, and in groups of idioblast cells localized in parenchyma tissues. Drought-stress caused an increase in CPT accumulation and in the number of glandular trichomes containing CPT, whereas no increase in epidermal or parenchymatous idioblasts was observed. In the leaf, Ca-TDC1 expression was detected in some epidermal cells and in groups of mesophyll cells but not in glandular trichomes; in the stem, it was observed in parenchyma cells of the vascular tissue; in the root, no expression was detected. Ca-TDC2 expression was observed exclusively in leaves of plantlets subjected to drought-stress, in the same sites described for Ca-TDC1. In the leaf, Ca-HGO was detected in all chlorenchyma cells; in the stem, it was observed in the same sites described for Ca-TDC1; in the root, no expression was detected. The finding that the sites of CPT accumulation are not consistently the same as those in which the studied genes are expressed demonstrates an organ-to-organ and cell-to-cell translocation of CPT or its precursors.

  • cpt accumulation in the fruit and during early phases of plant development in camptotheca acuminata decaisne Nyssaceae
    Natural Product Research, 2007
    Co-Authors: Alessio Valletta, Anna Rita Santamaria, Gabriella Pasqua
    Abstract:

    We describe the dynamics of camptothecin (CPT) accumulation during the early phases of plant development in Camptotheca acuminata. TLC and HPLC analyses were performed on the entire mature fruit and all of its parts and on the organs of seedlings in different developmental stages. In the mature fruit, the CPT content was relatively high (2.83 mg g−1 DW); it was accumulated especially in the endosperm (1.82 mg g−1 DW) and embryo (1.10 mg g−1 DW). Regarding seedlings, CPT was present in all of the organs, at all developmental stages. In the cotyledons, content was greatest in the early developmental stages (4.23 mg g−1 DW) and drastically decreased once the organ reached maturity (0.34 mg g−1 DW). A similar trend was observed for the true leaves. The results suggest that CPT is translocated from the organs at an advanced developmental stage to those at an early stage.

  • laticifers in camptotheca acuminata decne distribution and structure
    Protoplasma, 2005
    Co-Authors: Barbara Monacelli, Nicoletta Rascio, Alessio Valletta, Isabella Moro, Gabriella Pasqua
    Abstract:

    In this paper, a system of laticifers in Camptotheca acuminata Decne (Nyssaceae) is described. Laticifers were already present in the leaf primordia of the shoot apex. In the mature leaves, laticifers were found in the midrib and in the larger veins, both in the parenchymatic region delimited by vascular bundles and in the cortex just external to the phloem. In the stem, laticifers were present in both the primary and secondary body, running parallel to the longitudinal axis. They were located in the pith and in the cortex proximal to the phloem. No laticifers were found in the roots. The histochemical analyses indicated that the main compounds accumulated in laticifers were phenols. Neutral lipids and fatty acids were also present. Ultrastructural observations showed osmiophilic globules both in the vacuoles and in the peripheral regions of the cytoplasm of the laticifer cells. Plastids were present, although altered, with some parallel membranes and lacking starch grains. The discovery in C. acuminata of a laticifer system, which had never been described for the order Cornales, could be of taxonomic value, also considering that this order has traditionally represented one of the most problematic groups of flowering plants.

James R. Manhart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Ming-guang Feng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A mixture of putative sodium salts of camptothecin and bamboo tar is a novel botanical insecticide against rice planthoppers and stem borers
    Journal of Pest Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sen-miao Tong, Ming-guang Feng
    Abstract:

    The phytochemical camptothecin (CPT) from Camptotheca acuminate (Nyssaceae) and the byproduct bamboo tar (BT) from bamboo charcoal making are insoluble in water. Here, we prepared water-soluble CPT-Na and BT-Na by alkalization of CPT and BT and a mixture of both salts (CPT/BT-Na), and evaluated their insecticidal activities against brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and Asiatic rice striped borer Chilo suppressalis under laboratory and field conditions. The modeling analysis of time-concentration-mortality responses indicated that the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) of CPT-Na and BT-Na sprayed together against the two rice pests were reduced, respectively, by 3.5–14.8-fold and 3.3–29.1-fold in comparison with the estimates of the two salts sprayed separately. The reduction magnitude varied with post-spray days. These highlight a strong synergism of the two salts in insecticidal activity. In two field trials, a spray of CPT/BT-Na (CPT-Na + BT-Na: 1.5–3.0 + 135–270 g ha−1) resulted in more efficacious and persistent rice pest controls than not only a doubled spray of either CPT-Na or BT-Na, but also a recommended spray of imidacloprid against N. lugens or fipronil against C. suppressalis. All together, the mixture is a promising botanical insecticide for effective management of different rice insect pests.

  • Laboratory and field evaluations of camptothecin sodium salt against phytophagous mites.
    Pest management science, 2015
    Co-Authors: Sen-miao Tong, Ming-guang Feng
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND Camptothecin (CPT), a monoterpene indole alkaloid from Camptotheca acuminate (Nyssaceae), is toxic to some insect pests but insoluble in water. Here we show that an aqueous CPT-Na+ solution can kill the phytophagous mites Tetranychus urticae (TU), Acaphylla theae (AT) and Brevipalpus obovatus (BO) under laboratory and field conditions. RESULTS Modelling of 10 day time–concentration–mortality responses of female adults to 2 mL tower sprays of three CPT-Na+ dilutions generated LC50 and LT50 values that decreased over post-spray days and sprayed amounts respectively. CPT-Na+ sprays required to kill 50% BO, TU and AT were 35, 41 and 124 µg mL−1 on day 1 post-spray, but rapidly decreased to 2.2, 2.5 and 3.6 µg mL−1 on day 5, and to 0.69, 0.77 and 1.17 µg mL−1 on day 7 respectively. In summer field trials, a spray rate of 7.5 g CPT-Na+ ha−1 provided better control efficacy against TU (81–85%) on cotton or AT (90–93%) and BO (83–88%) in tea gardens than aramite (commercial acaricide) at the labelled rate of 56.25 g ha−1. Half of the CPT-Na+ rate controlled the mites as effectively as aramite. CONCLUSION Water-soluble CPT-Na+ is a promising plant-sourced acaricide to combat wide-spectrum pest mites. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

Anna Rita Santamaria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • trichomes in camptotheca acuminata decaisne Nyssaceae morphology distribution structure and secretion
    Plant Biosystems, 2013
    Co-Authors: Alessio Valletta, Anna Rita Santamaria, Lorena Canuti, Antonella Canini, Gabriella Pasqua
    Abstract:

    Camptotheca acuminata is a main source of the anti-cancer drug camptothecin (CPT). In this species, several studies have observed non-glandular trichomes (NGTs) and glandular trichomes (GTs). It has been assumed that GTs contain CPT, yet this has not been proven and no information is available on the accumulation of other secondary metabolites. The objective of this study was to describe the morphology, distribution and structure of C. acuminata trichomes and to investigate the chemical nature of the substances secreted by GTs. Light and fluorescence microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to determine the morphology, distribution and structure of GTs and NGTs. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were carried out to confirm the presence of CPT in GTs, and histochemical tests were performed to investigate the presence of other secondary metabolites. C. acuminata possesses two types of GTs (GT1...

  • cell specific expression of tryptophan decarboxylase and 10 hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase key genes involved in camptothecin biosynthesis in camptotheca acuminata decne Nyssaceae
    BMC Plant Biology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Alessio Valletta, Anna Rita Santamaria, Livio Trainotti, Gabriella Pasqua
    Abstract:

    Background Camptotheca acuminata is a major natural source of the terpenoid indole alkaloid camptothecin (CPT). At present, little is known about the cellular distribution of the biosynthesis of CPT, which would be useful knowledge for developing new strategies and technologies for improving alkaloid production.

  • Cell-specific expression of tryptophan decarboxylase and 10-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase, key genes involved in camptothecin biosynthesis in Camptotheca acuminata Decne (Nyssaceae)
    BMC plant biology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Alessio Valletta, Anna Rita Santamaria, Livio Trainotti, Gabriella Pasqua
    Abstract:

    Camptotheca acuminata is a major natural source of the terpenoid indole alkaloid camptothecin (CPT). At present, little is known about the cellular distribution of the biosynthesis of CPT, which would be useful knowledge for developing new strategies and technologies for improving alkaloid production. The pattern of CPT accumulation was compared with the expression pattern of some genes involved in CPT biosynthesis in C. acuminata [i.e., Ca-TDC1 and Ca-TDC2 (encoding for tryptophan decarboxylase) and Ca-HGO (encoding for 10-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase)]. Both CPT accumulation and gene expression were investigated in plants at different degrees of development and in plantlets subjected to drought-stress. In all organs, CPT accumulation was detected in epidermal idioblasts, in some glandular trichomes, and in groups of idioblast cells localized in parenchyma tissues. Drought-stress caused an increase in CPT accumulation and in the number of glandular trichomes containing CPT, whereas no increase in epidermal or parenchymatous idioblasts was observed. In the leaf, Ca-TDC1 expression was detected in some epidermal cells and in groups of mesophyll cells but not in glandular trichomes; in the stem, it was observed in parenchyma cells of the vascular tissue; in the root, no expression was detected. Ca-TDC2 expression was observed exclusively in leaves of plantlets subjected to drought-stress, in the same sites described for Ca-TDC1. In the leaf, Ca-HGO was detected in all chlorenchyma cells; in the stem, it was observed in the same sites described for Ca-TDC1; in the root, no expression was detected. The finding that the sites of CPT accumulation are not consistently the same as those in which the studied genes are expressed demonstrates an organ-to-organ and cell-to-cell translocation of CPT or its precursors.

  • cpt accumulation in the fruit and during early phases of plant development in camptotheca acuminata decaisne Nyssaceae
    Natural Product Research, 2007
    Co-Authors: Alessio Valletta, Anna Rita Santamaria, Gabriella Pasqua
    Abstract:

    We describe the dynamics of camptothecin (CPT) accumulation during the early phases of plant development in Camptotheca acuminata. TLC and HPLC analyses were performed on the entire mature fruit and all of its parts and on the organs of seedlings in different developmental stages. In the mature fruit, the CPT content was relatively high (2.83 mg g−1 DW); it was accumulated especially in the endosperm (1.82 mg g−1 DW) and embryo (1.10 mg g−1 DW). Regarding seedlings, CPT was present in all of the organs, at all developmental stages. In the cotyledons, content was greatest in the early developmental stages (4.23 mg g−1 DW) and drastically decreased once the organ reached maturity (0.34 mg g−1 DW). A similar trend was observed for the true leaves. The results suggest that CPT is translocated from the organs at an advanced developmental stage to those at an early stage.

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