The Experts below are selected from a list of 26148 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Frederick Aardema - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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choice blindness confabulatory introspection and obsessive compulsive symptoms investigation in a clinical sample
Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2020Co-Authors: Shiu F Wong, Lars Hall, Frederick Aardema, Martha Giraldoomeara, Petter JohanssonAbstract:The content of Obsessions in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) often run contrary to the actual self of the individual experiencing them. The ego-dystonic nature of Obsessions has led some researchers to propose that individuals with OCD form these false beliefs about themselves due to limited introspective access. The current study therefore aimed to extend on recent findings from non-clinical samples, which suggest the relevance of confabulatory introspection on OCD symptoms, in a clinical population. Participants were community participants diagnosed with OCD (n = 54) or another anxiety or mood disorder (n = 28), as well as healthy individuals (n = 110). Groups completed the Choice Blindness Paradigm, an experimental task designed to have participants confabulate outside of their awareness. Contrary to predictions, the OCD group did not have a greater proportion of individuals who confabulated on this task. Furthermore, only within healthy participants was the occurrence of confabulation associated with elevated OCD symptoms. We speculate that confabulatory introspection may be an important precursor to the development of clinical Obsessions and its early detection could inform the prevention of obsessive–compulsive and related disorders. (Less)
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intrusive thoughts Obsessions and appraisals in obsessive compulsive disorder a critical review
Clinical Psychology Review, 2007Co-Authors: Dominic Julien, Kieron Oconnor, Frederick AardemaAbstract:Abstract This article reviews empirical findings on two key premises of the appraisal model of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD): (a) non-clinical populations experience intrusive thoughts (ITs) that are similar in form and in content to Obsessions; and (b) ITs develop into Obsessions because they are appraised according to dysfunctional beliefs. There is support for the universality of ITs. However, the samples used are not representative of the general population. IT measures do not relate systematically or exclusively to OCD symptom measures, and are not specific enough to exclude other types of intrusive thoughts such as negative automatic thoughts or worries, nor are they representative of all types of Obsessions. When general distress is controlled, there is so far no evidence that participants with OCD endorse obsessive belief domains more strongly than anxious participants, and inconclusive evidence that OCD and non-clinical samples differ on the belief domains. Some OCD symptom subtypes are associated with belief domains. Currently, there is no coherent model to offer strong predictions about the specificity of the empirically derived belief domains in OCD symptom subtypes. Cognitive therapy based on the appraisal model is an effective treatment for OCD, although it does not add to the treatment efficacy of behaviour therapy. It is unclear how appraisals turn ITs into Obsessions. Implications for future research are discussed.
Martin Burgy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Obsession in the strict sense a helpful psychopathological phenomenon in the differential diagnosis between obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenia
Psychopathology, 2007Co-Authors: Martin BurgyAbstract:The paper presented follows the hypothesis that differentiation between obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia is possible only by focusing on the single phenomenon of Obsession. The statement of a nosological specificity of Obsession, called Obsession in the strict sense, is set against the current views of ICD-10 and DSM-IV of Obsession as a ubiquitous, non-specific phenomenon appearing in comorbidities. In the succession of the paper, the historical development of these two very different views and their clinically mixing is reconstructed. The phenomenological clarification of the structure of the obsessive phenomena leads to the term of Obsession in the strict sense. The distinction between obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia can take place at the psychopathological interface between Obsession in the strict sense and delusional idea. The examination of the literature on the connection between obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia shows that there is no definitive connection between Obsession in the strict sense and schizophrenia. Finally, some case reports are presented to sharpen clinical suspicion for other possibly wrong diagnoses.
Sabine Wilhelm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cognitive and clinical characteristics of sexual and religious Obsessions
Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 2011Co-Authors: Jedidiah Siev, Gail Steketee, Jeanne M Fama, Sabine WilhelmAbstract:Sexual and religious Obsessions are often grouped together as unacceptable thoughts, symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder hypothesized to be maintained by maladaptive beliefs about the importance and control of thoughts. Although there is empirical justification for this typology, there are several reasons to suspect that sexual and religious Obsessions may differ with respect to associated Obsessional beliefs and personality traits. In this study, we examined the associations between sexual and religious Obsessions (separately) and (a) putatively Obsessional cognitive styles, especially beliefs about the importance and control of thoughts, and responsibility, (b) obsessive-compulsive personality traits, and (c) schizotypal personality traits. Whereas sexual Obsessions were predicted only by increased beliefs about the importance and control of thoughts, and contamination Obsessions were predicted only by inflated responsibility appraisals and threat estimation, religious Obsessions were independently predicted by both of these constructs. In addition, only religious Obsessions were related to self-reported obsessive-compulsive personality traits. Researchers and clinicians should be cognizant of potentially important distinctions between sexual and religious Obsessions, and the possibility that scrupulous OCD shares processes with both autogenous and reactive presentations.
David F Tolin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relation between fearfulness disgust sensitivity and religious Obsessions in a non clinical sample
Personality and Individual Differences, 2005Co-Authors: Bunmi O Olatunji, David F Tolin, Jonathan D Huppert, Jeffrey M LohrAbstract:The present study sought to determine the relation among fearfulness, disgust sensitivity, and religious Obsessions in a non-clinical sample. One hundred participants completed two measures of fear (Fear Survey Schedule, Padua Inventory) a measure of disgust sensitivity (Disgust Scale) and a measure of religious Obsessions (Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity). Overall, the data were consistent with an additive relation among fearfulness, disgust sensitivity and religious Obsessions. Inconsistent with recent notions in the research literature, the relation between disgust sensitivity and religious Obsessions remained significant even after controlling for general fearfulness and cleanliness fears. Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that interpersonal and contamination fears as well as disgust sensitivity specifically towards sex and death best predicted religious Obsessions. It is suggested that an additive model consisting of symptoms of both fear and disgust should be considered in future research and treatment of religious Obsessions.
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fixity of belief perceptual aberration and magical ideation in obsessive compulsive disorder
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2001Co-Authors: David F Tolin, Jonathan S Abramowitz, Michael J KozakAbstract:Abstract Clinicians and researchers have pondered the intersection of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and psychosis. We examined the records of 395 individuals seeking treatment for OCD and classified participants according to their most frequent or distressing Obsession and compulsion. All participants completed measures of fixity of belief, perceptual distortions, magical ideation, and psychotic symptoms. Results indicated that individuals who reported fear of harming self or others via overwhelming impulse or by mistake, and those with religious Obsessions, had poorer insight and more perceptual distortions and magical ideation than did individuals with other types of Obsessions. These results did not appear to reflect mere differences in OCD severity. Results are discussed in light of previous findings showing that psychotic-like symptoms are associated with attenuated treatment outcome in OCD. More research is needed to assess the absolute magnitude of psychotic-like features in OCD patients with impulse/mistake and religious Obsessions and to examine whether these features interfere with standard cognitive–behavioral therapy.
Josef Parnas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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schizophrenia spectrum psychopathology in obsessive compulsive disorder an empirical study
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Andreas Rosen Rasmussen, Julie Nordgaard, Josef ParnasAbstract:The differential diagnosis of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders can be difficult. In the current diagnostic criteria, basic concepts such as Obsession and delusion overlap. This study examined lifetime schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology, including subtle schizotypal symptomatology and subjective anomalies such as self-disorders, in a sample diagnosed with OCD in a specialized setting. The study also examined the differential diagnostic potential of the classic psychopathological notions of true Obsession (‘with resistance’) and pseudo-Obsession. The study involved 42 outpatients diagnosed with OCD at two clinics specialized in the treatment of OCD. The patients underwent semi-structured, narrative interviews assessing a comprehensive battery of psychopathological instruments. The final lifetime research-diagnosis was based on a consensus between a senior clinical psychiatrist and an experienced research clinician. The study found that 29% of the patients fulfilled criteria of schizophrenia or another non-affective psychosis as main, lifetime DSM-5 research-diagnosis. Another 33% received a research-diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder, 10% a research-diagnosis of major depression and 29% a main research-diagnosis of OCD. Self-disorders aggregated in the schizophrenia-spectrum groups. True Obsessions had a specificity of 93% and a sensitivity of 58% for a main diagnosis of OCD. In conclusion, a high proportion of clinically diagnosed OCD patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria of a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. The conspicuous obsessive–compulsive symptomatology may have resulted in a disregard of psychotic symptoms and other psychopathology. Furthermore, the differentiation of Obsessions from related psychopathological phenomena is insufficient and a conceptual and empirical effort in this domain is required in the future.
