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Marion Nixon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Some parameters of growth in Octopus Vulgaris
Journal of Zoology, 2010Co-Authors: Marion NixonAbstract:The total length, the dorsal mantle length and the weight of the lens of Octopus Vulgaris Lamarck have been related to the live body weight. The effect of fixation on the body weight and dorsal mantle length has been tested on six small Octopuses.
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Has Octopus Vulgaris a second radula
Journal of Zoology, 2009Co-Authors: Marion NixonAbstract:Octopus Vulgaris drills shelled molluscs and measurements showed the radula to be too large to reach into the depths of the holes made. Small teeth were found on the salivary papilla and its seems likely that these are used for excavating the deeper parts of the holes and penetration of the shell.
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Use of the beaks and raduala by Octopus Vulgaris in feeding
Journal of Zoology, 2009Co-Authors: J. S. Altman, Marion NixonAbstract:The role of the chitinous beaks and the radula of the cephalopod Octopus Vulgaris Lamarck, when feeding on either live shore crabs or whole dead fish, has been examined. One or more of these mouthparts was removed surgically and the effect on the quantity of food eaten and the method of cleaning the prey followed. The condition of the digestivetract was observed at post-mortem.
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The time and frequency of responses by Octopus Vulgaris to an automatic food dispenser
Journal of Zoology, 2009Co-Authors: Marion NixonAbstract:An automatic food dispenser was designed for use with Octopus Vulgaris Lamarck. One live crab was delivered each time the Octopus pulled a white shape attached to the dispenser. The apparatus provided a continuous record of the time and frequency of feeding over periods of up to 15 days.
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The early life of Sepia officinalis, and the contrast with that of Octopus Vulgaris (Cephalopoda)
Journal of Zoology, 1998Co-Authors: Marion Nixon, Katharina MangoldAbstract:The egg and hatchling of Sepia officinalis L. is relatively large, compared with those of other cephalopods. We review the information on growth, chromatophores, behaviour, prey capture, colour and body patterns of this sepiid, for correlation with changes in morphology and development of its central nervous system. We compare the early life of S. officinalis with that of the common octopod, Octopus Vulgaris, Cuvier 1797. Sepia officinalis is initially benthopelagic but subsequently is mostly benthic in habit. Octopus Vulgaris enters the plankton immediately after hatching and spends several weeks there before it settles to a life spent mostly on the bottom.
Anna Di Cosmo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Octopus Vulgaris: An Alternative in Evolution.
Results and problems in cell differentiation, 2018Co-Authors: Anna Di Cosmo, Valeria Maselli, Gianluca PoleseAbstract:Octopus Vulgaris underwent a radical modification to cope with the benthic lifestyle. It diverged from other cephalopods in terms of body plan, anatomy, behavior, and intelligence. It independently evolved the largest and most complex nervous system and sophisticated behaviors among invertebrates in a separate evolutionary lineage. It is equipped with unusual traits that confer it an incredible evolutionary success: arms capable of a wide range of movements with no skeletal support; developed eyes with a complex visual behavior; vestibular system; primitive “hearing” system; chemoreceptors located in epidermis, suckers, and mouth; and a discrete olfactory organ. As if these were not enough, the occurrence of recently discovered adult neurogenesis and the high level of RNA editing give it a master key to face environmental challenges. Here we provide an overview of some of the winning evolutionary inventions that Octopus puts in place such as the capacity to see color, smell by touch, edit own genes, and rejuvenate own brain.
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Neuroendocrine–Immune Systems Response to Environmental Stressors in the Cephalopod Octopus Vulgaris
Frontiers in physiology, 2016Co-Authors: Anna Di Cosmo, Gianluca PoleseAbstract:Under a continuous changing environment, animals are challenged with stresses and stimuli which demanding adaptation at behavioral and physiological levels. The adaptation strategies are finely regulated by animal nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Although it’s been established by now the usage of integrative approach to the study the endocrine and nervous systems (neuroendocrine), yet our understanding of how they cooperate with the immune system remains far from complete. The possible role that immune system plays as a component of the network has only been recognized recently. Octopus Vulgaris is an important member of cephalopods and is considered as a model species, with considerable information about the neuroendocrine and immune systems. In the current review, we anticipate to shed light on the complexity and cross talk among the three systems and how they cooperate in setting physiological response to stresses-stimuli in Octopus Vulgaris as a target species and primary example.
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Characterization of Novel Cytoplasmic PARP in the Brain of Octopus Vulgaris
The Biological bulletin, 2012Co-Authors: Emilia De Lisa, Anna De Maio, Leonid L. Moroz, Francesco Moccia, Maria Rosaria Faraone Mennella, Anna Di CosmoAbstract:Recent investigation has focused on the participation of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) reaction in the invertebrate central nervous system (CNS) during the process of long-term memory (LTM). In this paper, we characterize, localize, and assign a possible role to a cytoplasmic PARP in the brain of Octopus Vulgaris. PARP activity was assayed in optic lobes, supraesophageal mass, and optic nerves. The highest levels of enzyme were found in the cytoplasmic fraction. Hyper-activation of the enzyme was detected in Octopus brain after visual discrimination training. Finally, cytoplasmic PARP was found to inhibit Octopus Vulgaris actin polymerization. We propose that the cytoplasmic PARP plays a role in vivo to induce the cytoskeletonal reorganization that occurs during learning-in
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Progesterone Affects Vitellogenesis in Octopus Vulgaris
The Open Zoology Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Carlo Di Cristo, Marina Paolucci, Anna Di Cosmo, Jin-chywan Gwo, Yung-sen HuangAbstract:The electrophoretic analysis of egg yolk proteins of the mollusc Octopus Vulgaris by both SDS- and native- PAGE, showed two different patterns that mirror the two main periods characterizing the reproductive cycle of the female of Octopus Vulgaris: the non-vitellogenic period (October-February) and the vitellogenic period (March-July). Since dif- ferent levels of progesterone also characterize these stages, we performed in vitro incubations of previtellogenic ovary of Octopus Vulgaris with this steroid in order to clarify its possible involvement in the regulation of egg yolk protein synthe- sis. Treatment of Octopus eggs with progesterone induced the appearance of a 70 kDa protein which cross-reacted with antibodies raised against crab vitellogenin. This protein was further identified as a component of Octopus egg yolk pro- teins of the vitellogenic period. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in the nuclei of follicle cells after treatment with progesterone brought about follicle cell proliferation, suggesting that this hormone may be involved in vitellogeneisis in Octopus.
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Calcium currents correlate with oocyte maturation during the reproductive cycle in Octopus Vulgaris
Journal of experimental zoology. Part A Comparative experimental biology, 2005Co-Authors: Annunziata Cuomo, Carlo Di Cristo, Marina Paolucci, Anna Di Cosmo, Elisabetta TostiAbstract:Using the whole-cell voltage clamp technique, we have studied the Ca2+ currents and the steady-state conductance during different oocyte growth stages and during the reproductive cycle of the female of Octopus Vulgaris. Evidence is presented that L-type Ca2+ currents are high in small pre-vitellogenic oocytes (80-150 microm diameter) and significantly lower in early vitellogenic oocytes (180-300 microm diameter). Similarly, a significant decrease of the steady-state conductance occurred from the pre to early- vitellogenic oocytes. Octopus oocytes showed larger Ca2+ currents in the reproductive rather than non-reproductive periods. These data indicates that ion and L-type Ca2+ currents play a role in oocyte growth and cytoplasmic maturation, and possibly in preparing the plasma membrane to the interaction with the spermatozoon. By using fluorescent microscopy, we show that oocytes from 80 to 400 microm diameter have the large germinal vesicle characteristic of the immature oocytes. In subsequent stages of growth (up to 1000 microm diameter) the nucleus is no more visible and the metaphase spindle appears. These data demonstrate that Octopus Vulgaris oocytes are arrested in the first meiotic prophase up to the early-vitellogenic stage and resume meiosis at this stage up to a second block presumably in metaphase I. We discuss a possible role for progesterone as the hormonal stimulus for the first prophase-metaphase meiotic transition.
G Ciarcia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Progesterone receptor in the reproductive system of the female of Octopus Vulgaris: characterization and immunolocalization.
Molecular reproduction and development, 1998Co-Authors: A Di Cosmo, M Paolucci, C Di Cristo, V Botte, G CiarciaAbstract:In this study for the first time we have characterized a progesterone receptor in the reproductive system of the female of Octopus Vulgaris. Scatchard analysis revealed that one binding component with high affinity and low capacity for the ligand was present only in the nuclear extract. Competition experiments showed that the progesterone receptor was strictly specific for progesterone. DNA-cellulose binding and DEAE-Sephacel both confirmed the presence of one 3H-progesterone binding component which eluted at a salt concentration of 0.14 +/- 0.05 M NaCl and 0.15 +/- 0.05 M NaCl respectively. By using monoclonal antibodies against chicken progesterone receptor (subunits A and B), we have localized on Western Blot one band of about 70 kDa. Immunoreactivity for progesterone binding molecules has been localized in the nuclei of the follicle cells of the ovary, of the proximal portion of the oviduct and of the outer region of the nidimental gland. These data, taken together, provide evidence that in Octopus Vulgaris the progesterone receptor has biochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics resembling those of progesterone receptor in vertebrates.
Ángel Guerra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Morphological and genetic evidence that Octopus Vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 inhabits Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands (southern Indian Ocean)
ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2010Co-Authors: Ángel Guerra, Santiago Pascual, Álvaro Roura, Ángel F. González, Yves Cherel, Marcos Pérez-losadaAbstract:Guerra, A., Roura, A., Gonzalez, A. F., Pascual, S., Cherel, Y., and Perez-Losada, M. 2010. Morphological and genetic evidence that Octopus Vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 inhabits Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands (southern Indian Ocean). - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1401-1407.The coastal Octopus at Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands is Octopus Vulgaris Cuvier 1797. Meristic and morphological characters, along with phylogenetic analysis of COI and COIII DNA sequences, were used to identify 11 animals collected in 2000 or 2001. The range of the species is therefore expanded to include the oceanic islands of the central southern Indian Ocean. The trees also depicted the genus Octopus as polyphyletic and O. Vulgaris sense Cuvier or sensu stricto as monophyletic.
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Spatial distribution pattern of Octopus Vulgaris
Journal of Zoology, 2009Co-Authors: Ángel GuerraAbstract:14 páginas, 5 tablas, 2 figurasThe problem of spatial distribution pattern of Octopus Vulgaris in the northwest coast of\ud Africa is investigated. The influence of growth, reproduction and behaviour on the distributional\ud pattern is discussed.Peer reviewe
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Aggregata octopiana (Protista: Apicomplexa): a dangerous pathogen during commercial Octopus Vulgaris ongrowing
ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2007Co-Authors: Camino Gestal, Ángel Guerra, Santiago PascualAbstract:Gestal, C., Guerra, A., and Pascual, S. 2007. Aggregata octopiana (Protista: Apicomplexa): a dangerous pathogen during commercial Octopus Vulgaris ongrowing. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64.The haemolymph parameters for Octopus Vulgaris and the condition index at molecular level were analysed using RNA/DNA and RNA/protein ratios on animals reared in floating cage systems and naturally infected by the coccidian Aggregata octopiana. Statistical analysis showed that as A. octopiana infection increased, there was a decrease in most inorganic elements and/or in haemocyte concentrations in cellular and/or plasma fractions. Also, the protein concentrations in the haemolymph plasma fraction dropped significantly as the coccidian infection increased. Results suggest that the severity of the infection by A. octopiana is a limiting factor during commercial ongrowing of the common Octopus, at least in floating cage systems. Control measurements are needed in aquaculture to avoid this environmental stressor.
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Reproductive cycle and energy allocation of Octopus Vulgaris in Galician waters, NE Atlantic
Fisheries Research, 2007Co-Authors: Jaime Otero, Ángel F. González, M. Pilar Sieiro, Ángel GuerraAbstract:Abstract Reproductive and energy allocation analyses were performed on 1418 common Octopus (Octopus Vulgaris) from the Galician creel fishery (NE Atlantic) between May 2000 and December 2005. Individuals ranged from 8 to 35 cm dorsal mantle length (DML) and 136–6303 g body weight (BW). The length–weight relationship for whole animals was BW = 2.9(±1.1) × DML2.17(±0.04) (r = 0.86; P
Marina Paolucci - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Progesterone Affects Vitellogenesis in Octopus Vulgaris
The Open Zoology Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Carlo Di Cristo, Marina Paolucci, Anna Di Cosmo, Jin-chywan Gwo, Yung-sen HuangAbstract:The electrophoretic analysis of egg yolk proteins of the mollusc Octopus Vulgaris by both SDS- and native- PAGE, showed two different patterns that mirror the two main periods characterizing the reproductive cycle of the female of Octopus Vulgaris: the non-vitellogenic period (October-February) and the vitellogenic period (March-July). Since dif- ferent levels of progesterone also characterize these stages, we performed in vitro incubations of previtellogenic ovary of Octopus Vulgaris with this steroid in order to clarify its possible involvement in the regulation of egg yolk protein synthe- sis. Treatment of Octopus eggs with progesterone induced the appearance of a 70 kDa protein which cross-reacted with antibodies raised against crab vitellogenin. This protein was further identified as a component of Octopus egg yolk pro- teins of the vitellogenic period. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in the nuclei of follicle cells after treatment with progesterone brought about follicle cell proliferation, suggesting that this hormone may be involved in vitellogeneisis in Octopus.
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Calcium currents correlate with oocyte maturation during the reproductive cycle in Octopus Vulgaris
Journal of experimental zoology. Part A Comparative experimental biology, 2005Co-Authors: Annunziata Cuomo, Carlo Di Cristo, Marina Paolucci, Anna Di Cosmo, Elisabetta TostiAbstract:Using the whole-cell voltage clamp technique, we have studied the Ca2+ currents and the steady-state conductance during different oocyte growth stages and during the reproductive cycle of the female of Octopus Vulgaris. Evidence is presented that L-type Ca2+ currents are high in small pre-vitellogenic oocytes (80-150 microm diameter) and significantly lower in early vitellogenic oocytes (180-300 microm diameter). Similarly, a significant decrease of the steady-state conductance occurred from the pre to early- vitellogenic oocytes. Octopus oocytes showed larger Ca2+ currents in the reproductive rather than non-reproductive periods. These data indicates that ion and L-type Ca2+ currents play a role in oocyte growth and cytoplasmic maturation, and possibly in preparing the plasma membrane to the interaction with the spermatozoon. By using fluorescent microscopy, we show that oocytes from 80 to 400 microm diameter have the large germinal vesicle characteristic of the immature oocytes. In subsequent stages of growth (up to 1000 microm diameter) the nucleus is no more visible and the metaphase spindle appears. These data demonstrate that Octopus Vulgaris oocytes are arrested in the first meiotic prophase up to the early-vitellogenic stage and resume meiosis at this stage up to a second block presumably in metaphase I. We discuss a possible role for progesterone as the hormonal stimulus for the first prophase-metaphase meiotic transition.
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Presence of two neuropeptides in the fusiform ganglion and reproductive ducts of Octopus Vulgaris: FMRFamide and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
The Journal of experimental zoology, 2002Co-Authors: Carlo Di Cristo, Marina Paolucci, José Iglesias, Javier Sanchez, Anna Di CosmoAbstract:We have found evidence of FMRFamide-like and cGnRH-I-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the reproductive ducts of both female and male cephalopod Octopus Vulgaris. Cell bodies and fibers were immunolocalized in the fusiform ganglion from which the nerves that reach the female and male reproductive ducts arise. FMRFamide-like and cGnRH-I-like immunoreactive nerve endings were present in the oviduct, and in the oviducal gland of the female and in the seminal vesicle of the male. The GnRH-like peptide from the reproductive ducts has been partially characterized by HPLC. The retention time of the Octopus Vulgaris GnRH-like peptide was similar to the retention time of cGnRH-I. Based on these observations we suggest that FMRFamide-like and a novel GnRH-like peptide are involved in the control of reproductive ducts of Octopus Vulgaris. One possibility is that the peptides affect gamete transport. Another possibility is that they regulate secretory products such as mucus and mucilaginous substances from the oviducal gland and the seminal vesicle. Our data provide further evidence to support the hypothesis of the existence of a central and peripheral peptidergic control of reproduction of Octopus Vulgaris. J. Exp. Zool. 292:267–276, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Progesterone receptor in the reproductive system of the female of Octopus Vulgaris: characterization and immunolocalization.
Molecular reproduction and development, 2002Co-Authors: Anna Di Cosmo, Carlo Di Cristo, Marina PaolucciAbstract:In this study, for the first time we have identified an estradiol-17beta receptor (ER) in the reproductive system of the female of Octopus Vulgaris. Scatchard analysis revealed that one binding component with high affinity and low capacity for the ligand was present in the cytosol, but not in the nuclear extract of the ovary and the oviduct. A steroid specificity competition assay showed that 3H-estradiol-17beta binding activity showed a preference for estradiol-17beta. DNA-cellulose chromatography confirmed the presence of one 3H-estradiol-17beta binding component. By using antibodies anti ER (578-595), we have localized by Western blotting one band of about 70 kDa. ER immunoreactivity has been localized in the nuclei of the follicle cells of the ovary, in the nuclei of the epithelium lining the proximal portion of the oviduct and in the nuclei, and in the cytoplasm of the inner region of the oviducal gland and in the cytoplasm of the outer region of the oviducal gland. These data, taken together, provide evidence that in Octopus Vulgaris the ER has biochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics resembling those of ER in vertebrates.
