The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
S Degraer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
twenty years of belgian north sea aerial surveillance a quantitative analysis of results confirms effectiveness of international Oil Pollution legislation
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2012Co-Authors: R Lagring, S Degraer, Geraldine De Montpellier, T Jacques, Ward Van Roy, Ronny SchallierAbstract:Over the years many policy measures have been taken to prevent illegal Oil discharges from ships, like the MARPOL 73/78 Convention (1983) and the Bonn Agreement (1969/1983). However, the number of discharges remained high, leading to chronic Oiling of seabirds and sensitive coastlines, therefore further measures were taken. The aim of this study is to quantify the effectiveness of two key legislative regulations: the IMO-designation of the North Sea as MARPOL Special Area which took effect in 1999, and the adoption of the EU Directive on Port Reception Facilities in 2000. Under study is the heavily navigated Belgian Surveillance Area, monitored since 1991, characterised by shallow waters with ecologically important sandbanks. The aerial surveillance data from 1991 to 2010 show a stepwise decrease in ship-source Oil Pollution. Three time periods can be distinguished with two turning points coinciding with the actual implementation of these key legislative measures, confirming their effectiveness.
-
does medium term emersion cause a mass extinction of tidal flat macrobenthos the case of the tricolor Oil Pollution prevention in the zwin nature reserve belgium and the netherlands
Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2006Co-Authors: C Van Colen, Magda Vincx, S DegraerAbstract:As a result of the Tricolor Oil Pollution in the Southern Bight of the North Sea (winter 2003) the Zwin nature reserve, consisting of tidal flats and salt marshes, was blocked from the North Sea by use of a sand barrier. Hence, macrobenthic tidal flat organisms, by nature strongly dependent on the cyclic incoming seawater, were emersed during a period of 27 days. Because the effect of medium-term emersion on the ecologically important benthic life could not be assessed beforehand, the damming was taken as an opportunity to examine these effects. This study demonstrated that: (1) no species vanished due to emersion, (2) although the emersion might have caused some mortality, a mass mortality within the macrobenthos did not occur, and (3) the supra-littoral amphipods Talitrus saltator and Orchestia gammarellus performed a strong, though ephemeral immigration into the intertidal zone during the period of emersion. In view of both its minor impacts on the macrobenthos and its effectiveness in preventing Oil Pollution in the Zwin nature reserve, damming as a measure against Oil Pollution may be considered effective protection, especially during winter.
-
the choice between keeping out chronic Pollution versus acute mortality due to emersion the case of the tricolor Oil Pollution prevention in the zwin nature reserve belgium
VLIZ Special Publication, 2005Co-Authors: C Van Colen, Magda Vincx, S DegraerAbstract:As a result of the impending Tricolor Oil Pollution in the Southern Bight of the North Sea the Zwin nature reserve was blocked from the North Sea by use of a sandbarrier. This method of protection has an important consequence for tidal flat ecosystems: the absence of the tide. The effects on the ecological very important bottom-life of the tidal flats could not be estimated beforehand. All species that were present before the damming up were still present afterwards. During the emersion period Talitrus saltator and Orchestia gammarellus were found in high densities while these species were absent before and after the emersion. Strikingly was the strong decline in abundance of all species which were present in high densities in a sampling station and the abundance of Aphelochaeta marioni and Pygospio elegans declining in all sampling stations during the period of emersion.
Olga Lavrova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Oil Pollution in the northern red sea a threat to the marine environment and tourism development
2020Co-Authors: Evgeniia A Kostianaia, Olga Lavrova, Andrey G Kostianoy, Dmitry M SolovievAbstract:The chapter briefly describes the development of the coastal tourism in Egypt, shipping activities connected to the passage using the Suez Canal, crude Oil delivery to Oil terminals, and development of Oil fields in the northern part of the Red Sea. The main shipping routes going along the Egyptian coastline and tourist resort areas in the Red Sea with intense traffic, as well as drilling at offshore Oil fields represent a threat to the unique marine environment. Since the 1970s, there have been a number of cases of Oil Pollution in the region, which seriously affected its coastline and coral reefs. Intensification of the ship traffic through the Suez Canal has led to an increase in the frequency of Oil Pollution events during the past decades. The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency and environmentalists state that today, at the shores from Ismailia to Hurghada, small-size Oil spills occur almost monthly. Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery for 2018 and 2019 clearly reveal cases of Oil Pollution in the Port of Suez, as well in the areas of major tourist resorts of Egypt. Satellite imagery (Sea Surface Temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration, and water turbidity) of the northern part of the Red Sea for May–June 2017 showed the presence of intense cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies of 50–100 km, as well as dipoles and large-scale intrusions of relatively warm and cold waters propagating along and across the axis of the Red Sea. It is evident that this mesoscale water dynamics is a major driver for all kinds of Pollution transfer in the sea, and in the regions of main tourist resorts of Egypt, in particular. Thus, the establishment of permanent satellite monitoring of Oil Pollution and water dynamics in the Northern Red Sea is of vital importance to avoid potential catastrophes resulted from large Oil spills, and for sustainable development of coastal tourism business in Egypt.
-
Satellite survey of inner seas: Oil Pollution in the Black and Caspian Seas
Remote Sensing, 2016Co-Authors: Marina Mityagina, Olga LavrovaAbstract:The paper discusses our studies of Oil Pollution in the Black and Caspian Seas. The research was based on a multi-sensor approach on satellite survey data. A combined analysis of Oil film signatures in satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical imagery was performed. Maps of Oil spills detected in satellite imagery of the whole aquatic area of the Black Sea and the Middle and the Southern Caspian Sea are created. Areas of the heaviest Pollution are outlined. It is shown that the main types of sea surface Oil Pollution are ship discharges and natural marine hydrocarbon seepages. For each type of Pollution and each sea, regions of regular Pollution occurrence were determined, polluted areas were estimated, and specific manifestation features were revealed. Long-term observations demonstrate that in recent years, illegal wastewater discharges into the Black Sea have become very common, which raises serious environmental issues. Manifestations of seabed hydrocarbon seepages were also detected in the Black Sea, primarily in its eastern part. The patterns of surface Oil Pollution of the Caspian Sea differ considerably from those observed in the Black Sea. They are largely determined by presence of big seabed Oil and gas deposits. The dependence of surface Oil SAR signatures on wind/wave conditions is discussed. The impact of dynamic and circulation processes on Oil films drift and spread is investigated. A large amount of the data available allowed us to make some generalizations and obtain statistically significant results on spatial and temporal variability of various surface film manifestations.The examples and numerical data we provide on ship spills and seabed seepages reflect the influence of the Pollution on the sea environment.
-
satellite monitoring of Oil Pollution in the southeastern baltic sea
2013Co-Authors: Andrey G Kostianoy, Olga Lavrova, M I Mityagina, Dmytro M Solovyov, Sergey A LebedevAbstract:The chapter shows the examples and results of satellite monitoring of Oil Pollution in the Southeastern Baltic Sea obtained in 2004–2012. The beginning of this work was initiated by “LUKOil-Kaliningradmorneft” in relation to installation of the D-6 offshore platform and production of Oil in spring 2004. The results clearly show that the Southeastern Baltic Sea is highly polluted by Oil products, and that this is related to intense shipping activities in the region. No Pollution in the vicinity of the D-6 Oil platform was detected during these years. Interannual variability of the number and surface of Oil spills, as well as their seasonal and diurnal variability is discussed. The problem of transboundary Oil Pollution transport between EEZs of Poland, Russia, and Lithuania is highlighted.
Marti Ortamartinez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Oil Pollution in sOils and sediments from the northern peruvian amazon
Science of The Total Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Antoni Rosellmele, Nuria Moraledacibrian, Mar Cartrosabate, Ferran Colomerventura, Pedro Mayor, Marti OrtamartinezAbstract:Oil has been extracted from the Northern Peruvian Amazon for over four decades. However, few scientific studies have assessed the impacts of such activities in the environment and health of indigenous communities in the region. We have investigated the occurrence of petrogenic hydrocarbon Pollution in sOils and sediments from areas favoured as hunting or fishing grounds by local indigenous inhabitants. The study was conducted in one of the most productive Oil blocks in Peru, located in the headwaters of the Amazon river. SOils and river sediments, in the vicinity of Oil extraction and processing infrastructure, contained an Oil Pollution signature as attested by the occurrence of hopanes and steranes. Given the lack of any other significant source of Oil Pollution in the region, the sources of hydrocarbons are likely to be the activities of the Oil industry in the Oil block, from voluntary discharges or accidental spills. Spillage of produced water was commonplace until 2009. Moreover, petrogenic compounds were absent in control samples in sites far removed from any Oil infrastructure in the Oil block. Our findings suggest that wildlife and indigenous populations in this region of the Amazon are exposed to the ingestion of Oil polluted sOils and sediments. The data obtained supports previous claims that the local spillage of Oil and produced waters in the water courses in the Corrientes and Pastaza basins could have eventually reached the main water course of the Amazon.
C Van Colen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
does medium term emersion cause a mass extinction of tidal flat macrobenthos the case of the tricolor Oil Pollution prevention in the zwin nature reserve belgium and the netherlands
Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2006Co-Authors: C Van Colen, Magda Vincx, S DegraerAbstract:As a result of the Tricolor Oil Pollution in the Southern Bight of the North Sea (winter 2003) the Zwin nature reserve, consisting of tidal flats and salt marshes, was blocked from the North Sea by use of a sand barrier. Hence, macrobenthic tidal flat organisms, by nature strongly dependent on the cyclic incoming seawater, were emersed during a period of 27 days. Because the effect of medium-term emersion on the ecologically important benthic life could not be assessed beforehand, the damming was taken as an opportunity to examine these effects. This study demonstrated that: (1) no species vanished due to emersion, (2) although the emersion might have caused some mortality, a mass mortality within the macrobenthos did not occur, and (3) the supra-littoral amphipods Talitrus saltator and Orchestia gammarellus performed a strong, though ephemeral immigration into the intertidal zone during the period of emersion. In view of both its minor impacts on the macrobenthos and its effectiveness in preventing Oil Pollution in the Zwin nature reserve, damming as a measure against Oil Pollution may be considered effective protection, especially during winter.
-
the choice between keeping out chronic Pollution versus acute mortality due to emersion the case of the tricolor Oil Pollution prevention in the zwin nature reserve belgium
VLIZ Special Publication, 2005Co-Authors: C Van Colen, Magda Vincx, S DegraerAbstract:As a result of the impending Tricolor Oil Pollution in the Southern Bight of the North Sea the Zwin nature reserve was blocked from the North Sea by use of a sandbarrier. This method of protection has an important consequence for tidal flat ecosystems: the absence of the tide. The effects on the ecological very important bottom-life of the tidal flats could not be estimated beforehand. All species that were present before the damming up were still present afterwards. During the emersion period Talitrus saltator and Orchestia gammarellus were found in high densities while these species were absent before and after the emersion. Strikingly was the strong decline in abundance of all species which were present in high densities in a sampling station and the abundance of Aphelochaeta marioni and Pygospio elegans declining in all sampling stations during the period of emersion.
Bjorn Munro Jenssen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
review article effects of Oil Pollution chemically treated Oil and cleaning on thermal balance of birds
Environmental Pollution, 1994Co-Authors: Bjorn Munro JenssenAbstract:The acute effect of Oil Pollution on birds is on their thermal balance. Oil adheres to the plumage and causes a reduction in water repellant properties of the plumage, causing water to penetrate into the plumage to displace the insulating layer of air. The effect of Oil on the plumage insulation is dose-dependent. The effect of Oiling is greatly enhanced when the Oil is spread in the plumage due to preening. In water, plumage Oiling may cause the heat loss to exceed the bird's heat production capacity, resulting in hypothermia. If the Oiled bird is ashore, with a dry plumage, it may have a normal thermal insulation. Bird species dependent upon feeding in water (such as diving birds) are therefore much more susceptible to the harmful effects of Oil Pollution than are semi-aquatic species that can feed ashore. It is possible to restore the water-repelling and insulative properties of the plumage by the process of cleaning if all the Oil and soap is removed, and if the plumage is completely dry. Chemical treatment of Oil has been suggested as a way to reduce the impact of Oil spills on avian life. However, very few reports seem to have addressed the effects of chemically treated Oil on the thermal balance of birds, and the results from one study actually indicate that Oil treated with dispersants may be more harmful to birds than Oil. The urgent need for more information about the effects of chemically treated Oil on aquatic birds is therefore stressed.
