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M. T. Ramesan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chlorinated styrene butadiene rubber/ zinc sulfide: novel nanocomposites with unique properties- structural, flame retardant, transport and dielectric properties
    Journal of Polymer Research, 2018
    Co-Authors: V. C. Jasna, T. Anilkumar, Adarsh A. Naik, M. T. Ramesan
    Abstract:

    Chlorinated styrene butadiene rubber (Cl-SBR)/ zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanocomposites were prepared by a simple two-roll mill mixing technique. The interaction between the ZnS nanoparticles and Cl-SBR was assessed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dielectric constant, Oil Resistance, flame retardancy and the transport properties of nanocomposites with aromatic hydrocarbons were also analyzed with special attention to the loading of nanoparticles. The spectroscopic studies revealed the existence of a strong interfacial interaction between rubber chain and ZnS nanoparticles. TEM analysis showed the attachment of ZnS nanoparticles in the chlorinated SBR having nanosize region. SEM and XRD showed the uniform arrangement of nanoparticles in the elastomeric network. The presence of ZnS nanoparticles in the rubber matrix was confirmed through EDX spectroscopy. The thermal stability, flame retardancy and Oil Resistance properties of the nanocomposites were significantly enhanced by the addition of nanoparticles. Composite with 7 phr loading showed the maximum dielectric constant and beyond this loading, the dielectric property decreased due to the agglomeration of nanoparticles. Transport behavior of nanocomposites in benzene, toluene and xylene were analyzed in the temperature range of 27 to 70 °C. Swelling parameters such as rate constant, sorption, diffusion, and permeation coefficient were estimated. The mechanism of transport of the aromatic solvents in the filled Cl-SBR was found to be following anomalous mode. Temperature dependence of diffusion was used to study the activation parameters of the prepared samples.

  • Flammability, Oil Resistance, and Interaction of Petroleum Fuels with Dichlorocarbene Modified Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Fly Ash Composites
    Petroleum Science and Technology, 2014
    Co-Authors: M. T. Ramesan
    Abstract:

    The interaction of fly ash (FA) on dichlorocarbene modified styrene butadiene rubber (DCSBR) is evaluated with reference to their flame and Oil Resistance. Flame and Oil Resistance of the composite increased progressively with increasing filler content in DCSBR. The barrier properties of these composites are examined in an atmosphere of petrol, diesel and kerosene. The solvent uptake nature of composite is found to be much reduced. The solvent uptake is minimum for composites with 30 phr filler and increased with increasing filler content, which is presumably due to aggregation of filler at higher loading; activation parameters are also estimated.

  • Effect of fly ash on thermal stability, flammability, Oil Resistance and transport properties of chlorinated styrene butadiene rubber composites
    Journal of Elastomers and Plastics, 2013
    Co-Authors: M. T. Ramesan
    Abstract:

    Fly ash (FA) can be used as a filler in rubber vulcanizates to get rid off their waste. Polymer composite based on chlorinated styrene butadiene rubber (CSBR)/containing varying amount of FA composites has been developed by melt compounding followed by dicumyl peroxide vulcanization. The influence of increased loading of FA on the cure characteristics, mechanical properties, thermal stability, flame and Oil Resistance has been investigated. The increase in FA loading in CSBR matrices has been found to accelerate the curing process up to 37% compared to unfilled sample. The uniform distribution of FA in CSBR has been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, which also explained the improved mechanical properties, flame and Oil Resistance of the composites. The diffusion rate of aromatic hydrocarbon solvents through the composite film is minimum for composites with 30 phr of filler and the rate is increased with increasing the filler content. Activation parameters are estimated and the molecular mass is c...

  • Thermogravimetric analysis, flammability and Oil Resistance properties in natural rubber and dichlorocarbene modified styrene butadiene rubber blends
    Reactive & Functional Polymers, 2004
    Co-Authors: M. T. Ramesan
    Abstract:

    Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), flammability and Oil Resistance in natural rubber (NR) and dichlorocarbene modified styrene butadiene rubber (DCSBR) blends were investigated as a function of different composition. TGA plot confirms the better thermal stability and flame Resistance of DCSBR as well as its blends with NR. The simultaneous difference temperature plot showed the energy requirement for the degradation pattern of the blends. The flammability of the blend was monitored by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement of the rubber vulcanizate. The amount of DCSBR in the blend significantly affected the properties of blends. The mechanical properties investigated after the immersion in ASTM Oil was tensile strength, modulus, tear strength and hardness. It was found that these properties were decreases progressively with increasing NR content in the blends.

H. M. Hairunezam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Hanafi Ismail - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Chakrit Sirisinha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fly ash particles and precipitated silica as fillers in rubbers. III. Cure characteristics and mechanical and Oil‐Resistance properties of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2008
    Co-Authors: Narongrit Sombatsompop, Ekachai Wimolmala, Chakrit Sirisinha
    Abstract:

    This study investigated the cure characteristics, mechanical properties, and Oil Resistance of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) filled with 60 phr carbon black (CB) and different amounts of silica from fly ash [fly ash silica (FASi)] and precipitated silica (PSi). Loadings of CB and PSi silica in NBR vulcanizates reduced the scorch and cure times. An increase in the cure time of FASi–CB–NBR vulcanizates was probably caused by an interaction between the polarity of NBR and the metal oxide activators in FASi, which could retard the curing. The tensile modulus of NBR vulcanizates increased with the addition of CB and silica fillers and with immersion in hydraulic Oil at 125°C. CB exhibited a more pronounced effect on the NBR reinforcement versus the PSi and FASi fillers. The tensile and tear strengths and elongation at break decreased under thermal aging in hydraulic Oil. The PSi system showed better reinforcement of CB–NBR vulcanizates than the FASi system. The hardness of NBR vulcanizates increased with CB and silica. The results in this work suggest that silica from fly ash particles could be used as an extender for cost savings in NBR compounds. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

  • Relationship among phase morphology, Oil Resistance, and thermal aging properties in CPE/NR blends: Effect of blending conditions
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2003
    Co-Authors: Chakrit Sirisinha, Jantagarn Guaysomboon
    Abstract:

    The CPE/NR blends with blend ratio of 50/50% by weight were prepared with various blending conditions. The Resistance to Oil and thermal aging of the blends was investigated and correlated with phase morphology. The NR dispersed phase size in blends was found to decrease with increasing rotor speed up to 45 rpm and subsequently level off at higher rotor speeds. With increasing mixing time at a given rotor speed, NR dispersed phase size reached a minimum and increased again with a further increase in mixing time, caused by domain breakup and phase coalescence, respectively. In addition, the results revealed a strong relationship between NR phase size and Resistances to Oil as well as thermal aging, that is, the smaller the dispersed phase size, the higher the Oil Resistance and the thermal aging properties. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 4038–4046, 2003

  • Effects of fillers, maleated ethylene propylene diene diene rubber, and maleated ethylene octene copolymer on phase morphology and Oil Resistance in natural rubber/nitrile rubber blends
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2003
    Co-Authors: Chakrit Sirisinha, Sauvarop Limcharoen, Jarunee Thunyarittikorn
    Abstract:

    The phase morphology and Oil Resistance of 20/80 NR/NBR blends filled with different types of fillers and copolymers were investigated. In the case of filler effect, N220, N330, and N660 carbon blacks with different particle sizes were used. Additionally, the blends filled with nonblack-reinforcing fillers, that is, precipitated and silane-treated silica, were investigated. To study the compatibilization effect, maleated ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM-g-MA) and maleated ethylene octene copolymer (EOR-g-MA) were added to the blends. The results revealed that the addition of filler, either carbon black or silica, to the blend caused a drastic decrease in NR dispersed phase size. Carbon blacks with different particle sizes did not produce any significant difference in NR dispersed phase size under the optical microscope. Silica-filled blends showed lower Resistance to Oil than did the carbon black–filled blends. In addition, it was determined that neither EOR-g-MA nor EPDM-g-MA could act as a compatibilizer for the blend system studied. The Oil Resistance of the blends with EPDM-g-MA is strongly affected by the overall polarity of the blend. In the case of EOR-g-MA, the Oil Resistance of the blends is significantly governed by both overall polarity of the blend and phase morphology. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1156–1162, 2003

  • Oil Resistance controlled by phase morphology in natural rubber/nitrile rubber blends
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Chakrit Sirisinha, Sauvarop Limcharoen, Jarunee Thunyarittikorn
    Abstract:

    Rheological properties, morphology, and Oil Resistance in natural rubber (NR)/nitrile rubber (NBR) blends were investigated as functions of blending conditions and viscosity ratios of the blends. As for the blending condition effects, Mooney viscosity of the blends depended more strongly on blending time than rotor speed. Size of the NR dispersed phase was approximately independent of rotor speed but decreased with increasing blending time up to 25 min. As blending time further increased, NR dispersed phase size increased. The results of relative tensile strength, which is an indicator for Oil Resistance, in this study were in agreement with those of the blend morphology, indicating that the Oil Resistance in 20/80 NR/NBR blend depended strongly on the phase morphology of the blend. The smaller the size of NR dispersed phase was, the higher was the Resistance to Oil of the blend. However, a decrease in the size of the dispersed phase by the modification of the viscosity ratio via the use of low-molecular-weight rubber (i.e., liquid natural rubber and epoxidized liquid natural rubber) did not result in an improvement in the Oil Resistance.

  • Mechanical properties, Oil Resistance, and thermal aging properties in chlorinated polyethylene/natural rubber blends
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Chakrit Sirisinha, Jantagarn Guaysomboon
    Abstract:

    The use of natural rubber (NR) for partly substituting elastomeric chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) was determined. Mechanical and thermal aging properties as well as Oil Resistance of the blends were also investigated. The amount of NR in blends significantly affected the properties of the blends. The blends with NR content up to 50 wt % possessed similar tensile strength to that of pure CPE even after Oil immersion or thermal aging. Modulus and hardness of the blends appeared to decrease progressively with increasing NR content. These properties also decreased in blends after thermal aging. After Oil immersion, hardness decreased significantly for the blends with high NR content, whereas no change in modulus was observed. The dynamic mechanical properties were determined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. NR and CPE showed damping peaks at about −40 and 4 °c, respectively; these values correlate with the glass-transition temperatures (Tg) of NR and CPE, respectively. The shift in the Tg values was observed after blending, suggesting an interfacial interaction between the two phases probably caused by the co-vulcanization in CPE/NR blends. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 22–28, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10171

K.n. Abdel-nour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Preparation and characterization of butyl/NBR vulcanizates
    Polymer Degradation and Stability, 1998
    Co-Authors: S. H. Botros, K.n. Abdel-nour
    Abstract:

    To obtain rubber compounds with satisfactory thermal and Oil Resistance properties, blends of butyl rubber (IIR) with nitrile rubber (NBR) were prepared on a laboratory open mill. Cure behaviour of the blends, physico-mechanical properties and ageing and Oil Resistance properties of the vulcanizates were determined. For electric insulation application, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and tan δ were measured. The results indicate that the vulcanizates of IIR/NBR blends of the ratios (70:30), (30:70) and (20:80), show superior thermal stability upon ageing, compared to individual rubbers and other blend compositions. Blending of IIR with NBR (main component) improves swelling behaviour of NBR in brake fluid and toluene. However, blending of NBR with IIR (main component) improves swelling Resistance of IIR in motor Oil and gasoline. Thus, the results obtained reveal effective improvement in thermal and Oil Resistance upon blending.

  • Preparation and characterization of butyl/NBR vulcanizates
    Polymer Degradation and Stability, 1998
    Co-Authors: Samir H. Botros, K.n. Abdel-nour
    Abstract:

    To obtain rubber compounds with satisfactory thermal and Oil Resistance properties, blends of butyl rubber (IIR) with nitrile rubber (NBR) were prepared on a laboratory open mill. Cure behaviour of the blends, physico-mechanical properties and ageing and Oil Resistance properties of the vulcanizates were determined. For electric insulation application, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and tan δ were measured. The results indicate that the vulcanizates of IIR/NBR blends of the ratios (70:30), (30:70) and (20:80), show superior thermal stability upon ageing, compared to individual rubbers and other blend compositions. Blending of IIR with NBR (main component) improves swelling behaviour of NBR in brake fluid and toluene. However, blending of NBR with IIR (main component) improves swelling Resistance of IIR in motor Oil and gasoline. Thus, the results obtained reveal effective improvement in thermal and Oil Resistance upon blending. © 1998 Elsevier Science Limited. All rights reserved.