The Experts below are selected from a list of 108 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Terry J. Gentry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fungal Community Structural and Microbial Functional Pattern Changes After Soil Amendments by Oilseed Meals of Jatropha curcas and Camelina sativa: A Microcosm Study
Frontiers Media S.A., 2019Co-Authors: Autumn S. Wang, Anilkumar C. Somenahally, Frank M. Hons, Terry J. GentryAbstract:The Meals after oil extraction from many Oilseed crops have nutrition and biofumigation potential for land application. Oilseed Meal (SM) from the dedicated bioenergy crop Jatropha curcas were implicated to contain compounds that have antibacterial properties on some soil pathogens. However, little is known about its effect on non-targeted soil microbial community, especially on fungi. SM from Camelina sativa contains moderate level of glucosinolates (GLS) and was under studied. To investigate soil fungal community responses to jatropha and camelina SMs, we conducted a lab based microcosm study, amending soil with 1% SMs of jatropha, camelina, flax, and biomass of wheat straw. Fungal community abundance and structure were analyzed based on the ITS region using qPCR and tag-pyrosequencing. Microbial functional changes were examined by community level physiological profile (CLPP) using Biolog assay. Both SMs from jatropha and camelina showed biofumigant properties and inhibited fungal proliferation. Jatropha SM significantly altered soil fungal community structures with lower fungal biodiversity and higher Chaetomium composition. Camelina SM amended soil promoted Fusarium proliferation. CLPP indicated sequential hierarchy for C metabolism in the Oilseed-amended microcosms was generally complex C > phosphate-associated C > carboxylic acids > carbohydrates > amines > amino acids. No significant difference in CLPP was detected due to the type of SM treatment. Our data indicate that both SMs of jatropha and camelina have biofumigant properties and can differentially impact soil microbial communities, and the changes were relatively persistent over time. Microbial functional patterns on the other side were not impacted by SM type. Our study revealed biofumigant and nutritional influence of SMs from dedicated biofuel plants on soil microbial community. This information will help properly using jatropha and camelina SMs for pathogen control while minimizing their negative impacts on non-target microorganisms. However, further studies in the field are demanded to investigate their influences in real practice
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Data_Sheet_1_Fungal Community Structural and Microbial Functional Pattern Changes After Soil Amendments by Oilseed Meals of Jatropha curcas and Camelina sativa: A Microcosm Study.docx
2019Co-Authors: Emily B. Hollister, Autumn S. Wang, Anilkumar C. Somenahally, Frank M. Hons, Terry J. GentryAbstract:The Meals after oil extraction from many Oilseed crops have nutrition and biofumigation potential for land application. Oilseed Meal (SM) from the dedicated bioenergy crop Jatropha curcas were implicated to contain compounds that have antibacterial properties on some soil pathogens. However, little is known about its effect on non-targeted soil microbial community, especially on fungi. SM from Camelina sativa contains moderate level of glucosinolates (GLS) and was under studied. To investigate soil fungal community responses to jatropha and camelina SMs, we conducted a lab based microcosm study, amending soil with 1% SMs of jatropha, camelina, flax, and biomass of wheat straw. Fungal community abundance and structure were analyzed based on the ITS region using qPCR and tag-pyrosequencing. Microbial functional changes were examined by community level physiological profile (CLPP) using Biolog assay. Both SMs from jatropha and camelina showed biofumigant properties and inhibited fungal proliferation. Jatropha SM significantly altered soil fungal community structures with lower fungal biodiversity and higher Chaetomium composition. Camelina SM amended soil promoted Fusarium proliferation. CLPP indicated sequential hierarchy for C metabolism in the Oilseed-amended microcosms was generally complex C > phosphate-associated C > carboxylic acids > carbohydrates > amines > amino acids. No significant difference in CLPP was detected due to the type of SM treatment. Our data indicate that both SMs of jatropha and camelina have biofumigant properties and can differentially impact soil microbial communities, and the changes were relatively persistent over time. Microbial functional patterns on the other side were not impacted by SM type. Our study revealed biofumigant and nutritional influence of SMs from dedicated biofuel plants on soil microbial community. This information will help properly using jatropha and camelina SMs for pathogen control while minimizing their negative impacts on non-target microorganisms. However, further studies in the field are demanded to investigate their influences in real practice.
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Oilseed Meal effects on the emergence and survival of crop and weed species
Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2012Co-Authors: Katie L Rothlisberger, Frank M. Hons, Terry J. Gentry, Scott A SensemanAbstract:Oilseed crops are being widely evaluated for potential biodiesel production. Seed Meal (SM) remaining after extracting oil may have use as bioherbicides or organic fertilizers. Brassicaceae SM often contains glucosinolates that hydrolyze into biologically active compounds that may inhibit various pests. Jatropha curcas SM contains curcin, a phytoxin. A 14-day greenhouse study determined that Sinapis alba (white mustard), Brassica juncea (Indian mustard), Camelina sativa, and Jatropha curcas applied to soil at varying application rates [0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5% (w/w)] and incubation times (1, 7, and 14 d) prior to planting affected seed emergence and seedling survival of cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)], sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). With each species, emergence and survival was most decreased by 2.5% SM application applied at 1 and 7 d incubations. White mustard SM incubated for 1 d applied at low and high rates had similar negative effects on johnsongrass seedlings. Redroot pigweed seedling survival was generally most decreased by all 2.5% SM applications. Based on significant effects determined by ANOVA, results suggested that the type, rate, and timing of SM application should be considered before land-applying SMs in cropping systems.
Francis Frédéric - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enrichissement en ω3 de prépupes d’Hermetia illucens à partir de co-produits d’oléagineuses
2019Co-Authors: Hoc Bertrand, Caparros Megido Rudy, Francis FrédéricAbstract:Belgian fish farmers from the Walloon region are currently looking for alternative feed sources as they mainly produce rainbow trout, a carnivorous species with high protein and lipids requirement. Among the available new feed sources, Hermetia illucens (L. 1758) is a promising insect species with a polyphagous diet, a fast larvae growth rate and a short life cycle. Moreover, several studies have shown that the larvae composition in macronutrients is function of their diet and could be manipulated. The current compo-sition of H. illucens larvae is characterized by a high-saturated fatty acids level (± 76%) with mainly lauric acid (± 55%) and do not meet the nutritional requirements of trout. The objective of this study was to adjust the profile in polyunsaturated fatty acids of H. illu-cens larvae by manipulating their diets. Nevertheless, the legislation governing insect rearing is constantly evolving but remains restrictive concerning the allowed feed ingredi-ents for insect development. Consequently, this study focused on diet formulation from local plant co-products to reduce the ecological footprint of insect and fish productions. Considering the seasonality and low-fat content of the co-products, the diet formulations were supplemented with Oilseed Meal cakes. An experimental rearing has been devel-oped and nutrition tests were conducted. After selecting populations (100 individu-als/population) of young H. illucens larvae (± 0.01 g), different diets enriched with flax and two rapeseed Meal cake (chemical vs mechanical extraction) were tested in a con-trolled environment (60% relative humidity - 27 °C). Six incorporation rates per Meal cake (10 - 20 - 40 - 60 - 80 - 100%) were tested in triplicate (n = 3). The larvae were col-lected at prepupal stage and each population were lyophilized and cold ground into flour. Lipids from prepupae flours were extracted by Folch's method while fatty acids have been esterified and analyzed by gas chromatography. Protein and ash levels were also quantified respectively by Dumas’ method and combustion. The proportions between saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were specifically evaluat-ed as well as the percentage of α-linolenic acid (ALA - C18: 3Ꙍ3). The incorporation of Meal cake has reduced the ratio SFA/UFA from 4.11 to 1.44 and increased ALA per-centage from 0.72 to 15.83. The increase in the proportion of UFA in H. illucens prepupae flour should allow an increase of their incorporation in artificial diets for rainbow trout.Peer reviewe
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Enrichissement en ω3 de prépupes d’Hermetia illucens à partir de co-produits d’oléagineuses
2019Co-Authors: Hoc Bertrand, Caparros Megido Rudy, Francis FrédéricAbstract:peer reviewedaudience: researcher, professional, student, popularization, otherBelgian fish farmers from the Walloon region are currently looking for alternative feed sources as they mainly produce rainbow trout, a carnivorous species with high protein and lipids requirement. Among the available new feed sources, Hermetia illucens (L. 1758) is a promising insect species with a polyphagous diet, a fast larvae growth rate and a short life cycle. Moreover, several studies have shown that the larvae composition in macronutrients is function of their diet and could be manipulated. The current compo-sition of H. illucens larvae is characterized by a high-saturated fatty acids level (± 76%) with mainly lauric acid (± 55%) and do not meet the nutritional requirements of trout. The objective of this study was to adjust the profile in polyunsaturated fatty acids of H. illu-cens larvae by manipulating their diets. Nevertheless, the legislation governing insect rearing is constantly evolving but remains restrictive concerning the allowed feed ingredi-ents for insect development. Consequently, this study focused on diet formulation from local plant co-products to reduce the ecological footprint of insect and fish productions. Considering the seasonality and low-fat content of the co-products, the diet formulations were supplemented with Oilseed Meal cakes. An experimental rearing has been devel-oped and nutrition tests were conducted. After selecting populations (100 individu-als/population) of young H. illucens larvae (± 0.01 g), different diets enriched with flax and two rapeseed Meal cake (chemical vs mechanical extraction) were tested in a con-trolled environment (60% relative humidity - 27 °C). Six incorporation rates per Meal cake (10 - 20 - 40 - 60 - 80 - 100%) were tested in triplicate (n = 3). The larvae were col-lected at prepupal stage and each population were lyophilized and cold ground into flour. Lipids from prepupae flours were extracted by Folch's method while fatty acids have been esterified and analyzed by gas chromatography. Protein and ash levels were also quantified respectively by Dumas’ method and combustion. The proportions between saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were specifically evaluat-ed as well as the percentage of α-linolenic acid (ALA - C18: 3Ꙍ3). The incorporation of Meal cake has reduced the ratio SFA/UFA from 4.11 to 1.44 and increased ALA per-centage from 0.72 to 15.83. The increase in the proportion of UFA in H. illucens prepupae flour should allow an increase of their incorporation in artificial diets for rainbow trout.INSEC
Lorenzo Davino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of defatted Oilseed Meals applied as organic fertilizers on vegetable crop production and environmental impact
Industrial Crops and Products, 2015Co-Authors: M Mazzoncini, Daniele Antichi, Silvia Tavarini, Nicola Silvestri, Luca Lazzeri, Lorenzo DavinoAbstract:Abstract Defatted Oilseed Meals from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and some Brassica species have a well known economic value as feed for animals, whilst their value as organic nitrogen fertilizers has been not fully explored so far. Compared to sunflower, the seed Meals of Brassica species are reported to have a potentially higher capacity of nutrient supply, due to their lower content of indigestible fiber. The high content of glucosinolates may conversely reduce the availability of nitrogen, because of their inhibitory effect on nitrification processes. In this lysimetric study we compared the effect of the application of three seed Meals: partially defatted Meals of sunflower and of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun), and completed defatted Meal of sunflower on the yield and N utilization of three vegetable crops (lettuce, chard and spinach), compared to an unfertilized control and one fertilized with ammonium nitrate. Furthermore, we also investigated the residual effect of fertility of Oilseed Meal application on winter barley and fallow. Both sunflower Meals revealed a fertilization effect comparable to that of the mineral fertilizer, whilst B. carinata Meal reduced the yields of chard and spinach, due to low N availability as shown by the lower N use efficiency index. We argue that this lower efficacy of B. carinata Meal was due to the technique of the application of the Meal, that might have produced a high concentration of glucosinolates in the soil layer explored by roots, concurrently determining a significant impact on soil biota and direct phytotoxicity phenomena. A relevant part of the N applied with fertilizers was not absorbed by the three vegetables and hence accumulated in the soil. Despite the high values of unabsorbed soil N in the plots fertilized with Oilseed Meals, nitrate leaching was lower than with ammonium nitrate. The impact on global warming potential of fertilization with defatted Oilseed Meals was assessed and shown to be lower than or comparable to the impact of the synthetic fertilizer. In particular, defatted sunflower Meals caused a lower impact per hectare and total biomass, and a similar impact per fresh marketable product. Overall, our findings confirmed the high value of Oilseed Meals as a sustainable alternative to mineral fertilizers. However, their efficacy strongly depends on the technique of application to the soil.
Hoc Bertrand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enrichissement en ω3 de prépupes d’Hermetia illucens à partir de co-produits d’oléagineuses
2019Co-Authors: Hoc Bertrand, Caparros Megido Rudy, Francis FrédéricAbstract:Belgian fish farmers from the Walloon region are currently looking for alternative feed sources as they mainly produce rainbow trout, a carnivorous species with high protein and lipids requirement. Among the available new feed sources, Hermetia illucens (L. 1758) is a promising insect species with a polyphagous diet, a fast larvae growth rate and a short life cycle. Moreover, several studies have shown that the larvae composition in macronutrients is function of their diet and could be manipulated. The current compo-sition of H. illucens larvae is characterized by a high-saturated fatty acids level (± 76%) with mainly lauric acid (± 55%) and do not meet the nutritional requirements of trout. The objective of this study was to adjust the profile in polyunsaturated fatty acids of H. illu-cens larvae by manipulating their diets. Nevertheless, the legislation governing insect rearing is constantly evolving but remains restrictive concerning the allowed feed ingredi-ents for insect development. Consequently, this study focused on diet formulation from local plant co-products to reduce the ecological footprint of insect and fish productions. Considering the seasonality and low-fat content of the co-products, the diet formulations were supplemented with Oilseed Meal cakes. An experimental rearing has been devel-oped and nutrition tests were conducted. After selecting populations (100 individu-als/population) of young H. illucens larvae (± 0.01 g), different diets enriched with flax and two rapeseed Meal cake (chemical vs mechanical extraction) were tested in a con-trolled environment (60% relative humidity - 27 °C). Six incorporation rates per Meal cake (10 - 20 - 40 - 60 - 80 - 100%) were tested in triplicate (n = 3). The larvae were col-lected at prepupal stage and each population were lyophilized and cold ground into flour. Lipids from prepupae flours were extracted by Folch's method while fatty acids have been esterified and analyzed by gas chromatography. Protein and ash levels were also quantified respectively by Dumas’ method and combustion. The proportions between saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were specifically evaluat-ed as well as the percentage of α-linolenic acid (ALA - C18: 3Ꙍ3). The incorporation of Meal cake has reduced the ratio SFA/UFA from 4.11 to 1.44 and increased ALA per-centage from 0.72 to 15.83. The increase in the proportion of UFA in H. illucens prepupae flour should allow an increase of their incorporation in artificial diets for rainbow trout.Peer reviewe
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Enrichissement en ω3 de prépupes d’Hermetia illucens à partir de co-produits d’oléagineuses
2019Co-Authors: Hoc Bertrand, Caparros Megido Rudy, Francis FrédéricAbstract:peer reviewedaudience: researcher, professional, student, popularization, otherBelgian fish farmers from the Walloon region are currently looking for alternative feed sources as they mainly produce rainbow trout, a carnivorous species with high protein and lipids requirement. Among the available new feed sources, Hermetia illucens (L. 1758) is a promising insect species with a polyphagous diet, a fast larvae growth rate and a short life cycle. Moreover, several studies have shown that the larvae composition in macronutrients is function of their diet and could be manipulated. The current compo-sition of H. illucens larvae is characterized by a high-saturated fatty acids level (± 76%) with mainly lauric acid (± 55%) and do not meet the nutritional requirements of trout. The objective of this study was to adjust the profile in polyunsaturated fatty acids of H. illu-cens larvae by manipulating their diets. Nevertheless, the legislation governing insect rearing is constantly evolving but remains restrictive concerning the allowed feed ingredi-ents for insect development. Consequently, this study focused on diet formulation from local plant co-products to reduce the ecological footprint of insect and fish productions. Considering the seasonality and low-fat content of the co-products, the diet formulations were supplemented with Oilseed Meal cakes. An experimental rearing has been devel-oped and nutrition tests were conducted. After selecting populations (100 individu-als/population) of young H. illucens larvae (± 0.01 g), different diets enriched with flax and two rapeseed Meal cake (chemical vs mechanical extraction) were tested in a con-trolled environment (60% relative humidity - 27 °C). Six incorporation rates per Meal cake (10 - 20 - 40 - 60 - 80 - 100%) were tested in triplicate (n = 3). The larvae were col-lected at prepupal stage and each population were lyophilized and cold ground into flour. Lipids from prepupae flours were extracted by Folch's method while fatty acids have been esterified and analyzed by gas chromatography. Protein and ash levels were also quantified respectively by Dumas’ method and combustion. The proportions between saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were specifically evaluat-ed as well as the percentage of α-linolenic acid (ALA - C18: 3Ꙍ3). The incorporation of Meal cake has reduced the ratio SFA/UFA from 4.11 to 1.44 and increased ALA per-centage from 0.72 to 15.83. The increase in the proportion of UFA in H. illucens prepupae flour should allow an increase of their incorporation in artificial diets for rainbow trout.INSEC
M Mazzoncini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of defatted Oilseed Meals applied as organic fertilizers on vegetable crop production and environmental impact
Industrial Crops and Products, 2015Co-Authors: M Mazzoncini, Daniele Antichi, Silvia Tavarini, Nicola Silvestri, Luca Lazzeri, Lorenzo DavinoAbstract:Abstract Defatted Oilseed Meals from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and some Brassica species have a well known economic value as feed for animals, whilst their value as organic nitrogen fertilizers has been not fully explored so far. Compared to sunflower, the seed Meals of Brassica species are reported to have a potentially higher capacity of nutrient supply, due to their lower content of indigestible fiber. The high content of glucosinolates may conversely reduce the availability of nitrogen, because of their inhibitory effect on nitrification processes. In this lysimetric study we compared the effect of the application of three seed Meals: partially defatted Meals of sunflower and of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun), and completed defatted Meal of sunflower on the yield and N utilization of three vegetable crops (lettuce, chard and spinach), compared to an unfertilized control and one fertilized with ammonium nitrate. Furthermore, we also investigated the residual effect of fertility of Oilseed Meal application on winter barley and fallow. Both sunflower Meals revealed a fertilization effect comparable to that of the mineral fertilizer, whilst B. carinata Meal reduced the yields of chard and spinach, due to low N availability as shown by the lower N use efficiency index. We argue that this lower efficacy of B. carinata Meal was due to the technique of the application of the Meal, that might have produced a high concentration of glucosinolates in the soil layer explored by roots, concurrently determining a significant impact on soil biota and direct phytotoxicity phenomena. A relevant part of the N applied with fertilizers was not absorbed by the three vegetables and hence accumulated in the soil. Despite the high values of unabsorbed soil N in the plots fertilized with Oilseed Meals, nitrate leaching was lower than with ammonium nitrate. The impact on global warming potential of fertilization with defatted Oilseed Meals was assessed and shown to be lower than or comparable to the impact of the synthetic fertilizer. In particular, defatted sunflower Meals caused a lower impact per hectare and total biomass, and a similar impact per fresh marketable product. Overall, our findings confirmed the high value of Oilseed Meals as a sustainable alternative to mineral fertilizers. However, their efficacy strongly depends on the technique of application to the soil.
