The Experts below are selected from a list of 369 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tsutomu Takahashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Olfactory Sulcus morphology in established bipolar affective disorder
Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 2020Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Yumiko Nakamura, Michio Suzuki, Gin S Malhi, Christos PantelisAbstract:The fulltext of this publication will be made publicly available after relevant embargo periods have lapsed and associated copyright clearances obtained.This MRI study examined the morphology of the Olfactory Sulcus, a potential marker of early neurodevelopment in 26 patients with bipolar I disorder and 24 matched controls. Bipolar patients had significantly shallower Olfactory sulci bilaterally compared to controls, suggesting that neurodevelopmental abnormalities contribute to the neurobiology of bipolar disorder.Restricted Access: Metadata Onl
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Olfactory Sulcus morphology in teenagers with first presentation borderline personality disorder
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2019Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio Suzuki, Yumiko Nishikawa, Dennis Velakoulis, Patrick D Mcgorry, Christos Pantelis, Andrew M ChanenAbstract:Abstract Gray matter reduction of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been reported in borderline personality disorder (BPD), but it remains unknown whether the BPD patients exhibit morphologic changes of the Olfactory Sulcus, a potential marker of forebrain development located on the OFC. We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the length and depth of the Olfactory Sulcus in 20 teenagers (15 females and 5 males) with first-presentation BPD and 20 healthy controls (15 females and 5 males). While there was no group difference in the length of the Sulcus, the BPD patients (especially those with a history of trauma) had a significantly shallower right Olfactory Sulcus compared with controls. In addition, Sulcus depth was negatively correlated with the severity of impulsivity and affective instability in the BPD patients. These preliminary findings may suggest a significant role of environmental risk factors (i.e., trauma exposure) during childhood to adolescence in the neurobiology of BPD.
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association between Olfactory Sulcus morphology and Olfactory functioning in schizophrenia and psychosis high risk status
Heliyon, 2019Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Yumiko Nishikawa, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Mihoko Nakamura, Daiki Sasabayashi, Yuko Mizukami, Shimako Nishiyama, Yuko HiguchiAbstract:Abstract Olfactory impairment has been reported in patients with schizophrenia and individuals with a high risk of psychosis, but its neural basis is largely unknown. We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the morphology of the Olfactory Sulcus (an indicator of Olfactory system development) and its relation to Olfactory function in 38 persons with an at-risk mental state (ARMS), 62 patients with schizophrenia, and 61 healthy controls. Odor detection and identification were examined with a T & T olfactometer. Compared with the controls, the Olfactory Sulcus was significantly shallower and odor identification was inferior among the ARMS and schizophrenia subjects. Across all subjects, but not within each group, the Olfactory Sulcus depth was significantly related to better identification of odors. Our results support the concept that Olfactory Sulcus morphology reflects the neurodevelopmental process of the Olfactory system.
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Brain neurodevelopmental markers related to the deficit subtype of schizophrenia
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2017Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Yumiko Nishikawa, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Mihoko Nakamura, Daiki Sasabayashi, Yuko Komori, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Abstract Deficit schizophrenia is a homogeneous subtype characterized by a trait-like feature of primary and prominent negative symptoms, but the etiologic factors related to this specific subtype remain largely unknown. This magnetic resonance imaging study aimed to examine gross brain morphology that probably reflects early neurodevelopment in 38 patients with deficit schizophrenia, 37 patients with non-deficit schizophrenia, and 59 healthy controls. Potential brain neurodevelopmental markers investigated in this study were the adhesio interthalamica (AI), cavum septi pellucidi (CSP), and surface morphology (i.e., Olfactory Sulcus depth, sulcogyral pattern, and number of orbital sulci) of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The subtype classification of schizophrenia patients was based on the score of Proxy for the Deficit Syndrome. The deficit schizophrenia group had a significantly shorter AI compared with the non-deficit group and controls. The deficit group, but not the non-deficit group, was also characterized by an altered distribution of the OFC sulcogyral pattern, as well as fewer posterior orbital Sulcus compared with controls. Other neurodevelopmental markers did not differentiate the deficit and non-deficit subgroups. These results suggest that the deficit subtype of schizophrenia and its clinical manifestation may be at least partly related to prominent neurodevelopmental pathology.
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Olfactory Sulcus morphology in patients with current and past major depression
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2016Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Yumiko Nishikawa, Murat Yucel, Sarah Whittle, Valentina Lorenzetti, Mark WalterfangAbstract:Abstract Olfactory deficits have been reported in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it remains largely unknown whether MDD is associated with abnormalities in Olfactory Sulcus morphology, a potential marker of Olfactory system development. This magnetic resonance imaging study investigated the length and depth of the Olfactory Sulcus in 29 currently depressed patients, 27 remitted depressed patients, and 33 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Both current and remitted MDD patients had significantly shallower Olfactory sulci bilaterally as compared with controls. Only for male subjects, the right Olfactory Sulcus was significantly shorter in remitted MDD patients than in controls. The right Sulcus depth was negatively correlated with number of depressive episodes in the entire MDD group and with residual depressive symptoms in the remitted MDD group. Medication status, presence of melancholia, and comorbidity with anxiety disorders did not affect the Sulcus morphology. These findings suggest that abnormality of the Olfactory Sulcus morphology, especially its depth, may be a trait-related marker of vulnerability to major depression.
Thomas Hummel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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is handedness associated with the depth of the Olfactory Sulcus
Operations Research Letters, 2020Co-Authors: Yunpeng Zang, Katie L Whitcroft, Carmina Glockler, Thomas HummelAbstract:BACKGROUND: Structural and functional asymmetry is frequent in biological systems. The aim of the present study was to examine whether there is a relation between handedness and the depth of the Olfactory Sulcus (OS) and reinvestigate whether there is a lateralization of OS depth. METHODS: Forty-two healthy volunteers (mean age 24.1 years; 23 right-handed and 19 left-handed) participated. The subjects' brains were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging to assess OS depth. Normal Olfactory function was ascertained using the Sniffin' Sticks odor identification test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in OS depth between right- and left-handed participants (right-handed mean: right OS depth = 11.3 mm, left OS = 10.6 mm; left-handed mean: right OS = 11.3 mm, left OS = 11.0 mm). Across all subjects, OS depth was significantly larger on the right side compared to the left. CONCLUSION: Handedness has no major influence on OS depth. The present study confirmed that the right OS is deeper compared to the left OS, possibly indicating a right-sided lateralization of the Olfactory system. IMPLICATIONS: The depth of the right OS is larger than that of the left OS. No major effect of handedness was observed.
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Is Handedness Associated with the Depth of the Olfactory Sulcus?
ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties, 2020Co-Authors: Yunpeng Zang, Katie L Whitcroft, Carmina Glockler, Thomas HummelAbstract:Structural and functional asymmetry is frequent in biological systems. The aim of the present study was to examine whether there is a relation between handedness and the depth of the Olfactory Sulcus (OS) and reinvestigate whether there is a lateralization of OS depth. Forty-two healthy volunteers (mean age 24.1 years; 23 right-handed and 19 left-handed) participated. The subjects' brains were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging to assess OS depth. Normal Olfactory function was ascertained using the Sniffin' Sticks odor identification test. There was no significant difference in OS depth between right- and left-handed participants (right-handed mean: right OS depth = 11.3 mm, left OS = 10.6 mm; left-handed mean: right OS = 11.3 mm, left OS = 11.0 mm). Across all subjects, OS depth was significantly larger on the right side compared to the left. Handedness has no major influence on OS depth. The present study confirmed that the right OS is deeper compared to the left OS, possibly indicating a right-sided lateralization of the Olfactory system. The depth of the right OS is larger than that of the left OS. No major effect of handedness was observed. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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volume of Olfactory bulb and depth of Olfactory Sulcus in 378 consecutive patients with Olfactory loss
Journal of Neurology, 2015Co-Authors: Thomas Hummel, Philippe Rombaux, Thierry Duprez, Caroline Huart, Antje UrbigAbstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the Olfactory bulb (OB) and Sulcus (OS) in a large group of patients who have been well-characterized in terms of Olfactory function, with a specific focus on the comparison between patients with Olfactory loss due to chronic rhinosinusitis, head trauma, or acute infections. A retrospective study of 378 patients with Olfactory loss was performed. Orthonasal Olfactory function was assessed with the"Sniffin' Sticks" test kit, including tests for odor threshold, odor discrimination, and odor identification. Magnetic resonance imaging analyses were focused on OB volume and OS depth. Major results of the present study included the (1) demonstration of a correlation between Olfactory function and OB volume across the various pathologies in a very large group of subjects; (2) the three functional tests exhibited a similar degree of correlation with OB volume. (3) The right, but not the left OS correlated with Olfactory function; in addition, (4) OS was negatively correlated with age. In contrast to OS, (5) no side differences were found for the OB. Finally, (6) the three different causes of Olfactory loss exhibited different patterns of results for the three Olfactory tests. The present data suggest that the morphological assessment of the OB volume and OS depth produces useful clinical indicators of Olfactory dysfunction.
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the depth of the Olfactory Sulcus is an indicator of congenital anosmia
American Journal of Neuroradiology, 2011Co-Authors: Caroline Huart, Philippe Rombaux, Thierry Duprez, Thomas Meusel, Johannes Gerber, Thomas HummelAbstract:In IA, the depth of the OS in the PPTE is a useful clinical indicator. Indeed, if it is ≤8 mm, it clearly indicates IA, with a specificity of 1.
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the depth of the Olfactory Sulcus is an indicator of congenital anosmia
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2011Co-Authors: Caroline Huart, Philippe Rombaux, Thomas Meusel, Johannes Gerber, Thomas HummelAbstract:Background and Purpose: In congenital anosmia, the Olfactory bulb and Olfactory tract can be both aplastic or hypoplastic. In clinical routine they are sometimes difficult to assess. We thus want to investigate morphologic differences of the Olfactory Sulcus in patients with isolated anosmia (IA) since birth or early childhood in comparison to controls in a large group of subjects; to investigate whether the depth of the Olfactory Sulcus (OS) indicates IA. Materials and Methods: Within the context of a two-center study we investigated 36 IA patients in comparison to 40 controls. Imaging was performed with a standard quadrature head coil (1.5 T; T1 and T2-weighted spin echo sequences were used (coronal plane perpendicular to frontal skull base). We assessed Olfactory bulb volume by planimetric contouring, and OS depth in the plane of the posterior tangent through the eyeballs (PPTE). Results: Looking at the OS depth in the PPTE, none of the healthy controls exhibited a depth of less than 8 mm. In IA patients, 10 had an OS deeper than 8 mm, while 26 had OS depth lower than 8 mm. Thus, if we consider an OS depth lower than 8 mm it clearly indicates IA, with a specificity of 1 while the sensitivity is 0.72. Conclusions: In IA, the OS depth in the PPTE is a useful clinical indicator. Indeed, if it is ≤ 8 mm, it clearly indicates IA, with a specificity of 1. If it is deeper, the measure does not clearly predict IA.
Michio Suzuki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Olfactory Sulcus morphology in established bipolar affective disorder
Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 2020Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Yumiko Nakamura, Michio Suzuki, Gin S Malhi, Christos PantelisAbstract:The fulltext of this publication will be made publicly available after relevant embargo periods have lapsed and associated copyright clearances obtained.This MRI study examined the morphology of the Olfactory Sulcus, a potential marker of early neurodevelopment in 26 patients with bipolar I disorder and 24 matched controls. Bipolar patients had significantly shallower Olfactory sulci bilaterally compared to controls, suggesting that neurodevelopmental abnormalities contribute to the neurobiology of bipolar disorder.Restricted Access: Metadata Onl
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Olfactory Sulcus morphology in teenagers with first presentation borderline personality disorder
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2019Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio Suzuki, Yumiko Nishikawa, Dennis Velakoulis, Patrick D Mcgorry, Christos Pantelis, Andrew M ChanenAbstract:Abstract Gray matter reduction of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been reported in borderline personality disorder (BPD), but it remains unknown whether the BPD patients exhibit morphologic changes of the Olfactory Sulcus, a potential marker of forebrain development located on the OFC. We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the length and depth of the Olfactory Sulcus in 20 teenagers (15 females and 5 males) with first-presentation BPD and 20 healthy controls (15 females and 5 males). While there was no group difference in the length of the Sulcus, the BPD patients (especially those with a history of trauma) had a significantly shallower right Olfactory Sulcus compared with controls. In addition, Sulcus depth was negatively correlated with the severity of impulsivity and affective instability in the BPD patients. These preliminary findings may suggest a significant role of environmental risk factors (i.e., trauma exposure) during childhood to adolescence in the neurobiology of BPD.
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Brain neurodevelopmental markers related to the deficit subtype of schizophrenia
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2017Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Yumiko Nishikawa, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Mihoko Nakamura, Daiki Sasabayashi, Yuko Komori, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Abstract Deficit schizophrenia is a homogeneous subtype characterized by a trait-like feature of primary and prominent negative symptoms, but the etiologic factors related to this specific subtype remain largely unknown. This magnetic resonance imaging study aimed to examine gross brain morphology that probably reflects early neurodevelopment in 38 patients with deficit schizophrenia, 37 patients with non-deficit schizophrenia, and 59 healthy controls. Potential brain neurodevelopmental markers investigated in this study were the adhesio interthalamica (AI), cavum septi pellucidi (CSP), and surface morphology (i.e., Olfactory Sulcus depth, sulcogyral pattern, and number of orbital sulci) of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The subtype classification of schizophrenia patients was based on the score of Proxy for the Deficit Syndrome. The deficit schizophrenia group had a significantly shorter AI compared with the non-deficit group and controls. The deficit group, but not the non-deficit group, was also characterized by an altered distribution of the OFC sulcogyral pattern, as well as fewer posterior orbital Sulcus compared with controls. Other neurodevelopmental markers did not differentiate the deficit and non-deficit subgroups. These results suggest that the deficit subtype of schizophrenia and its clinical manifestation may be at least partly related to prominent neurodevelopmental pathology.
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orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern and Olfactory Sulcus depth in the schizophrenia spectrum
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2016Co-Authors: Yumiko Nishikawa, Tsutomu Takahashi, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Mihoko Nakamura, Daiki Sasabayashi, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Morphological changes in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), such as an altered sulcogyral pattern of the ‘H-shaped’ orbital Sulcus and a shallow Olfactory Sulcus, have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, possibly reflecting deviations in early neurodevelopment. However, it remains unclear whether patients with schizotypal features exhibit similar OFC changes. This magnetic resonance imaging study examined the OFC sulcogyral pattern (Types I, II, III, and IV) and Olfactory Sulcus morphology in 102 patients with schizophrenia, 47 patients with schizotypal disorder, and 84 healthy controls. The OFC sulcogyral pattern distribution between the groups was significantly different on the right hemisphere, with the schizophrenia patients showing a decrease in Type I (vs controls and schizotypal patients) and an increase in Type III (vs controls) expression. However, the schizotypal patients and controls did not differ in the OFC pattern. There were significant group differences in the Olfactory Sulcus depth bilaterally (schizophrenia patients < schizotypal patients < controls). Our findings suggest that schizotypal disorder, a milder form of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, partly shares the OFC changes (i.e., altered depth of the Olfactory Sulcus) with schizophrenia, possibly reflecting a common disease vulnerability. However, altered distribution of the OFC pattern specific to schizophrenia may at least partly reflect neurodevelopmental pathology related to a greater susceptibility to overt psychosis.
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Orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern and Olfactory Sulcus depth in the schizophrenia spectrum
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2016Co-Authors: Yumiko Nishikawa, Tsutomu Takahashi, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Mihoko Nakamura, Daiki Sasabayashi, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Morphological changes in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), such as an altered sulcogyral pattern of the ‘H-shaped’ orbital Sulcus and a shallow Olfactory Sulcus, have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, possibly reflecting deviations in early neurodevelopment. However, it remains unclear whether patients with schizotypal features exhibit similar OFC changes. This magnetic resonance imaging study examined the OFC sulcogyral pattern (Types I, II, III, and IV) and Olfactory Sulcus morphology in 102 patients with schizophrenia, 47 patients with schizotypal disorder, and 84 healthy controls. The OFC sulcogyral pattern distribution between the groups was significantly different on the right hemisphere, with the schizophrenia patients showing a decrease in Type I (vs controls and schizotypal patients) and an increase in Type III (vs controls) expression. However, the schizotypal patients and controls did not differ in the OFC pattern. There were significant group differences in the Olfactory Sulcus depth bilaterally (schizophrenia patients
Philippe Rombaux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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volume of Olfactory bulb and depth of Olfactory Sulcus in 378 consecutive patients with Olfactory loss
Journal of Neurology, 2015Co-Authors: Thomas Hummel, Philippe Rombaux, Thierry Duprez, Caroline Huart, Antje UrbigAbstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the Olfactory bulb (OB) and Sulcus (OS) in a large group of patients who have been well-characterized in terms of Olfactory function, with a specific focus on the comparison between patients with Olfactory loss due to chronic rhinosinusitis, head trauma, or acute infections. A retrospective study of 378 patients with Olfactory loss was performed. Orthonasal Olfactory function was assessed with the"Sniffin' Sticks" test kit, including tests for odor threshold, odor discrimination, and odor identification. Magnetic resonance imaging analyses were focused on OB volume and OS depth. Major results of the present study included the (1) demonstration of a correlation between Olfactory function and OB volume across the various pathologies in a very large group of subjects; (2) the three functional tests exhibited a similar degree of correlation with OB volume. (3) The right, but not the left OS correlated with Olfactory function; in addition, (4) OS was negatively correlated with age. In contrast to OS, (5) no side differences were found for the OB. Finally, (6) the three different causes of Olfactory loss exhibited different patterns of results for the three Olfactory tests. The present data suggest that the morphological assessment of the OB volume and OS depth produces useful clinical indicators of Olfactory dysfunction.
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the depth of the Olfactory Sulcus is an indicator of congenital anosmia
American Journal of Neuroradiology, 2011Co-Authors: Caroline Huart, Philippe Rombaux, Thierry Duprez, Thomas Meusel, Johannes Gerber, Thomas HummelAbstract:In IA, the depth of the OS in the PPTE is a useful clinical indicator. Indeed, if it is ≤8 mm, it clearly indicates IA, with a specificity of 1.
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the depth of the Olfactory Sulcus is an indicator of congenital anosmia
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2011Co-Authors: Caroline Huart, Philippe Rombaux, Thomas Meusel, Johannes Gerber, Thomas HummelAbstract:Background and Purpose: In congenital anosmia, the Olfactory bulb and Olfactory tract can be both aplastic or hypoplastic. In clinical routine they are sometimes difficult to assess. We thus want to investigate morphologic differences of the Olfactory Sulcus in patients with isolated anosmia (IA) since birth or early childhood in comparison to controls in a large group of subjects; to investigate whether the depth of the Olfactory Sulcus (OS) indicates IA. Materials and Methods: Within the context of a two-center study we investigated 36 IA patients in comparison to 40 controls. Imaging was performed with a standard quadrature head coil (1.5 T; T1 and T2-weighted spin echo sequences were used (coronal plane perpendicular to frontal skull base). We assessed Olfactory bulb volume by planimetric contouring, and OS depth in the plane of the posterior tangent through the eyeballs (PPTE). Results: Looking at the OS depth in the PPTE, none of the healthy controls exhibited a depth of less than 8 mm. In IA patients, 10 had an OS deeper than 8 mm, while 26 had OS depth lower than 8 mm. Thus, if we consider an OS depth lower than 8 mm it clearly indicates IA, with a specificity of 1 while the sensitivity is 0.72. Conclusions: In IA, the OS depth in the PPTE is a useful clinical indicator. Indeed, if it is ≤ 8 mm, it clearly indicates IA, with a specificity of 1. If it is deeper, the measure does not clearly predict IA.
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Olfactory bulb volume and depth of Olfactory Sulcus in patients with idiopathic Olfactory loss
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2010Co-Authors: Philippe Rombaux, Thierry Duprez, H. Potier, E. Markessis, T. HummelAbstract:Olfactory loss is considered as idiopathic (IOL) when no cause can be found, neither on the basis of a standardized history nor a thorough clinical evaluation. Olfactory bulb volume (OB) has been shown to be decreased in patients with Olfactory loss due to trauma, infections, or sinonasal disease. However, OB volume has not yet been investigated in IOL patients. Twenty-two patients with IOL were compared with 22 controls in terms of Olfactory performance and of OB volume assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Psychophysical testing confirmed that patients had lower scores than controls: P
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Imaging the Olfactory tract (Cranial Nerve #1).
European Journal of Radiology, 2010Co-Authors: Thierry Duprez, Philippe RombauxAbstract:This review paper browses pros and cons of the different radiological modalities for imaging the Olfactory tract and highlights the potential benefits and limitation of more recent advances in MR and CT technology. A systematic pictorial overview of pathological conditions affecting Olfactory sense is given. Techniques for collecting quantitative data on Olfactory bulb volume and on Olfactory Sulcus depth are described. At last, insights into functional imaging of Olfactory sense are shown.
Yumiko Nishikawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Olfactory Sulcus morphology in teenagers with first presentation borderline personality disorder
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2019Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio Suzuki, Yumiko Nishikawa, Dennis Velakoulis, Patrick D Mcgorry, Christos Pantelis, Andrew M ChanenAbstract:Abstract Gray matter reduction of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been reported in borderline personality disorder (BPD), but it remains unknown whether the BPD patients exhibit morphologic changes of the Olfactory Sulcus, a potential marker of forebrain development located on the OFC. We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the length and depth of the Olfactory Sulcus in 20 teenagers (15 females and 5 males) with first-presentation BPD and 20 healthy controls (15 females and 5 males). While there was no group difference in the length of the Sulcus, the BPD patients (especially those with a history of trauma) had a significantly shallower right Olfactory Sulcus compared with controls. In addition, Sulcus depth was negatively correlated with the severity of impulsivity and affective instability in the BPD patients. These preliminary findings may suggest a significant role of environmental risk factors (i.e., trauma exposure) during childhood to adolescence in the neurobiology of BPD.
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association between Olfactory Sulcus morphology and Olfactory functioning in schizophrenia and psychosis high risk status
Heliyon, 2019Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Yumiko Nishikawa, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Mihoko Nakamura, Daiki Sasabayashi, Yuko Mizukami, Shimako Nishiyama, Yuko HiguchiAbstract:Abstract Olfactory impairment has been reported in patients with schizophrenia and individuals with a high risk of psychosis, but its neural basis is largely unknown. We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the morphology of the Olfactory Sulcus (an indicator of Olfactory system development) and its relation to Olfactory function in 38 persons with an at-risk mental state (ARMS), 62 patients with schizophrenia, and 61 healthy controls. Odor detection and identification were examined with a T & T olfactometer. Compared with the controls, the Olfactory Sulcus was significantly shallower and odor identification was inferior among the ARMS and schizophrenia subjects. Across all subjects, but not within each group, the Olfactory Sulcus depth was significantly related to better identification of odors. Our results support the concept that Olfactory Sulcus morphology reflects the neurodevelopmental process of the Olfactory system.
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Brain neurodevelopmental markers related to the deficit subtype of schizophrenia
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2017Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Yumiko Nishikawa, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Mihoko Nakamura, Daiki Sasabayashi, Yuko Komori, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Abstract Deficit schizophrenia is a homogeneous subtype characterized by a trait-like feature of primary and prominent negative symptoms, but the etiologic factors related to this specific subtype remain largely unknown. This magnetic resonance imaging study aimed to examine gross brain morphology that probably reflects early neurodevelopment in 38 patients with deficit schizophrenia, 37 patients with non-deficit schizophrenia, and 59 healthy controls. Potential brain neurodevelopmental markers investigated in this study were the adhesio interthalamica (AI), cavum septi pellucidi (CSP), and surface morphology (i.e., Olfactory Sulcus depth, sulcogyral pattern, and number of orbital sulci) of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The subtype classification of schizophrenia patients was based on the score of Proxy for the Deficit Syndrome. The deficit schizophrenia group had a significantly shorter AI compared with the non-deficit group and controls. The deficit group, but not the non-deficit group, was also characterized by an altered distribution of the OFC sulcogyral pattern, as well as fewer posterior orbital Sulcus compared with controls. Other neurodevelopmental markers did not differentiate the deficit and non-deficit subgroups. These results suggest that the deficit subtype of schizophrenia and its clinical manifestation may be at least partly related to prominent neurodevelopmental pathology.
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Olfactory Sulcus morphology in patients with current and past major depression
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2016Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Yumiko Nishikawa, Murat Yucel, Sarah Whittle, Valentina Lorenzetti, Mark WalterfangAbstract:Abstract Olfactory deficits have been reported in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it remains largely unknown whether MDD is associated with abnormalities in Olfactory Sulcus morphology, a potential marker of Olfactory system development. This magnetic resonance imaging study investigated the length and depth of the Olfactory Sulcus in 29 currently depressed patients, 27 remitted depressed patients, and 33 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Both current and remitted MDD patients had significantly shallower Olfactory sulci bilaterally as compared with controls. Only for male subjects, the right Olfactory Sulcus was significantly shorter in remitted MDD patients than in controls. The right Sulcus depth was negatively correlated with number of depressive episodes in the entire MDD group and with residual depressive symptoms in the remitted MDD group. Medication status, presence of melancholia, and comorbidity with anxiety disorders did not affect the Sulcus morphology. These findings suggest that abnormality of the Olfactory Sulcus morphology, especially its depth, may be a trait-related marker of vulnerability to major depression.
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orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern and Olfactory Sulcus depth in the schizophrenia spectrum
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2016Co-Authors: Yumiko Nishikawa, Tsutomu Takahashi, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Mihoko Nakamura, Daiki Sasabayashi, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Morphological changes in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), such as an altered sulcogyral pattern of the ‘H-shaped’ orbital Sulcus and a shallow Olfactory Sulcus, have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, possibly reflecting deviations in early neurodevelopment. However, it remains unclear whether patients with schizotypal features exhibit similar OFC changes. This magnetic resonance imaging study examined the OFC sulcogyral pattern (Types I, II, III, and IV) and Olfactory Sulcus morphology in 102 patients with schizophrenia, 47 patients with schizotypal disorder, and 84 healthy controls. The OFC sulcogyral pattern distribution between the groups was significantly different on the right hemisphere, with the schizophrenia patients showing a decrease in Type I (vs controls and schizotypal patients) and an increase in Type III (vs controls) expression. However, the schizotypal patients and controls did not differ in the OFC pattern. There were significant group differences in the Olfactory Sulcus depth bilaterally (schizophrenia patients < schizotypal patients < controls). Our findings suggest that schizotypal disorder, a milder form of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, partly shares the OFC changes (i.e., altered depth of the Olfactory Sulcus) with schizophrenia, possibly reflecting a common disease vulnerability. However, altered distribution of the OFC pattern specific to schizophrenia may at least partly reflect neurodevelopmental pathology related to a greater susceptibility to overt psychosis.
