The Experts below are selected from a list of 1024650 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Wei Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fertility Restrictions and Life-Cycle Outcomes: Evidence from the One-Child Policy in China
The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2020Co-Authors: Wei Huang, Xiaoyan Lei, Ang SunAbstract:This study considers the experience of China’s One-Child Policy to examine how fertility restrictions affect economic and social outcomes over a lifetime. Using variations in these penalties across...
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One-Child Policy and the Rise of Man-Made Twins
Review of Economics and Statistics, 2016Co-Authors: Wei Huang, Xiaoyan Lei, Yaohui ZhaoAbstract:Abstract This paper examines an unintended response to the One-Child Policy in China: births of twins. Analysis of population census data shows that the One-Child Policy has accounted for more than one-third of the increase in the reported births of twins since the 1970s. Investigation using birth spacing with prior births and height difference within twins suggests that the increase in the birth of twins is partly due to parents reporting regularly spaced children as twins to avoid the Policy violation punishment. The study highlights the possibility of individual behavioral response to undesirable government policies and the potential social consequences.
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One-Child Policy, Marriage Distortion, and Welfare Loss
2015Co-Authors: Wei Huang, Yi ZhouAbstract:Using plausibly exogenous variations in the ethnicity-specific assigned birth quotas and different fertility penalties across Chinese provinces over time, we provide new evidence for the transferable utility model by showing how China's One-Child Policy induced a significantly higher unmarried rate among the population and more interethnic marriages in China. We further develop the model and find that a Policy-induced welfare loss originates from not only restricted fertility but also from marriage distortion, and both depend solely on the corresponding reduced-form elasticities. Our calculations suggest that the total welfare loss is around 4.9 percent of yearly household income, with marriage distortion contributing 17 percent of this welfare loss. These findings highlight the importance of taking into consideration the unintended behavioral responses to public policies and the corresponding social consequences.
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One-Child Policy and the Rise of Man-Made Twins
2014Co-Authors: Wei Huang, Xiaoyan Lei, Yaohui ZhaoAbstract:This paper investigates how people respond to the distorted incentives of One-Child Policy by examining its impact on twin births in China. The analysis using population census data shows that the One-Child Policy accounts for more than one-third of the increase in twin births since the 1970s. Further investigation finds that the One-Child Policy is associated with a larger birth gap of twins with prior births and greater height difference between twins. These findings suggest that the increase in twin births can partly be explained by parents registering single children as twins in order to avoid the Policy violation punishment.
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ABSTRACT One-Child Policy and the Rise of Man-Made Twins *
2014Co-Authors: Wei HuangAbstract:This paper investigates how people respond to the distorted incentives of One-Child Policy by examining its impact on twin births in China. The analysis using population census data shows that the One-Child Policy accounts for more than one-third of the increase in twin births since the 1970s. Further investigation finds that the One-Child Policy is associated with a larger birth gap of twins with prior births and greater height difference between twins. These findings suggest that the increase in twin births can partly be explained by parents registering single children as twins in order to avoid the Policy violation punishment.
Junsen Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the evolution of china s one child Policy and its effects on family outcomes
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2017Co-Authors: Junsen ZhangAbstract:Abstract In 1979, China introduced its unprecedented One-Child Policy, under which households exceeding the birth quota were penalized. However, estimating the effect of this Policy on family outco...
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estimating the effect of the one child Policy on the sex ratio imbalance in china identification based on the difference in differences
Demography, 2011Co-Authors: Junsen ZhangAbstract:In China, the male-biased sex ratio has increased significantly. Because the One-Child Policy only applied to the Han Chinese but not to minorities, this unique affirmative Policy allows us to identify the causal effect of the One-Child Policy on the increase in sex ratios by a difference-in-differences (DD) estimator. Using the 1990 census, we find that the strict enforcement of the One-Child Policy has led to 4.4 extra boys per 100 girls in the 1980s, accounting for about 94% of the total increase in sex ratios during this period. The robust tests indicate that the estimated Policy effect is not likely confounded by other omitted Policy shocks or socioeconomic changes. Moreover, we conduct the DD estimation using both the 2000 census and the 2005 mini-census. Our estimates suggest that the One-Child Policy has resulted in about 7.0 extra boys per 100 girls for the 1991-2005 birth cohort. The effect of the One-Child Policy accounts for about 57% and 54% of the total increases in sex ratios for the 1990s and the 2001-2005 birth cohorts, respectively.
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Estimating the Effect of the One-Child Policy on the Sex Ratio Imbalance in China: Identification Based on the Difference-in-Differences
Demography, 2011Co-Authors: Hongbin Li, Junjian Yi, Junsen ZhangAbstract:In China, the male-biased sex ratio has increased significantly. Because the One-Child Policy applies only to the Han Chinese but not to minorities, this unique affirmative Policy allows us to identify the causal effect of the One-Child Policy on the increase in sex ratios by using a difference-in-differences (DD) estimator. Using the 1990 census, we find that the strict enforcement of the One-Child Policy led to 4.4 extra boys per 100 girls in the 1980s, accounting for about 94% of the total increase in sex ratios during this period. The robust tests indicate that the estimated Policy effect is not likely confounded by other omitted Policy shocks or socioeconomic changes. Moreover, we conduct the DD estimation using both the 2000 census and the 2005 mini-census. Our estimates suggest that the One-Child Policy resulted in about 7.0 extra boys per 100 girls for the 1991-2005 birth cohorts. The effect of the One-Child Policy accounts for about 57% and 54% of the total increases in sex ratios for the 1991-2000 and 2001-2005 birth cohorts, respectively.
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Estimating the Effect of the One-Child Policy on Sex Ratio Imbalance in China: Identification Based on the Difference-in-Differences
2010Co-Authors: Junsen ZhangAbstract:In China, the male-biased sex ratio has increased significantly. Because the One-Child Policy only applied to the Han Chinese but not to minorities, this unique affirmative Policy allows us to identify the causal effect of the One-Child Policy on the increase in sex ratios by a difference-in-differences (DD) estimator. Using the 1990 census, we find that the strict enforcement of the One-Child Policy has led to 4.4 extra boys per 100 girls in the 1980s, accounting for about 94% of the total increase in sex ratios during this period. The robust tests indicate that the estimated Policy effect is not likely confounded by other omitted Policy shocks or socioeconomic changes. Moreover, we conduct the DD estimation using both the 2000 census and the 2005 mini-census. Our estimates suggest that the One-Child Policy has resulted in about 7.0 extra boys per 100 girls for the 1991-2005 birth cohort. The effect of the One-Child Policy accounts for about 57% and 54% of the total increases in sex ratios for the 1990s and the 2001-2005 birth cohorts, respectively.
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The Effect of the One-Child Policy on Fertility in China: Identification Based on the Differences-in-Differences
2005Co-Authors: Junsen Zhang, Yi ZhuAbstract:This paper measures the effect of China's One-Child Policy on fertility by exploring the natural experiment that has been created by China's unique affirmative birth control Policy, which is possibly the largest social experiment in human history. Because the One-Child Policy only applied to Han Chinese, but not to ethnic minorities, we construct a differences-in-differences estimator to identify the effect of the Policy on fertility. Such a natural experiment is a rare opportunity, whether for the analysis of the effect on fertility or for the analysis of economics in general. Using two rounds of the Chinese Population Census, we find that the One-Child Policy has had a large effect on fertility. The average effect on the post-treatment cohorts on the probability of having a second child is as large as -11 percentage points. We also find that the magnitude is larger in urban areas and for more educated women. Our robustness tests suggest that our differences-in-differences estimates of the effect of the One-Child Policy are not very likely to be driven by other Policy or socio-economic changes that have affected the Han and the minorities differently.
Yaohui Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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One-Child Policy and the Rise of Man-Made Twins
Review of Economics and Statistics, 2016Co-Authors: Wei Huang, Xiaoyan Lei, Yaohui ZhaoAbstract:Abstract This paper examines an unintended response to the One-Child Policy in China: births of twins. Analysis of population census data shows that the One-Child Policy has accounted for more than one-third of the increase in the reported births of twins since the 1970s. Investigation using birth spacing with prior births and height difference within twins suggests that the increase in the birth of twins is partly due to parents reporting regularly spaced children as twins to avoid the Policy violation punishment. The study highlights the possibility of individual behavioral response to undesirable government policies and the potential social consequences.
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One-Child Policy and the Rise of Man-Made Twins
2014Co-Authors: Wei Huang, Xiaoyan Lei, Yaohui ZhaoAbstract:This paper investigates how people respond to the distorted incentives of One-Child Policy by examining its impact on twin births in China. The analysis using population census data shows that the One-Child Policy accounts for more than one-third of the increase in twin births since the 1970s. Further investigation finds that the One-Child Policy is associated with a larger birth gap of twins with prior births and greater height difference between twins. These findings suggest that the increase in twin births can partly be explained by parents registering single children as twins in order to avoid the Policy violation punishment.
Xiaoyan Lei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fertility Restrictions and Life-Cycle Outcomes: Evidence from the One-Child Policy in China
The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2020Co-Authors: Wei Huang, Xiaoyan Lei, Ang SunAbstract:This study considers the experience of China’s One-Child Policy to examine how fertility restrictions affect economic and social outcomes over a lifetime. Using variations in these penalties across...
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One-Child Policy and the Rise of Man-Made Twins
Review of Economics and Statistics, 2016Co-Authors: Wei Huang, Xiaoyan Lei, Yaohui ZhaoAbstract:Abstract This paper examines an unintended response to the One-Child Policy in China: births of twins. Analysis of population census data shows that the One-Child Policy has accounted for more than one-third of the increase in the reported births of twins since the 1970s. Investigation using birth spacing with prior births and height difference within twins suggests that the increase in the birth of twins is partly due to parents reporting regularly spaced children as twins to avoid the Policy violation punishment. The study highlights the possibility of individual behavioral response to undesirable government policies and the potential social consequences.
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One-Child Policy and the Rise of Man-Made Twins
2014Co-Authors: Wei Huang, Xiaoyan Lei, Yaohui ZhaoAbstract:This paper investigates how people respond to the distorted incentives of One-Child Policy by examining its impact on twin births in China. The analysis using population census data shows that the One-Child Policy accounts for more than one-third of the increase in twin births since the 1970s. Further investigation finds that the One-Child Policy is associated with a larger birth gap of twins with prior births and greater height difference between twins. These findings suggest that the increase in twin births can partly be explained by parents registering single children as twins in order to avoid the Policy violation punishment.
Juhua Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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China's One-Child Policy and overweight children in the 1990s.
Social science & medicine (1982), 2007Co-Authors: Juhua YangAbstract:The prevalence of overweight children in China has increased, and the One-Child Policy has been suggested as a cause. Drawing on longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, this paper investigates the relationship between the One-Child Policy and overweight among young children. The Policy is measured directly as local variations and indirectly as sibship composition (i.e., number of siblings, birth order and birth interval). Results suggest that overweight among preschoolers and primary school children increased in the 1990s at a slower pace than that documented in previous studies in China, and the prevalence of overweight varies by age of children and urban residence. However, while there are substantially gross differences in overweight by Policy variations and sibsize (i.e., number of siblings), single children and those in strict One-Child Policy communities do not differ from other children, after adjusting for household and community characteristics. Thus, the Policy does not seem to bear an independent relationship to child overweight risk. Hence, this analysis provides little to support the public perception that the One-Child Policy is associated with the rising epidemic of child overweight in transitional China. Rather the risk associated with overweight include age of children, parental body mass index (BMI), level of maternal education, local socioeconomic development, urban residence and province/region.
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The One‐Child Policy and School Attendance in China
Comparative Education Review, 2007Co-Authors: Juhua YangAbstract:In addition to its goal of limiting China’s population growth, a key purpose of China’s One-Child Policy is to improve children’s well-being. The government has made a strenuous effort to limit parents’ childbearing in exchange for the greater opportunities it provides for their only children, including educational opportunities. The official slogan is you sheng you yu (give birth to fewer children, but give them better care and education). The underlying rationale is that more resources at the national, community, and household levels will be available for children and that children with fewer siblings will garner more resources and be better off in physical and intellectual development (Peng 1997). Heretofore, researchers and Policy makers, those both inside and outside of China, have been concerned mainly with the Policy’s effect on fertility (for recent examples, see Qiao et al. [2005] and [Gu 2006]). Researchers have established that the Policy has successfully curbed population growth. Fertility is below replacement levels, and the proportion of all births that are second and higher parity (i.e., with one or more elder siblings) continues to fall (Guo et al. 2003; Zhang 2007). However, we know much less about the Policy’s consequences beyond fertility. Yet, as Short et al. (2001, 913) have commented, it is clear that the Policy shapes children’s well-being by fundamentally shaping family life. To explore these consequences, in this article I focus on one dimension of child well-being: school attendance. Using data from multiple waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey, I address two interrelated issues by exploring a broad range of factors at the community, household, and individual levels that are associated with child schooling: Is the One-Child Policy rule related to child school attendance in the context of socioeconomic transformation at the community and household levels, as well as in the rapid expansion of formal education? Do children with no siblings, one sibling, or two or more siblings differ in their schooling? With few exceptions (e.g., Short et al. 2001; Short and Sun 2004), due to lack of relevant information, past studies on the relationship between the One-Child Policy and child education tend to use sibship size to approximate the Policy without considering its local variations (Poston and Falbo 1990; Falbo and Poston 1993; Feng 2000, 2003). However, an examination of adolescent education in the context of the One-Child Policy regime requires
