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Santos-hermosa Gema - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Desenvolupament i reutilització dels recursos educatius oberts en la docència universitària: repositoris i usuaris
'Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona', 2018Co-Authors: Santos-hermosa GemaAbstract:La present tesi doctoral estudia la reutilització dels recursos educatius oberts (Open Educational Resources, OER) dins l’educació superior des d’un punt de vista doble: segons la predisposició i/o preparació dels repositoris de recursos educatius oberts i també tenint en compte les percepcions i/o requeriments dels seus usuaris. Per tant, els usuaris i els repositoris d’OER són els protagonistes i constitueixen, per tant, els objectes d’estudi dels dos grans objectiu de recerca: 1. Analitzar el grau de desenvolupament dels repositoris d’OER d’educació superior respecte a les seves funcionalitats de reutilització i els aspectes educatius. 2. Conèixer les percepcions dels usuaris d’OER a l’hora de reutilitzar aquests recursos. És a dir, establir les consideracions més influents en la seva decisió de realitzar activitats educatives obertes. L’objectiu final, que relaciona ambdós estudis, és el d’establir un marc que relacioni les necessitats dels usuaris a l’hora de reutilitzar els recursos oberts amb les funcionalitats que han de disposar els repositoris educatius per tal de facilitar la pràctica de la reutilització. D’aquesta manera, serà possible proposar recomanacions a tenir en compte i que ajudin a dissenyar els repositoris i guiar l’actuació de tots els agents implicats amb els OER, per tal de potenciar la seva reutilització. La tesi s’estructura en sis capítols. El primer correspon a una introducció per a contextualitzar l’objecte d’estudi. El segon consisteix en una exhaustiva revisió bibliogràfica sobre els OERs, els repositoris educatius, els usuaris d’OER i les pràctiques educatives obertes, per tal de dibuixar un estat de la qüestió complet. Per una banda, es tracten els antecedents i la progressió del moviment dels OER així com les institucions involucrades i la recerca realitzada. Per altra banda, s’expliquen les característiques dels repositoris educatius i la seva evolució, s’examinen les diferents tipologies d’usuaris d’OER i s’ofereix una panoràmica de les pràctiques educatives obertes. En el tercer capítol es porta a terme l’avaluació dels repositoris educatius (primer objectiu de la tesi), sobre la base d’una proposta pròpia d’indicadors de reutilització i aspectes educacionals, elaborada a partir d’una actualització de la revisió bibliogràfica realitzada prèviament, i la definició d’una població de 110 repositoris. Es realitza un anàlisi de contingut de cada lloc web dels repositoris, extraient la informació rellevant per a cada indicador i comprovant la seva presència o absència entre les funcionalitats ofertes pels repositoris. Finalment, s’ha portat a terme una categorització dels repositoris segons el compliment dels indicadors de reutilització i educacionals per tal d’establir el seu grau de desenvolupament. El quart capítol està dedicat a estudiar les percepcions dels usuaris d’OER respecte als factors que consideren més o menys importants a l’hora de decidir usar-los, reutilitzar-los o compartir-los (segon objectiu de la tesi). Concretament es presenten els resultats i principals conclusions de l’enquesta en línia Oriole Survey 2013, disponible en dues versions idiomàtiques (anglès i espanyol), dirigida a la comunitat internacional d’usuaris d’OER; que formà part del projecte Open Resources: Influence on Learners and Educational project (Oriole) . En el cinquè capítol es presenten les conclusions que relacionen els estudis realitzats en els dos capítols anteriors: és a dir, repositoris educatius i percepcions d’usuaris d’OER. En primer lloc, s’estableixen connexions entre les influències expressades pels usuaris a l’hora de reutilitzar recursos educatius oberts i els indicadors i dimensions proposats per l’avaluació dels repositoris. En segon lloc, s’arriba a unes conclusions generals que tracten de discernir fins a quin punt els repositoris educatius i les seves funcionalitats donen resposta a les necessitats dels usuaris d’OER quan decideixen realitzar alguna activitat educativa oberta. En un capítol final es proposen una sèrie de recomanacions a tenir en compte per la millora de la reutilització dels OER.In the past decade, the Open Educational Resources (OER) movement has gained ground and expanded exponentially. Previously, there were only localized OER initiatives; now OER are recognized and supported by key international institutions, governments and funders worldwide. Although OER have become more significant worldwide and their availability and use have expanded, the movement has still not achieved its full potential and entered the mainstream education system. This doctoral thesis provides, on the one hand, an overview of the current state of repositories of open educational resources (ROER) in higher education at international level, specifically to clarify the understanding of the reuse of OER and the needs of the education context provided by educational repositories. On the other hand, it gathers useful information on perceptions and behaviour patterns regarding the use, reuse and sharing of OER by their own users. The first research was based on a content analysis methodology and consisted of two phases: an exploration of international sources, and an analysis of 110 ROER using the proposed set of indicators. The results focus on data from the analysis of their websites and some models of good practices. They are presented according to three core dimensions for evaluating ROER: general factors to establish types of repositories, a focus on drivers for OER reuse; and a focus on educational aspects. It was found that most of the ROER that included one or more of the proposed reuse indicators were created exclusively for educational resources. Educational aspects are not yet firmly embedded into ROER. The few repositories that seem to have successfully included them are those that provide other educational metadata and use educational standards. The research method of the second study was focused on a survey, which was part of the “Open Resources: Influence on Learners and Educators” (Oriole) project, based on the Institute of Educational Technology of The Open University of United Kingdom. The international online Oriole Survey 2013, available in English and Spanish, was conducted through practitioner OER communities to collect information about the contexts in which open resource use may occur; looking particularly at attitudes about reuse of OER in teaching. What influences open resources in education is a topic of relevance to anyone taking on forward engagement with open education and the answers lie with those who are working directly in the delivery of learning and teaching, which will serve to design repositories more tailored to their needs
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Desenvolupament i reutilització dels recursos educatius oberts en la docència universitària: repositoris i usuaris
'Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona', 2018Co-Authors: Santos-hermosa GemaAbstract:[cat] La present tesi doctoral estudia la reutilització dels recursos educatius oberts (Open Educational Resources, OER) dins l’educació superior des d’un punt de vista doble: segons la predisposició i/o preparació dels repositoris de recursos educatius oberts i també tenint en compte les percepcions i/o requeriments dels seus usuaris. Per tant, els usuaris i els repositoris d’OER són els protagonistes i constitueixen, per tant, els objectes d’estudi dels dos grans objectiu de recerca: 1. Analitzar el grau de desenvolupament dels repositoris d’OER d’educació superior respecte a les seves funcionalitats de reutilització i els aspectes educatius. 2. Conèixer les percepcions dels usuaris d’OER a l’hora de reutilitzar aquests recursos. És a dir, establir les consideracions més influents en la seva decisió de realitzar activitats educatives obertes. L’objectiu final, que relaciona ambdós estudis, és el d’establir un marc que relacioni les necessitats dels usuaris a l’hora de reutilitzar els recursos oberts amb les funcionalitats que han de disposar els repositoris educatius per tal de facilitar la pràctica de la reutilització. D’aquesta manera, serà possible proposar recomanacions a tenir en compte i que ajudin a dissenyar els repositoris i guiar l’actuació de tots els agents implicats amb els OER, per tal de potenciar la seva reutilització. La tesi s’estructura en sis capítols. El primer correspon a una introducció per a contextualitzar l’objecte d’estudi. El segon consisteix en una exhaustiva revisió bibliogràfica sobre els OERs, els repositoris educatius, els usuaris d’OER i les pràctiques educatives obertes, per tal de dibuixar un estat de la qüestió complet. Per una banda, es tracten els antecedents i la progressió del moviment dels OER així com les institucions involucrades i la recerca realitzada. Per altra banda, s’expliquen les característiques dels repositoris educatius i la seva evolució, s’examinen les diferents tipologies d’usuaris d’OER i s’ofereix una panoràmica de les pràctiques educatives obertes. En el tercer capítol es porta a terme l’avaluació dels repositoris educatius (primer objectiu de la tesi), sobre la base d’una proposta pròpia d’indicadors de reutilització i aspectes educacionals, elaborada a partir d’una actualització de la revisió bibliogràfica realitzada prèviament, i la definició d’una població de 110 repositoris. Es realitza un anàlisi de contingut de cada lloc web dels repositoris, extraient la informació rellevant per a cada indicador i comprovant la seva presència o absència entre les funcionalitats ofertes pels repositoris. Finalment, s’ha portat a terme una categorització dels repositoris segons el compliment dels indicadors de reutilització i educacionals per tal d’establir el seu grau de desenvolupament. El quart capítol està dedicat a estudiar les percepcions dels usuaris d’OER respecte als factors que consideren més o menys importants a l’hora de decidir usar-los, reutilitzar-los o compartir-los (segon objectiu de la tesi). Concretament es presenten els resultats i principals conclusions de l’enquesta en línia Oriole Survey 2013, disponible en dues versions idiomàtiques (anglès i espanyol), dirigida a la comunitat internacional d’usuaris d’OER; que formà part del projecte Open Resources: Influence on Learners and Educational project (Oriole) . En el cinquè capítol es presenten les conclusions que relacionen els estudis realitzats en els dos capítols anteriors: és a dir, repositoris educatius i percepcions d’usuaris d’OER. En primer lloc, s’estableixen connexions entre les influències expressades pels usuaris a l’hora de reutilitzar recursos educatius oberts i els indicadors i dimensions proposats per l’avaluació dels repositoris. En segon lloc, s’arriba a unes conclusions generals que tracten de discernir fins a quin punt els repositoris educatius i les seves funcionalitats donen resposta a les necessitats dels usuaris d’OER quan decideixen realitzar alguna activitat educativa oberta. En un capítol final es proposen una sèrie de recomanacions a tenir en compte per la millora de la reutilització dels OER.[eng] In the past decade, the Open Educational Resources (OER) movement has gained ground and expanded exponentially. Previously, there were only localized OER initiatives; now OER are recognized and supported by key international institutions, governments and funders worldwide. Although OER have become more significant worldwide and their availability and use have expanded, the movement has still not achieved its full potential and entered the mainstream education system. This doctoral thesis provides, on the one hand, an overview of the current state of repositories of open educational resources (ROER) in higher education at international level, specifically to clarify the understanding of the reuse of OER and the needs of the education context provided by educational repositories. On the other hand, it gathers useful information on perceptions and behaviour patterns regarding the use, reuse and sharing of OER by their own users. The first research was based on a content analysis methodology and consisted of two phases: an exploration of international sources, and an analysis of 110 ROER using the proposed set of indicators. The results focus on data from the analysis of their websites and some models of good practices. They are presented according to three core dimensions for evaluating ROER: general factors to establish types of repositories, a focus on drivers for OER reuse; and a focus on educational aspects. It was found that most of the ROER that included one or more of the proposed reuse indicators were created exclusively for educational resources. Educational aspects are not yet firmly embedded into ROER. The few repositories that seem to have successfully included them are those that provide other educational metadata and use educational standards. The research method of the second study was focused on a survey, which was part of the “Open Resources: Influence on Learners and Educators” (Oriole) project, based on the Institute of Educational Technology of The Open University of United Kingdom. The international online Oriole Survey 2013, available in English and Spanish, was conducted through practitioner OER communities to collect information about the contexts in which open resource use may occur; looking particularly at attitudes about reuse of OER in teaching. What influences open resources in education is a topic of relevance to anyone taking on forward engagement with open education and the answers lie with those who are working directly in the delivery of learning and teaching, which will serve to design repositories more tailored to their needs
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Oriole, in the Search for Evidence of OER in Teaching. Experiences in the Use, Re-use and the Sharing and Influence of Repositories
2014Co-Authors: Santos-hermosa GemaAbstract:The study presented here aims to gather useful information on the use, re-reuse and sharing of resources in Education and also the influence of repositories, to better understand the perspective of individual practitioners and suggest future areas of debate for researchers. Open Resources: Influence on Learners and Educators (Oriole) project, was based within the Institute of Educational Technology, The Open University (OU) from 2009-2013 and focused on investigating, understanding and disseminating about use and reuse of open resources in learning and teaching. This paper focuses on the second survey activity of this project. During 2011 (Pegler, 2012), an extensive online survey about reuse of educational resources was conducted through (mainly UK-based) practitioner communities. In 2013, a more international version was created (available in English and Spanish) and circulated during that year (http://bit.ly/OERsurvey_2013). The Oriole Survey 2013 collected information about the contexts in which open resource use may occur, looking particularly at attitudes about reuse of educational resources (OER) in teaching. What influences open resources in education is a topic of relevance to anyone taking on forward engagement with open education and the answers lie with those who are working directly in the delivery of learning and teaching, and those who support this work. It is hoped that this qualitative analysis will provide a deeper understanding of the differences in the motivation to engage with OER and the shifts in experience and expectations across diverse contexts.El presente estudio tiene como objetivo recopilar información útil sobre el uso, reutilización y compartición de recursos educativos y la influencia de los repositorios, para comprender mejor la perspectiva de los académicos y sugerir futuros ámbitos de debate a los investigadores. Open Resources: Influence on Learners and Educators (Oriole) se basa en el Instituto de Tecnología de la Educación, The Open University (OU), el periodo 2009-2013 y trata de la investigación, comprensión y difusión del uso y la reutilización de los recursos abiertos en el aprendizaje y enseñanza. Este artículo se centra en la segunda encuesta llevada a cabo dentro del proyecto Oriole. Durante el año 2011 (Pegler, 2012) se realizó una amplia encuesta en línea acerca de la reutilización de los recursos educativos, a través de las comunidades académicas (principalmente en el Reino Unido). En 2013, se creó una versión más internacional de la encuesta anterior (disponible en Inglés y Español) que estuvo en circulación durante ese año (http://bit.ly/OERsurvey_2013). La Encuesta Oriole 2013 recopiló información acerca de los contextos en los cuales se puede producir el uso de recursos abiertos, prestando especial atención a las actitudes acerca de la reutilización de los recursos educativos en la enseñanza. Qué influencia tienen los recursos abiertos en la educación es un tema de interés para cualquier persona involucrada en la educación abierta y las respuestas se encuentran entre los que están trabajando directamente en la impartición de enseñanza, y también entre los que dan soporte a este trabajo. Se espera que este análisis qualitativo proporcione una comprensión más profunda de las diferentes motivaciones que juegan un papel en la adopción de los recursos educativos abiertos, las experiencias y expectativas que se presentan en diversos contextos
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Oriole, en la Búsqueda de Evidencias de Recursos Educativos Abiertos en la Enseñanza. Experiencias en la Utilización, re-utilización, Compartición e Influencia de Repositorios de Recursos Educativos
Hipatia Press, 2014Co-Authors: Santos-hermosa GemaAbstract:The study presented here aims to gather useful information on the use, re-reuse and sharing of resources in Education and also the influence of repositories, to better understand the perspective of individual practitioners and suggest future areas of debate for researchers.Open Resources: Influence on Learners and Educators (Oriole) project, was based within the Institute of Educational Technology, The Open University (OU) from 2009-2013 and focused on investigating, understanding and disseminating about use and reuse of open resources in learning and teaching. This paper focuses on the second survey activity of this project. During 2011 (Pegler, 2012), an extensive online survey about reuse of educational resources was conducted through (mainly UK-based) practitioner communities. In 2013, a more international version was created (available in English and Spanish) and circulated during that year (http://bit.ly/OERsurvey_2013).The Oriole Survey 2013 collected information about the contexts in which open resource use may occur, looking particularly at attitudes about reuse of educational resources (OER) in teaching. What influences open resources in education is a topic of relevance to anyone taking on forward engagement with open education and the answers lie with those who are working directly in the delivery of learning and teaching, and those who support this work.It is hoped that this qualitative analysis will provide a deeper understanding of the differences in the motivation to engage with OER and the shifts in experience and expectations across diverse contexts. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo recopilar información útil sobre el uso, reutilización y compartición de recursos educativos y la influencia de los repositorios, para comprender mejor la perspectiva de los académicos y sugerir futuros ámbitos de debate a los investigadores. Open Resources: Influence on Learners and Educators (Oriole) se basa en el Instituto de Tecnología de la Educación, The Open University (OU), el periodo 2009-2013 y trata de la investigación, comprensión y difusión del uso y la reutilización de los recursos abiertos en el aprendizaje y enseñanza. Este artículo se centra en la segunda encuesta llevada a cabo dentro del proyecto Oriole. Durante el año 2011 (Pegler, 2012) se realizó una amplia encuesta en línea acerca de la reutilización de los recursos educativos, a través de las comunidades académicas (principalmente en el Reino Unido). En 2013, se creó una versión más internacional de la encuesta anterior (disponible en Inglés y Español) que estuvo en circulación durante ese año (http://bit.ly/OERsurvey_2013). La Encuesta Oriole 2013 recopiló información acerca de los contextos en los cuales se puede producir el uso de recursos abiertos, prestando especial atención a las actitudes acerca de la reutilización de los recursos educativos en la enseñanza. Qué influencia tienen los recursos abiertos en la educación es un tema de interés para cualquier persona involucrada en la educación abierta y las respuestas se encuentran entre los que están trabajando directamente en la impartición de enseñanza, y también entre los que dan soporte a este trabajo. Se espera que este análisis qualitativo proporcione una comprensión más profunda de las diferentes motivaciones que juegan un papel en la adopción de los recursos educativos abiertos, las experiencias y expectativas que se presentan en diversos contextos
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Investigating sharing & reuse of open resources. Evidence of OER experience and expectations: Investigating a ‘project effect’
2013Co-Authors: Pegler Chris, Santos-hermosa GemaAbstract:This presentation includes preliminar results of the Oriole Survey 2013. The Oriole project is based at the Institute of Educational Technology, UK OU, and centres on understanding and informing about the use and reuse of educational and open resources
José Antonio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Salida de campo por Valladolid el 25 de abril de 1953
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Salida de campo por Valladolid capital, desde la caseta hasta la Casa del Sotillo, el 25 de abril de 1953, de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre las siguientes aves: Caprimulgus ruficollis (Chotacabras cuellirojo), Carduelis chloris (Verderón común, llamado Chloris chloris por el autor), Cettia cetti (Ruiseñor bastardo), Erithacus rubecula (Petirrojo), Luscinia sp. (Ruiseñor), Oriolus oriolus (Oropéndola), Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Colirrojo real), Serinus serinus (Verdecillo), Sylvia atricapilla (Curruca capirotada) and Sylvia communis (Curruca zarcera). Incluye un esquema del canto de un Ruiseñor bastardo.Field trip through the city of Valladolid, from the hut to the Casa del Sotillo (meaning House of the Sotillo), the 25th of April of 1953, of which there were noted observations about the following birds: Caprimulgus ruficollis (Red-necked Nightjar), Carduelis chloris (European Greenfinch, refered as Chloris chloris by the author), Cettia cetti (Cetti´s Warbler), Erithacus rubecula (European Robin), Luscinia megarhynchos (Common Nightingale), Oriolus oriolus (Eurasian Golden-Oriole), Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Common Redstart), Serinus serinus (European Serin), Sylvia atricapilla (Blackcap) and Sylvia communis (Common Whitethroat). A diagram of the singing of a Cetti´s Warbler is also included
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Oriolus oriolus
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Recopilación de observaciones de Oropéndolas (Oriolus oriolus) realizadas en numerosas localidades de Valladolid, Poza de la Sal (Burgos), Toro (Zamora) y Herrera de Pisuerga (Palencia), así como datos sobre puestas y crías, tomados durante diferentes salidas realizadas entre el 18 de mayo de 1943 y el 2 de septiembre de 1956. Se incluyen algunos manuscritos sobre la ecología de la especies.Compilation of observations the Eurasian Golden-Oriole (Oriolus oriolus) carried out at several villages of the province of Valladolid, at Poza de la Sal (Burgos), Toro (Zamora) and Herrera de Pisuerga (Palencia), as well as data about layings and breeding behavior, achieved through different field trips carried out between the 18th of May of 1943 and the 2nd of September of 1956. Some manuscripts about the ecology of the species are included
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Salida de campo a la Bauvine des Bacasses (Francia) el 20 de mayo de 1954
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Salida de campo del autor con Olga y Orcina, a la Bauvine des Bacasses, seguramente cerca de la reserva natural de La Camarga (Provenza, Francia), durante la mañana del 20 de mayo de 1954, de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre las siguientes aves: Ardea sp. (Garza), Egretta garzetta (Garceta común), Oriolus oriolus (Oropéndola), Phylloscopus trochilus (Mosquitero musical), Remiz pendulinus (Pájaro moscón) y Strix aluco (Cárabo común).Field trip of the author and Olga and Orcina, to the Bauvine des Bacesses, probably near to the nature reserve of The Camargue (Provenza, France), during the morning of the 20th of May of 1954, of which there were noted observations about the following birds: Ardea sp. (Heron), Egretta garzetta (Little Egret), Oriolus oriolus (Eurasian Golden-Oriole), Phylloscopus trochilus (Willow Warbler), Remiz pendulinus (Eurasian Penduline-tit) and Strix aluco (Tawny Owl)
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Salida de campo a Cubillas de Santa Marta (Valladolid) el 28 de agosto de 1955
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Salida de campo a Cubillas (Valladolid) el 28 de agosto de 1955, del autor con su hermano Carlos (o bien sólo este último), de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre las siguientes aves: Asio otus (Búho chico), Coturnix coturnix (Codorniz común), Falco naumanni (Cernícalo primilla), Falco subbuteo (Alcotán), Gyps fulvus (Buitre leonado), Merops apiaster (Abejaruco europeo), Oriolus oriolus (Oropéndola) y Upupa epops (Abubilla, también llamada Bubillo por el autor).Field trip to Cubillas (Valladolid) the 28th of August of 1955, of the author and his brother Carlos (or maybe only the last one), of which there were noted observations about the following birds: Asio otus (Long-eared Owl), Coturnix coturnix (Common Quail), Falco naumanni (Lesser Kestrel), Falco subbuteo (Eurasian Hobby), Gyps fulvus (Eurasian Griffon), Merops apiaster (European Bee-eater), Oriolus oriolus (Eurasian Golden-Oriole) and Upupa epops (Eurasia Hoopoe)
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Salida de campo a los cortados de Corcos - Aguilarejo (Valladolid) el 21 de abril de 1953
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Salida de campo del autor y Féliz Rodríguez de la Fuente a los cortados de Aguilarejo y Corcos, en la provincia de Valladolid, el 21 de abril de 1953, de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre las siguientes aves: Anas platyrhynchos (Ánade azulón, también llamado Pato bravío por el autor), Corvus corax (Cuervo), Corvus monedula (Grajilla, llamada Coloeus por el autor), Falco peregrinus (Halcón peregrino, también llamado Alcotán palomero), Milvus migrans (Milano negro), Neophron percnopterus (Alimoche común, también conocido como Buitre blanco) y Oriolus oriolus (Oropéndola).Field trip of the author and Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente to the gulches of Aguilarejo and Corcos, in the province of Valladolid, the 21st of April of 1953, of which there were noted observations about the following birds: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard), Corvus corax (Common Raven), Corvus monedula (Eurasian Jackdaw, refered as Coloeus by the author), Falco peregrinus (Peregrine Falcon), Milvus migrans (Black Kite), Neophron percnopterus (Egyptian Vulture) and Oriolus oriolus (Eurasian Golden-Oriole)
Sabine J Fritz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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regular articlea molecular phylogeny of the new world Orioles icterus the importance of dense taxon sampling
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 1999Co-Authors: Kevin E Omland, Scott M Lanyon, Sabine J FritzAbstract:We sequenced 2005 bp of the mitochondrial ND2 and cytochrome b genes from the 25 recognized species of New World Orioles (Icterus). Our data confirmed the monophyly of Icterus and produced a well-resolved phylogeny showing three main clades of Orioles. We also sequenced multiple subspecies for most polytypic taxa. Our findings demonstrated the importance of dense taxon sampling below the species level in two ways. First, we found evidence that two species are polyphyletic, I. galbula (Northern Oriole) and I. dominicensis (Black-cowled Oriole). Choosing different subspecies from either of these taxa would lead to different species-level phylogenies. Second, adding subspecies even to monophyletic groups produced a bootstrap tree with significantly more support. Of the two genes that we used, ND2 provided more resolution than did cytochrome b. ND2 evolved up to 40% faster than cytochrome b, yet shows a higher saturation threshold. Our findings suggest that ND2 may be superior to cytochrome b for resolving species-level phylogenies in passerine birds.
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a molecular phylogeny of the new world Orioles icterus the importance of dense taxon sampling
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 1999Co-Authors: Kevin E Omland, Scott M Lanyon, Sabine J FritzAbstract:We sequenced 2005 bp of the mitochondrial ND2 and cytochrome b genes from the 25 recognized species of New World Orioles (Icterus). Our data confirmed the monophyly of Icterus and produced a well-resolved phylogeny showing three main clades of Orioles. We also sequenced multiple subspecies for most polytypic taxa. Our findings demonstrated the importance of dense taxon sampling below the species level in two ways. First, we found evidence that two species are polyphyletic, I. galbula (Northern Oriole) and I. dominicensis (Black-cowled Oriole). Choosing different subspecies from either of these taxa would lead to different species-level phylogenies. Second, adding subspecies even to monophyletic groups produced a bootstrap tree with significantly more support. Of the two genes that we used, ND2 provided more resolution than did cytochrome b. ND2 evolved up to 40% faster than cytochrome b, yet shows a higher saturation threshold. Our findings suggest that ND2 may be superior to cytochrome b for resolving species-level phylogenies in passerine birds.
Hayes William - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diverse habitat use during two life stages of the critically endangered Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi): community structure, foraging, and social interactions
'PeerJ', 2017Co-Authors: Price Melissa, Hayes WilliamAbstract:Our ability to prevent extinction in declining populations often depends on effective management of habitats that are disturbed through wildfire, logging, agriculture, or development. In these disturbed landscapes, the juxtaposition of multiple habitat types can be especially important to fledglings and young birds, which may leave breeding grounds in human-altered habitat for different habitats nearby that provide increased foraging opportunities, reduced competition, and higher protection from predators. In this study, we evaluated the importance of three habitat types to two life stages of the critically endangered Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi), a synanthropic songbird endemic to Andros, The Bahamas. First, we determined the avian species composition and relative abundance of I. northropi among three major vegetation types on Andros: Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea) forest, coppice (broadleaf dry forest), and anthropogenic areas, dominated by nonnative vegetation (farmland and developed land). We then compared the foraging strategies and social interactions of two age classes of adult Bahama Orioles in relation to differential habitat use. Bird surveys late in the Bahama Oriole's breeding season indicated the number of avian species and Bahama Oriole density were highest in coppice. Some bird species occurring in the coppice and pine forest were never observed in agricultural or residential areas, and may be at risk if human disturbance of pine forest and coppice increases, as is occurring at a rapid pace on Andros. During the breeding season, second-year (SY) adult Bahama Orioles foraged in all vegetation types, whereas after-second-year (ASY) adults were observed foraging only in anthropogenic areas, where the species nested largely in introduced coconut palms (Cocos nucifera). Additionally, SY adults foraging in anthropogenic areas were often observed with an ASY adult, suggesting divergent habitat use for younger, unpaired birds. Other aspects of foraging (vegetation features, food-gleaning behavior, and food items) were similar for the two age classes. Older Bahama Orioles exhibited relatively higher rates of social interactions (intraspecific and interspecific pooled) in anthropogenic areas, and won more interaction outcomes compared to younger adults. Our findings concur with those of other studies indicating dry broadleaf forest is vitally important to migrating, wintering, and resident birds, including the critically endangered Bahama Oriole, which appears to depend heavily on this vegetation type during certain life stages
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morphological and genetic variation of the yellow backed Oriole icterus chrysater across its widely disjunct distribution in central america
The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 2016Co-Authors: Maria Nandadevi Cortesrodriguez, Rachel J Sturge, Kevin E OmlandAbstract:ABSTRACT Geographic barriers between populations of a species can result in divergence of genes, morphology, or behaviors that can lead to speciation. The Yellow-backed Oriole (Icterus chrysater) is distributed from southern Mexico to Colombia, but with a major range disjunction of 600 km in Costa Rica. We examined molecular and morphological data for differences between northern and southern populations. We sequenced the mitochondrial control region and six nuclear introns. Genetic data show strong north–south population structure with evidence of gene flow. The evidence of gene flow between populations is surprising because of the large geographic break between populations. We also measured six morphological characters from specimens collected along the species’ distribution and found shallow north–south divergence.
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environmental niche modeling reveals climatic differences among breeding ranges of orchard Oriole subspecies
American Midland Naturalist, 2011Co-Authors: Michael D Martin, Kevin E OmlandAbstract:Environmental niche parameters of breeding ranges for two subspecies in the Orchard Oriole complex (Icterus spurius spurius and I. s. fuertesi) were characterized via ecological niche modeling. Niche models formulated from museum specimen collections largely agree with published breeding ranges of both taxa. Furthermore, our findings identify likely suitable habitat of migratory double breeding in I. s. spurius. Models successfully identify suitable habitat as illustrated by threshold dependent and independent statistical tests and overlap very little in geographic space. Principal component analysis (PCA) identifies two axes explaining 99.0% of variation in the climate data and reveals that each breeding range exhibits unique ecological characteristics, as they occur in nonoverlapping PCA space. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) identifies significant differences along both axes (PC1, P , 0.0001; PC2, P , 0.0001). A newly formulated metric for niche similarity (I) agrees with PCA and ENM results and, further, indicates that environmental niche differences are more likely a result of differences in habitat availability than habitat preference. Our results may indicate rapid change in environmental niche within the Orchard Oriole group as these taxa have been diverging for approximately 200,000 y. The Orchard Oriole group provides an example of niche lability that contrasts with evidence of niche conservatism between many other Mexican species pairs.
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regular articlea molecular phylogeny of the new world Orioles icterus the importance of dense taxon sampling
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 1999Co-Authors: Kevin E Omland, Scott M Lanyon, Sabine J FritzAbstract:We sequenced 2005 bp of the mitochondrial ND2 and cytochrome b genes from the 25 recognized species of New World Orioles (Icterus). Our data confirmed the monophyly of Icterus and produced a well-resolved phylogeny showing three main clades of Orioles. We also sequenced multiple subspecies for most polytypic taxa. Our findings demonstrated the importance of dense taxon sampling below the species level in two ways. First, we found evidence that two species are polyphyletic, I. galbula (Northern Oriole) and I. dominicensis (Black-cowled Oriole). Choosing different subspecies from either of these taxa would lead to different species-level phylogenies. Second, adding subspecies even to monophyletic groups produced a bootstrap tree with significantly more support. Of the two genes that we used, ND2 provided more resolution than did cytochrome b. ND2 evolved up to 40% faster than cytochrome b, yet shows a higher saturation threshold. Our findings suggest that ND2 may be superior to cytochrome b for resolving species-level phylogenies in passerine birds.
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a molecular phylogeny of the new world Orioles icterus the importance of dense taxon sampling
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 1999Co-Authors: Kevin E Omland, Scott M Lanyon, Sabine J FritzAbstract:We sequenced 2005 bp of the mitochondrial ND2 and cytochrome b genes from the 25 recognized species of New World Orioles (Icterus). Our data confirmed the monophyly of Icterus and produced a well-resolved phylogeny showing three main clades of Orioles. We also sequenced multiple subspecies for most polytypic taxa. Our findings demonstrated the importance of dense taxon sampling below the species level in two ways. First, we found evidence that two species are polyphyletic, I. galbula (Northern Oriole) and I. dominicensis (Black-cowled Oriole). Choosing different subspecies from either of these taxa would lead to different species-level phylogenies. Second, adding subspecies even to monophyletic groups produced a bootstrap tree with significantly more support. Of the two genes that we used, ND2 provided more resolution than did cytochrome b. ND2 evolved up to 40% faster than cytochrome b, yet shows a higher saturation threshold. Our findings suggest that ND2 may be superior to cytochrome b for resolving species-level phylogenies in passerine birds.