The Experts below are selected from a list of 165 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Howard Rachlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is talking to yourself thinking
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2017Co-Authors: Howard RachlinAbstract:The question whether talking to yourself is thinking is considered from two viewpoints: radical Behaviorism and teleological Behaviorism. For radical Behaviorism, following Skinner (1945), mental events such as 'thinking' may be explained in terms of private Behavior occurring within the body, ordinarily unobservable by other people; thus, radical Behaviorism may identify talking to yourself with thinking. However, to be consistent with its basic principles, radical Behaviorism must hold that private Behavior, hence thinking, is identical with cOvert muscular, speech movements (rather than proprioception of those movements). For teleological Behaviorism, following Skinner (1938), all mental terms, including 'thinking,' stand for abstract, temporally extended patterns of Overt Behavior. Thus, for teleological Behaviorism, talking to yourself, cOvert by definition, cannot be thinking.
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Our Overt Behavior makes us human.
The Behavior analyst, 2012Co-Authors: Howard RachlinAbstract:The four commentaries all make excellent points; they are all fair and serve to complement the target article. Because they are also quite diverse, it makes more sense to respond to them individually rather than topically.
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Problems with internalization
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2005Co-Authors: Howard RachlinAbstract:Ainslie's Breakdown of Will contains important insights into real world self-control problems, but it loses testability to the extent that it internalizes concepts whose meaning lies in Overt Behavior and its consequences.
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Philosophical Behaviorism: a review of things that happen because they should: a teleological approach to action, by Rowland Stout.
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1999Co-Authors: Howard RachlinAbstract:Mentalistic terms such as belief and desire have been rejected by Behavior analysts because they are traditionally held to refer to unobservable events inside the organism. Behavior analysis has consequently been viewed by philosophers to be at best irrelevant to psychology, understood as a science of the mind. In this book, the philosopher Rowland Stout argues cogently that beliefs and desires (like operants such as rats' lever presses) are best understood in terms of an interaction over time between Overt Behavior and its Overt consequences (a viewpoint called teleological Behaviorism). This book is important because it identifies the science of the mind with the science of Overt Behavior and implies that the psychologists best equipped to study mental life are not those who purport to do so but those who focus on the experimental analysis of Behavior.
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The elusive quale
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1995Co-Authors: Howard RachlinAbstract:If sensations were Behaviorally conceived, as they should be, as complex functional patterns of interaction between Overt Behavior and the environment, there would be no point in searching for them as instantaneous psychic elements (qualia) within the brain or as internal products of the brain.
Carlo Giacomo Prato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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them or us perceptions cognitions emotions and Overt Behavior associated with cyclists and motorists sharing the road
International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2016Co-Authors: Sigal Kaplan, Carlo Giacomo PratoAbstract:In emerging cycling regions, cyclists and motorists share the road due to cycling infrastructure scarcity. This study investigates the chain of stimuli, cognition, emotion, and Behavior associated with the road-sharing experience through the thematic analysis of talk-backs posted in response to news items related to cyclist–motorist crashes. Results show: (a) cycling infrastructure scarcity and perceived road use rights trigger emotional stress; (b) motorists and cyclists perceive the road-sharing experience as life-threatening and experience anxiety, anger, and fear; (c) drivers' coping strategies are confrontational, problem-solving, and social-support seeking, while cyclists' coping strategies are avoidance, confrontational, and problem-solving.
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“Them or Us”: perceptions, cognitions, emotions and Overt Behavior associated with cyclists and motorists sharing the road
2013Co-Authors: Sigal Kaplan, Carlo Giacomo PratoAbstract:In emerging cycling regions, cyclists and motorists are forced to share the road due to cycling infrastructure scarcity. This study investigates the chain of external and internal stimuli, inferred cognition, emotion and Overt Behavior associated with the road sharing experience. The research methodology consists of a thematic-analysis of a heterogeneous sample of 1,844 talk-backs that were posted in response to news items related to cyclist-motorist traffic crashes in Israel. The results show: (i) cycling infrastructure scarcity and perceptions regarding the natural and legal rights of cyclists to use the road act as primary triggers for the emotional stress associated with road sharing; (ii) motorists and cyclists perceive the road sharing experience as life-threatening situation that induces extreme anxiety, anger and fear; (iii) the Overt coping strategies of drivers are confrontive, problem-solving and seeking social-support, while the Overt coping strategies of cyclists are escape-avoidance, confrontive and problem-solving.
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them or us perceptions cognitions emotions and Overt Behavior associated with cyclists and motorists sharing the road
Transportation Research Board (TRB) 92nd Annual Meeting, 2013Co-Authors: Sigal Kaplan, Carlo Giacomo PratoAbstract:In emerging cycling regions, cyclists and motorists are forced to share the road due to cycling infrastructure scarcity. This study investigates the chain of external and internal stimuli, inferred cognition, emotion and Overt Behavior associated with the road sharing experience. The research methodology consists of a thematic-analysis of a heterogeneous sample of 1,844 talk-backs that were posted in response to news items related to cyclist-motorist traffic crashes in Israel. The results show: (i) cycling infrastructure scarcity and perceptions regarding the natural and legal rights of cyclists to use the road act as primary triggers for the emotional stress associated with road sharing; (ii) motorists and cyclists perceive the road sharing experience as life-threatening situation that induces extreme anxiety, anger and fear; (iii) the Overt coping strategies of drivers are confrontive, problem-solving and seeking social-support, while the Overt coping strategies of cyclists are escape-avoidance, confrontive and problem-solving.
Sigal Kaplan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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them or us perceptions cognitions emotions and Overt Behavior associated with cyclists and motorists sharing the road
International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2016Co-Authors: Sigal Kaplan, Carlo Giacomo PratoAbstract:In emerging cycling regions, cyclists and motorists share the road due to cycling infrastructure scarcity. This study investigates the chain of stimuli, cognition, emotion, and Behavior associated with the road-sharing experience through the thematic analysis of talk-backs posted in response to news items related to cyclist–motorist crashes. Results show: (a) cycling infrastructure scarcity and perceived road use rights trigger emotional stress; (b) motorists and cyclists perceive the road-sharing experience as life-threatening and experience anxiety, anger, and fear; (c) drivers' coping strategies are confrontational, problem-solving, and social-support seeking, while cyclists' coping strategies are avoidance, confrontational, and problem-solving.
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“Them or Us”: perceptions, cognitions, emotions and Overt Behavior associated with cyclists and motorists sharing the road
2013Co-Authors: Sigal Kaplan, Carlo Giacomo PratoAbstract:In emerging cycling regions, cyclists and motorists are forced to share the road due to cycling infrastructure scarcity. This study investigates the chain of external and internal stimuli, inferred cognition, emotion and Overt Behavior associated with the road sharing experience. The research methodology consists of a thematic-analysis of a heterogeneous sample of 1,844 talk-backs that were posted in response to news items related to cyclist-motorist traffic crashes in Israel. The results show: (i) cycling infrastructure scarcity and perceptions regarding the natural and legal rights of cyclists to use the road act as primary triggers for the emotional stress associated with road sharing; (ii) motorists and cyclists perceive the road sharing experience as life-threatening situation that induces extreme anxiety, anger and fear; (iii) the Overt coping strategies of drivers are confrontive, problem-solving and seeking social-support, while the Overt coping strategies of cyclists are escape-avoidance, confrontive and problem-solving.
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them or us perceptions cognitions emotions and Overt Behavior associated with cyclists and motorists sharing the road
Transportation Research Board (TRB) 92nd Annual Meeting, 2013Co-Authors: Sigal Kaplan, Carlo Giacomo PratoAbstract:In emerging cycling regions, cyclists and motorists are forced to share the road due to cycling infrastructure scarcity. This study investigates the chain of external and internal stimuli, inferred cognition, emotion and Overt Behavior associated with the road sharing experience. The research methodology consists of a thematic-analysis of a heterogeneous sample of 1,844 talk-backs that were posted in response to news items related to cyclist-motorist traffic crashes in Israel. The results show: (i) cycling infrastructure scarcity and perceptions regarding the natural and legal rights of cyclists to use the road act as primary triggers for the emotional stress associated with road sharing; (ii) motorists and cyclists perceive the road sharing experience as life-threatening situation that induces extreme anxiety, anger and fear; (iii) the Overt coping strategies of drivers are confrontive, problem-solving and seeking social-support, while the Overt coping strategies of cyclists are escape-avoidance, confrontive and problem-solving.
A. Van Knippenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The relation between perception and Behavior or how to win a game of Trivial Pursuit
2005Co-Authors: Ap Dijksterhuis, A. Van KnippenbergAbstract:The authors tested and confirmed the hypothesis that priming a stereotype or trait leads to complex Overt Behavior in line with this activated stereotype or trait. Specifically, 4 experiments established that priming the stereotype of professors or the trait intelligent enhanced participants' performance on a scale measuring general knowledge. Also, priming the stereotype of soccer hooligans or the trait stupid reduced participants' performance on a general knowledge scale. Results of the experiments revealed (a) that prolonged priming leads to more pronounced Behavioral effects and (b) that there is no sign of decay of the effects for at least 15 min. The authors explain their results by claiming that perception has a direct and pervasive impact on Overt Behavior (cf. J. A. Bargh, M. Chen, & L. Burrows, 1996). Implications for human social Behavior are discussed.
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The relation between perception and Behavior, or how to win a game of Trivial Pursuit.
Journal of personality and social psychology, 1998Co-Authors: Ap Dijksterhuis, A. Van KnippenbergAbstract:The authors tested and confirmed the hypothesis that priming a stereotype or trait leads to complex Overt Behavior in line with this activated stereotype or trait. Specifically, 4 experiments established that priming the stereotype of professors or the trait intelligent enhanced participants' performance on a scale measuring general knowledge. Also, priming the stereotype of soccer hooligans or the trait stupid reduced participants' performance on a general knowledge scale. Results of the experiments revealed (a) that prolonged priming leads to more pronounced Behavioral effects and (b) that there is no sign of decay of the effects for at least 15 min. The authors explain their results by claiming that perception had a direct and pervasive impact on Overt Behavior (cf. J.A. Bargh, M. Chen, & L. Burrows, 1996). Implications for human social Behavior are discussed. Language: en
Lisa W Coyne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluating the effects of acceptance and commitment training on the Overt Behavior of parents of children with autism
Journal of contextual behavioral science, 2017Co-Authors: Evelyn R Gould, Jonathan Tarbox, Lisa W CoyneAbstract:Abstract Behavioral parent training is a critical component of treatment for children with autism, however, engaging parents effectively can be challenging. Despite evidence that private events can strongly influence parent Behavior and training outcomes, the topic has received minimal attention in the Behavioral literature thus far. Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) is a contemporary Behavioral approach to increasing adaptive, flexible repertoires of Behavior, by reducing control by problematic rule-deriving and rule-following. This study is the first to examine the effects of ACT on values-directed Overt Behavior in parents of children with ASD. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across participants was used to evaluate treatment effectiveness. Notable increases in Overt values-directed parent Behavior were observed for all participants. Gains maintained post-training, with the greatest effects observed more than 6 months post-training. Exploratory data suggested possible decreases in parental experiential avoidance and increases in self-compassion.
