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Andrew S. Cohen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Paleolimnology - Paleolimnology: The Past Meets the Future
    Paleolimnology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Andrew S. Cohen
    Abstract:

    Exciting days lie ahead for Paleolimnology. As we embark on a new millennium, the opportunities and challenges in this field are extremely bright. As an epilogue to this book, it seems appropriate to conclude with a few of the developments that seem to me particularly promising for the near future. 1. Increasing application of paleolimnological data to address problems in global climate change. Paleolimnologists need to make governments and societies aware of the importance of high-resolution paleorecords from lakes for providing information about baseline variability of the biosphere, consequences and histories of past climate change events, and past responses of our precious aquatic resources to such changes. Paleolimnology should and will increasingly play a role in providing decision-makers with critical information about earth system history as they formulate policies to cope with these changes. Few, if any, paleoenvironmental records provide earth history records in environments as intimately associated with human activity as lake deposits. Lakes and wetlands are increasingly recognized as potentially important components of the global carbon cycle, especially as environments for sequestering large volumes of carbon, and future research will undoubtedly quantify the magnitude and dynamics of this role. Paleolimnologists will need to work even more closely with climate modelers, hydrologists, and atmospheric scientists in years to come, to insure that the paleorecords we study will help resolve important questions about the earth’s climate system. 2. Advances in geobiology. The rapid developments of new and automated tools in molecular biology and organic geochemistry for analyzing small sample volumes and extracting compound-specific isotopic information from organic compounds have important implications for Paleolimnology. In years to come we will increasingly rely on organic geochemistry and microbial geobiology to help decipher the organic record of algal primary producers, decomposers, and other elements of the microbial food web. These are components of a lake’s ecosystem that ecologists recognize as immensely important in biogeochemical cycles and as being on the front line of lake responses to changes in climate and watershed processes, but which have heretofore been largely intractable to any detailed interpretation by paleolimnologists.

  • Paleolimnology - Paleolimnology in Deep Time: The Evolution of Lacustrine Ecosystems
    Paleolimnology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Andrew S. Cohen
    Abstract:

    Most lakes are geologically ephemeral; even the longest-lived individual lakes persist only for tens of millions of years. However there is a continuity to lake systems that transcends the geologically short history of individual lake basins. This continuity comes from the long-term biological evolution of life in freshwater, and fittingly, forms the final subject of this treatment of Paleolimnology. Like the oceans, lakes have provided habitats for living organisms for most of the earth’s history. Yet the patterns of aquatic ecosystem evolution in rivers and lakes have differed dramatically from those of the oceans. In large part this can be traced to the fundamentally ephemeral nature of most continental aquatic habitats and the ‘‘disconnectedness’’ in both time and space that exists between individual lakes and rivers compared with the world ocean. This pattern of temporal and spatial patchiness in water body distribution on the continents has shaped the evolution of lacustrine species and communities. Some understanding of this history can be gleaned from the study of modern ecology and molecular genetics of living freshwater organisms. But to understand long-term trends in lacustrine biodiversity and their relationship to the history of the lacustrine environment we must turn to the pre- Quaternary fossil record. Understanding this history, the timing and tempo of major species diversification and extinction events, and the evolution of key ecological innovations is critical for correctly interpreting ancient lake deposits. The fossil record of pre-Quaternary lakes is more difficult to interpret than that of more recent lake basins. Robust phylogenies are largely unavailable for clades of ancient lacustrine fossils, hindering our ability to test hypotheses of evolutionary ecology, although that situation hopefully will improve in coming years. Many major clades of fossil lacustrine organisms are extinct, and ecologies must be inferred from their depositional context. Even for organisms that have close-living relatives, our certainty in making inferences about habitat and relationship with other species weakens as we go back in time. Also the record we have to work with deteriorates with age, the result of (a) a declining volume of lake beds available for study with increasing age, (b) difficulties associated with processing lithified lake beds for their fossil content, and (c) an increasing likelihood of destruction by diagenesis with increasing age.

  • Paleolimnology - Paleolimnology at the Local to Regional Scale: Records of Changing Watersheds and Industrialization
    Paleolimnology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Andrew S. Cohen
    Abstract:

    Paleolimnologists have developed an impressive track record documenting the history of human influence on lakes and their surroundings, and using these historical inferences to help policy makers establish lake and ecosystem management goals. Our ability to do this depends on both a comparative analysis of multiple lake records, and a firmly established chronology. The comparative approach to Paleolimnology allows us to differentiate local phenomena resulting from peculiarities of study watersheds from regional phenomena. Comparison of records also allows the timing of events to be placed in a regional context, where explanations of processes that affect large areas, like lake acidification, regional patterns of air pollution, or landscape disturbance may be more broadly interpretable. Comparative Paleolimnology allows the researcher to study the multiple effects of local to regional-scale phenomena and differentiate them from global phenomena. Closely coupled with our requirement for a comparative approach to Paleolimnology is the need to place events in a highly resolved chronology, especially over the past 200 years, the period of greatest interest to understanding major human alternations of the environment. In many parts of the world, including the highly industrialized and relatively well-‘‘monitored’’ environments of North America and Europe, instrumental records of water quality are either spotty or unavailable. Until the 1960s, the number of lakes with regular monitoring programs for even basic limnological parameters was extremely small. And in regions with numerous water bodies, selection criteria for the investigation of lakes often has had more to do with proximity to major research facilities or peculiarities of road access than with the needs of society. Paleolimnological records integrate ecological signals at scales that are relevant to the interests of lake managers, who need to understand the timing and magnitude of human activities. Even when limnological monitoring is available, paleolimnological approaches can answer questions at temporal and spatial scales that are unattainable by the monitoring regime in place. The difficulty of understanding the history of human impacts on ecosystems is particularly acute in underdeveloped regions of the world, where access to monitoring equipment is limited. For lakes in these regions, Paleolimnology may provide the only practical and relatively inexpensive means of reconstructing impact histories.

  • Paleolimnology - Paleolimnology at the Regional to Global Scale: Records of Climate Change
    Paleolimnology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Andrew S. Cohen
    Abstract:

    Reconstructing climatic change is perhaps the single most common application of Paleolimnology. Paleoclimatology is a vast subject, and several entire books have been written on this subject alone (e.g., Crowley and North, 1991; Parrish, 1998; Bradley, 1999). Here we can only touch on some of the more important, interesting, and controversial aspects of climate history that are potentially recorded in lake sediments. As with human impact histories, archives of paleoclimate from individual lakes record responses from both local and regional events (e.g., Giraudi, 1998); teasing the two apart from a single basin often poses a difficult problem. In order to differentiate regional from global-scale changes in climate from lake deposits, it is also necessary that local influences on hydrology, such as drainage diversions, or changes in groundwater flow fields unrelated to climate, be understood. The problem of identifying regionally significant events becomes even more acute when the goals are to assess the rate at which climate changed from lake records or to assess the synchroneity of events between locations. All of these issues accentuate the importance of excellent geochronometry for paleoclimatic interpretation. Also, biological or physical mixing of sediments in any individual core record may mislead us into thinking a change was gradual when in fact it was rapid, whereas unrecognized small-scale unconformities in a single core could mislead us in the opposite direction (Dominik et al., 1992). Conversely, some lakes act to amplify climatic signals, particularly when they cross a threshold of limnological response to some climate variable (for example the transition from closed to open-lake conditions that might accompany an increasing precipitation:evaporation ratio). In this case a ‘‘gradual’’ climatic process might appear rapid from its depositional record. As with human impact studies, a common solution to these problems is to use a comparative-lake and/or comparative-indicator approach, identifying coherent patterns of change in indicators of precipitation, temperature, windiness, or other climate variables of interest throughout a region. This can be done using many of the types of biotic, geochemical, geophysical, or geomorphic indicators we have discussed in chapters 7–11.

  • Paleolimnology - The Chemical Environment of Lakes
    Paleolimnology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Andrew S. Cohen
    Abstract:

    Before discussing paleolimnological archives, we need to consider those aspects of limnology that regulate how information is produced, transmitted, and filtered through the water column. Although many limnological processes leave behind sedimentary clues of their existence or intensity and are thus amenable to paleolimnological analysis, others leave little or no detectable trace. Our consideration of limnology here emphasizes the former. Throughout the next three chapters we will examine the properties of lakes, the implications of these properties for Paleolimnology, and the types of physical, chemical, and biological information that can be transcribed into sedimentary archives. Physical processes in lakes are of interest because they act as intermediary hydroclimate filters between external forcing events of interest, like climate, and the paleolimnological record. For example, understanding the hydrology of a lake is important because water inputs and outputs, which are often controlled by climate, determine lake levels, which in turn are recorded by ancient shoreline elevations, or indirectly by salinity indicators. Light and heat penetration regulate the distribution of organisms and the mixing of the water column, recorded by the distribution of various fossils, sediment types, and geochemical characteristics of sediments. Also, current and wave activity affect the transport of sedimentary particles and therefore the distribution of sediment types around a lake basin. Understanding these physical processes therefore provides us with a means of linking sedimentological, geochemical, and paleobiological records of lake deposits to the external environment. Water enters and exits lakes through a variety of paths that comprise part of the earth’s hydrological cycle. The lake components of this cycle include a series of inputs and outputs of water, which in combination with the morphometry of the lake basin, collectively determine the lake’s level. Inputs include precipitation, surface runoff from rivers, and groundwater discharge into the lake. Outflows include surface outflow, evaporation, evapotranspiration losses from emergent aquatic plants, groundwater recharge, and hydration reactions with underlying sediments. If water inputs and outputs for a lake are equal over a short time span, the lake surface elevation will remain constant. This is approximately the case in most lakes that are surficially open basins.

John P. Smol - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Paleo-ecotoxicology: What Can Lake Sediments Tell Us about Ecosystem Responses to Environmental Pollutants?
    Environmental science & technology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jennifer B. Korosi, John P. Smol, Joshua R. Thienpont, Jules M. Blais
    Abstract:

    The development of effective risk reduction strategies for aquatic pollutants requires a comprehensive understanding of toxic impacts on ecosystems. Classical toxicological studies are effective for characterizing pollutant impacts on biota in a controlled, simplified environment. Nonetheless, it is well-acknowledged that predictions based on the results of these studies must be tested over the long-term in a natural ecosystem setting to account for increased complexity and multiple stressors. Paleolimnology (the study of lake sediment cores to reconstruct environmental change) can address many key knowledge gaps. When used as part of a weight-of-evidence framework with more traditional approaches in ecotoxicology, it can facilitate rapid advances in our understanding of the chronic effects of pollutants on ecosystems in an environmentally realistic, multistressor context. Paleolimnology played a central role in the Acid Rain debates, as it was instrumental in demonstrating industrial emissions caused aci...

  • assessing environmental stressors on a commercial walleye fishery from a large northern ecosystem tathlina lake using water chemistry and Paleolimnology
    Journal of Great Lakes Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Emily M Stewart, Jennifer B. Korosi, Joshua R. Thienpont, Jules M. Blais, Kristen A Coleman, Michael J Palmer, John P. Smol
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tathlina Lake (Northwest Territories, Canada) is a large, shallow ecosystem in the rapidly warming northern boreal forest. This lake is of considerable cultural and economic significance as it supports a commercially important walleye ( Sander vitreus ) fishery that has experienced large fluctuations since the 1940s, the causes of which are poorly understood. Here we used Paleolimnology to describe long-term environmental changes in the lake that may have contributed to recent collapses in walleye populations. The sub-fossil remains of diatoms and chironomids were used to assess changes in turbidity, nutrients, and oxygen levels, all of which are important to walleye. Minimal changes have occurred in diatom assemblages from the early 1920s to present, suggesting that turbidity and nutrients have not changed markedly in the lake. Hypoxia-tolerant chironomid taxa were found throughout the sediment record, and our modern water chemistry showed that oxygen levels were supersaturated in the summer, but close to the lower tolerance limit of walleye in winter. An increase in sedimentary chlorophyll- a since ~ 1940 suggests Tathlina Lake is affected by recent climate warming. Our findings indicate that walleye populations are likely regularly exposed to hypoxic winter conditions, which may increase the sensitivity of the population to other interacting stressors that occur with recent climate warming. Long-term records of environmental change in large, shallow northern lakes are rare, and Paleolimnology provides a framework to reconstruct missing monitoring data, especially in lakes that are economically and culturally important to northern communities.

  • Rick Battarbee and his many contributions to palaeolimnology
    Journal of Paleolimnology, 2013
    Co-Authors: H. John B. Birks, John P. Smol
    Abstract:

    The considerable contributions of Rick Battarbee to palaeolimnology are summarised under the broad headings of eutrophication, acidification, climate change, global change and freshwaters, technique development, research leadership, and research ambassador.

  • Tracking environmental change using lake sediments : data handling and numerical techniques
    2012
    Co-Authors: H. J. B. Birks, André F. Lotter, Steve Juggins, John P. Smol
    Abstract:

    Part I: Introduction, Numerical Overview, and Data-Sets. 1. The march towards the quantitative analysis of palaeolimnological data 2. Overview of numerical methods in palaeolimnology 3. Data-sets Part II: Numerical Methods for the Analysis of Modern and Stratigraphical Palaeolimnological Data 4. Introduction and overview of Part II 5. Exploratory data analysis and data display 6. Assessment of uncertainties associated with palaeolimnological laboratory methods and microfossil analysis 7. Clustering and partitioning 8. From classical to canonical ordination 9. Statistical learning in palaeolimnology Part III: Numerical Methods for the Analysis of Stratigraphical Palaeolimnological Data 10. Introduction and overview of Part III 11. Analysis of stratigraphical data 12. Estimation of age-depth relationships 13. Core correlation 14. Quantitative environmental reconstructions from biological data 15. Analogue methods in palaeolimnology 16. Autocorrelogram and periodogram analyses of palaeolimnological temporal-series from lakes in central and western North America to assess shifts in drought conditions Part IV: Case Studies and Future Developments in Quantitative Palaeolimnology 17. Introduction and overview of Part IV 18. Limnological responses to environmental changes at inter-annual to decadal time scales 19.Human impacts - applications of numerical methods to evaluate surface-water acidification and eutrophication 20.Tracking Holocene climatic change with aquatic biota from lake sediments: case studies of commonly used numerical techniques 21. Conclusions and future challenges.- Glossary, acronyms, and abbreviations Index

  • Changing of the guard at the Journal of Paleolimnology
    Journal of Paleolimnology, 2007
    Co-Authors: John P. Smol
    Abstract:

    As noted in an editorial published earlier this year (Smol 2007a) announcing the appointment of Mark Brenner as the new co-editor of the Journal of Paleolimnology (JOPL), I will be stepping down as editor of JOPL on December 31, 2007. Several colleagues have kindly asked me how I felt about leaving JOPL after so many years. Of course, there will be many things that I will miss about the journal and my interaction with so many interesting people. However, I leave the editor’s chair content that ‘‘my job has been done’’, at least as well as I could have done it. Looking back at my opening JOPL editorial (Smol 1988), I feel we have met and surpassed the goals set out for the journal at that time. A simple perusal of any recent volume will show that it includes a wide spectrum of excellent papers using diverse approaches from all parts of the globe. I am especially proud of JOPL’s leading role in fostering the inter-disciplinary nature of Paleolimnology, and thereby helping to define our discipline. I am convinced that the journal, like the field of Paleolimnology itself, will continue to thrive and serve the greater scientific community. I am especially pleased that Mark Brenner has agreed to take on the editorship—it is impossible to have more confidence in a future editor than the confidence and admiration that I have for Mark. I fully expect wonderful things for JOPL and its contributors in the future. Paleolimnologists tend to look backwards in time. As I look at my tenure as JOPL editor, which appears to have covered most of my adult life (!), my first thought is how quickly the time has gone by. It is hard to believe that I started this job 21 years ago. In an editorial celebrating our 20 years of publication (Smol 2007b), I highlighted some of the journal’s history and progress since its inception. We have seen remarkable changes over those two decades—starting with different means of communication (for example, most people were not even using email when the journal started), to differences in publishing production procedures (going from typesetting, to computergenerated figures, to submitting accepted manuscripts on computer disks, to electronic publishing, to webbased submission and editing), and of course to major changes in the field of Paleolimnology itself. Most importantly, the content and visibility of the journal (in step with the science of Paleolimnology) has improved by leaps and bounds over the intervening two decades. I again wish to emphasize the pivotal role played by Bill Last (co-editor from 1993 to 2006) in the journal’s success. By any independent measure, including citation statistics, journal index values, or simply the very impressive data from the Springer website showing how many researchers download our papers, it is clear that JOPL is no J. P. Smol (&) Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen’s University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6 e-mail: smolj@queensu.ca

Jules M. Blais - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Paleolimnology in support of archeology: a review of past investigations and a proposed framework for future study design
    Journal of Paleolimnology, 2021
    Co-Authors: Madison A. Bell, Jules M. Blais
    Abstract:

    We conducted a systematic review of 89 paleolimnological studies applied to archeological questions. Where we discuss the physical, chemical and biological sediment variables used in these studies in terms of their advantages and disadvantages as paleolimnological proxies for archeological studies. We make four key observations: (1) This field is rapidly growing, (2) More research is needed, (3) More standardization is required for future integrative analyses, and (4) More robust studies with multiple proxies are needed as the field grows. To address these challenges, we developed a framework to help researchers design paleolimnological studies in support of archeology. The framework includes standardized terminology of proxy characteristics and definition of a new term: orthogonality. This framework was then integrated with decision matrix analysis to build study scores that can be used to help researchers optimize their study design. This approach will help future researchers build more robust Paleolimnology studies to more effectively complement independent archeological work. We also summarized new areas of archeology and chemistry that could be integrated with Paleolimnology in the future.

  • "-Omics" workflow for paleolimnological and geological archives: A review
    The Science of the total environment, 2019
    Co-Authors: Madison A. Bell, Jules M. Blais
    Abstract:

    "-Omics" is a powerful screening method with applications in molecular biology, toxicology, wildlife biology, natural product discovery, and many other fields. Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics are common examples included under the "-omics" umbrella. This screening method uses combinations of untargeted, semi-targeted, and targeted analyses paired with data mining to facilitate researchers' understanding of the genome, proteins, and small organic molecules in biological systems. Recently, however, the use of "-omics" has expanded into the fields of geology, specifically petrology, and Paleolimnology. Specifically, untargeted analyses stand to transform these fields as petroleomics, and sediment-"omics" become more prevalent. "-Omics" facilitates the visualization of small molecule profiles from environmental matrices (i.e. oil and sediment). Small molecule profiles can provide improved understanding of small molecules distributions throughout the environment, and how those compositions can change depending on conditions (i.e. climate change, weathering, etc.). "-Omics" also facilities discovery of next-generation biomarkers that can be used for oil source identification and as proxies for reconstructing past environmental changes. Untargeted analyses paired with data mining and multivariate statistical analyses represents a powerful suite of tools for hypothesis generation, and new method development for environmental reconstructions. Here we present an introduction to "-omics" methodology, technical terms, and examples of applications to Paleolimnology and petrology. The purpose of this review is to highlight the important considerations at each step in the "-omics" workflow to produce high quality and statistically powerful data for petrological and paleolimnological applications.

  • Paleo-ecotoxicology: What Can Lake Sediments Tell Us about Ecosystem Responses to Environmental Pollutants?
    Environmental science & technology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jennifer B. Korosi, John P. Smol, Joshua R. Thienpont, Jules M. Blais
    Abstract:

    The development of effective risk reduction strategies for aquatic pollutants requires a comprehensive understanding of toxic impacts on ecosystems. Classical toxicological studies are effective for characterizing pollutant impacts on biota in a controlled, simplified environment. Nonetheless, it is well-acknowledged that predictions based on the results of these studies must be tested over the long-term in a natural ecosystem setting to account for increased complexity and multiple stressors. Paleolimnology (the study of lake sediment cores to reconstruct environmental change) can address many key knowledge gaps. When used as part of a weight-of-evidence framework with more traditional approaches in ecotoxicology, it can facilitate rapid advances in our understanding of the chronic effects of pollutants on ecosystems in an environmentally realistic, multistressor context. Paleolimnology played a central role in the Acid Rain debates, as it was instrumental in demonstrating industrial emissions caused aci...

  • assessing environmental stressors on a commercial walleye fishery from a large northern ecosystem tathlina lake using water chemistry and Paleolimnology
    Journal of Great Lakes Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Emily M Stewart, Jennifer B. Korosi, Joshua R. Thienpont, Jules M. Blais, Kristen A Coleman, Michael J Palmer, John P. Smol
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tathlina Lake (Northwest Territories, Canada) is a large, shallow ecosystem in the rapidly warming northern boreal forest. This lake is of considerable cultural and economic significance as it supports a commercially important walleye ( Sander vitreus ) fishery that has experienced large fluctuations since the 1940s, the causes of which are poorly understood. Here we used Paleolimnology to describe long-term environmental changes in the lake that may have contributed to recent collapses in walleye populations. The sub-fossil remains of diatoms and chironomids were used to assess changes in turbidity, nutrients, and oxygen levels, all of which are important to walleye. Minimal changes have occurred in diatom assemblages from the early 1920s to present, suggesting that turbidity and nutrients have not changed markedly in the lake. Hypoxia-tolerant chironomid taxa were found throughout the sediment record, and our modern water chemistry showed that oxygen levels were supersaturated in the summer, but close to the lower tolerance limit of walleye in winter. An increase in sedimentary chlorophyll- a since ~ 1940 suggests Tathlina Lake is affected by recent climate warming. Our findings indicate that walleye populations are likely regularly exposed to hypoxic winter conditions, which may increase the sensitivity of the population to other interacting stressors that occur with recent climate warming. Long-term records of environmental change in large, shallow northern lakes are rare, and Paleolimnology provides a framework to reconstruct missing monitoring data, especially in lakes that are economically and culturally important to northern communities.

  • Using lake and pond sediments to assess the effects of multiple-stressors in the Arctic
    2006
    Co-Authors: Jules M. Blais, John P. Smol
    Abstract:

    Ecosystems are being subjected to multiple environmental stressors, but tracking the effects of these problems is very difficult due to the lack of long-term monitoring data. For example, most environmental assessments are based on sampling strategies of three years or less (Smol 2002). The lack of long-term monitoring data is especially acute in Arctic ecosystems, where logistical difficulties and other concerns make frequent sampling difficult. Fortunately, polar regions are often characterized by large numbers of aquatic and semi-aquatic ecosystems, such as ponds, lakes, and bogs. These habitats archive important records of past environmental change in their sedimentary records. The multi-disciplinary field of Paleolimnology uses the biological, chemical and physical information in these sediments to reconstruct past environmental conditions, from which hypotheses and models can be evaluated, and from which the natural, pre-anthropogenic conditions and modes of environmental change can be assessed. Paleolimnology is now being used extensively in many polar regions (Pienitz et al. 2004). This presentation will review some of the recent advances that have occurred in the field of arctic Paleolimnology, and focus especially on two interacting environmental stressors: climatic change and the transport of contaminants. Recent climatic change is a global problem, but high latitude ecosystems are considered to be especially at risk. Yet, log-term instrumental data are especially sparse for Arctic regions. Beginning with work in the Canadian High Arctic, paleolimnological analyses revealed that diatom assemblages on ponds from east central Ellesmere Island recorded dramatic ecosystem changes beginning in the nineteenth century, which appeared to be linked to limnological changes related to climatic warming (Douglas et al. 1994). Subsequent analyses on many other Canadian arctic lakes, including deeper lakes in the Sub-Arctic regions of Western Canada, also reported marked species changes that were linked to warming (e.g. Ruhland et al. 2003). A recent meta-analysis of 55 paleolimnological profiles from Arctic Canada, Lapland, Spitzbergen, and Russia, including 26 co-authors (Smol et al. 2005), concluded that areas of the Arctic expected to have warmed the most have changed the most in species composition; that ecological changes have occurred at several trophic levels; and that the ecological characteristics of species involved indicate that changes are driven primarily by climate warming. Two

Thomas J. Whitmore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Preface: Paleolimnology and lake management
    Lake and Reservoir Management, 2020
    Co-Authors: Andrew M. Paterson, Dörte Köster, Euan D. Reavie, Thomas J. Whitmore
    Abstract:

    Paterson AM, Koster D, Reavie ED, Whitmore TJ. 2020. Preface: Paleolimnology and lake management. Lake Reserv Manage. 36:205–209. Paleolimnology uses information preserved in lake, river, and wetla...

  • Towards better integration of ecology in palaeoecology: from proxies to indicators, from inference to understanding
    Journal of Paleolimnology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Thomas A. Davidson, Helen Bennion, Carl D. Sayer, Michael Reid, Thomas J. Whitmore
    Abstract:

    The special issue titled “Putting the Ecology into Palaeoecology” stems from a session with that name that was held at the 2015 International Paleolimnological Association meeting (International Paleolimnology Symposium) in Lanzhou, China. We briefly describe the motivation for the session, and summarise the contributions to this special issue. Additionally, we discuss our perceptions and concerns about the progress, challenges and future directions of palaeolimnology, stressing the importance of meaningful integration of ecological principles and thinking into palaeoapproaches.

  • Topical advances and recent studies in paleolimnological research
    Journal of Limnology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Thomas J. Whitmore, Melanie A. Riedinger-whitmore
    Abstract:

    Paleolimnology combines the disciplines of limnology, geology and ecology, but because of challenges that separate investigators from direct knowledge about past lake conditions, the field is multidisciplinary by necessity. As a result, Paleolimnology is influenced continuously by advances in many disciplines. As with limnological studies in recent decades, Paleolimnology has diverged largely from the ecological and theoretical focuses of early investigators, but recent studies demonstrate the need for more integration of ecological and paleolimnological research. This paper provides a brief overview of recent paleolimnological investigations that have addressed questions related to theoretical ecology, as well as applied lake-management and climate research issues. We examine the use of transfer function models for estimating past water-quality conditions, and important caveats expressed by investigators about limitations in the development and use of such models. Paleolimnological research has contributed new insights about biological, physical and chemical processes in lakes that have been subject to change because of climate drivers and anthropogenic influences. These findings are relevant to predicting how lakes will respond to climate change, and will require new management approaches in the future. As the range of paleolimnological studies expands, there will be greater need for basic limnological research in order for paleolimnological investigators to better understand how sediments reflect lake processes of those regions.

S. Mcgowan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Paleolimnology | Pigment Studies
    Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: S. Mcgowan
    Abstract:

    Pigments of photosynthetic organisms including chlorophylls, carotenoids, photoprotective compounds and their derivatives produced by algas, phototrophic bacteria, and aquatic plants often preserve well in the sediments of aquatic environments. In sediment cores, they can yield an estimate past primary production in aquatic systems, and provide information about past communities of algas or photosynthetic bacteria. This chapter describes the biochemical nature of pigments including their preservation in sedimentary environments, techniques for pigment analysis and a range of paleolimnological applications, including the determination of eutrophication, changes in aquatic food-web structure, lake acidification, and climate change.

  • Paleolimnology | Pigment Studies
    Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: S. Mcgowan
    Abstract:

    Pigments, including chlorophylls, carotenoids, photoprotective compounds, and their derivatives produced by algae, phototrophic bacteria, and aquatic plants often preserve well in the sediments of aquatic environments. In sediment cores, they can yield estimates of past primary production, information on aquatic phototroph community composition, and indicate depositional and preservation conditions. This article describes the biochemical nature of pigments, including their preservation in sedimentary environments, techniques for pigment analysis, and a range of paleolimnological applications, including the investigation of eutrophication and aquatic food web changes, atmospheric deposition of contaminants, and hydrological change. Finally, examples of the use of pigments in inferring past climates over Holocene and Plio–Pleistocene time scales are given.

  • Paleolimnology pigment studies
    Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences#R##N#Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science (Second Edition), 2013
    Co-Authors: S. Mcgowan
    Abstract:

    Pigments, including chlorophylls, carotenoids, photoprotective compounds, and their derivatives produced by algae, phototrophic bacteria, and aquatic plants often preserve well in the sediments of aquatic environments. In sediment cores, they can yield estimates of past primary production, information on aquatic phototroph community composition, and indicate depositional and preservation conditions. This article describes the biochemical nature of pigments, including their preservation in sedimentary environments, techniques for pigment analysis, and a range of paleolimnological applications, including the investigation of eutrophication and aquatic food web changes, atmospheric deposition of contaminants, and hydrological change. Finally, examples of the use of pigments in inferring past climates over Holocene and Plio–Pleistocene time scales are given.

  • Paleolimnology pigment studies
    Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: S. Mcgowan
    Abstract:

    Pigments of photosynthetic organisms including chlorophylls, carotenoids, photoprotective compounds and their derivatives produced by algas, phototrophic bacteria, and aquatic plants often preserve well in the sediments of aquatic environments. In sediment cores, they can yield an estimate past primary production in aquatic systems, and provide information about past communities of algas or photosynthetic bacteria. This chapter describes the biochemical nature of pigments including their preservation in sedimentary environments, techniques for pigment analysis and a range of paleolimnological applications, including the determination of eutrophication, changes in aquatic food-web structure, lake acidification, and climate change.