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Maurizio Vurro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parasitic Weed management by using strigolactone degrading fungi
Pest Management Science, 2016Co-Authors: Angela Boari, Koichi Yoneyama, Biancamaria Ciasca, Rocio Pinedamartos, Veronica Mt Lattanzio, Maurizio VurroAbstract:Background Seed germination is a key phase of the Parasitic plant life cycle that is stimulated by the secondary metabolites, mainly strigolactones (SLs), secreted by the host roots. Interventions during this stage would be particularly suitable for Parasitic Weed management practices, as blocking these chemical signals would prevent seed germination and thus parasite attack. Four fungal strains with different ecological functions were considered for their possible ability to metabolise SLs: Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani, biocontrol agents of Phelipanche ramosa; Trichoderma harzianum, a potential biopesticide; Botrytis cinerea, a phytopathogenic fungus. Four different SLs [the natural strigol, 5-deoxystrigol (5DS) and 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO), and the synthetic analogue GR24] were added to fungal cultures, followed by determination of the SL content by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results Differences were observed among microorganisms, treatments and SLs used. T. harzianum and F. oxysporum were the most capable of reducing the SL content; considering the whole set of fungi used, 5DS and 4DO proved to be the most degradable SLs. Conclusions Beneficial microscopic fungi could differently be used for biocontrolling Parasitic Weeds, acting as a 'physiological' barrier, by preventing the germination of their seeds through the ability to biotransform the stimulatory signals. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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metabolites inhibiting germination of orobanche ramosa seeds produced by myrothecium verrucaria and fusarium compactum
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Anna Andolfi, Angela Boari, Maurizio VurroAbstract:Myrothecium verrucaria and Fusarium compactum were isolated from diseased Orobanche ramosa plants collected in southern Italy to find potential biocontrol agents of this Parasitic Weed. Both fungi grown in liquid culture produced metabolites that inhibited the germination of O. ramosa seeds at 1−10 μM. Eight metabolites were isolated from M. verrucaria culture extracts. The main metabolite was identified as verrucarin E, a disubstituted pyrrole not belonging to the trichothecene group. Seven compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods as macrocyclic trichothecenes, namely, verrucarins A, B, M, and L acetate, roridin A, isotrichoverrin B, and trichoverrol B. The main metabolite produced by F. compactum was neosoloaniol monoacetate, a trichothecene. All the trichothecenes proved to be potent inhibitors of O. ramosa seed germination and possess strong zootoxic activity when assayed on Artemia salina brine shrimps. Verrucarin E is inactive on both seed germination and zootoxic assay. Keywords: Orobanch...
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metabolites inhibiting germination of orobanche ramosa seeds produced by myrothecium verrucaria and fusarium compactum
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Anna Andolfi, Angela Boari, Maurizio VurroAbstract:Myrothecium verrucaria and Fusarium compactum were isolated from diseased Orobanche ramosa plants collected in southern Italy to find potential biocontrol agents of this Parasitic Weed. Both fungi grown in liquid culture produced metabolites that inhibited the germination of O. ramosa seeds at 1−10 μM. Eight metabolites were isolated from M. verrucaria culture extracts. The main metabolite was identified as verrucarin E, a disubstituted pyrrole not belonging to the trichothecene group. Seven compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods as macrocyclic trichothecenes, namely, verrucarins A, B, M, and L acetate, roridin A, isotrichoverrin B, and trichoverrol B. The main metabolite produced by F. compactum was neosoloaniol monoacetate, a trichothecene. All the trichothecenes proved to be potent inhibitors of O. ramosa seed germination and possess strong zootoxic activity when assayed on Artemia salina brine shrimps. Verrucarin E is inactive on both seed germination and zootoxic assay. Keywords: Orobanch...
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Metabolites inhibiting germination of Orobanche ramosa seeds produced by Myrothecium verrucaria and Fusarium compactum
American Chemical Society:1155 Sixteenth Street Northwest:Washington DC 20036:(800)227-5558 EMAIL: service@acs.org INTERNET: http: www.pubs.acs.org Fa, 2005Co-Authors: Anna Andolfi, Angela Boari, Maurizio VurroAbstract:Myrothecium verrucaria and Fusarium compactum were isolated from diseased Orobanche ramosa plants collected in southern Italy to find potential biocontrol agents of this Parasitic Weed. Both fungi grown in liq. culture produced metabolites that inhibited the germination of O. ramosa seeds at 1-10 M. Eight metabolites were isolated from M. verrucaria culture exts. The main metabolite was identified as verrucarin E, a disubstituted pyrrole not belonging to the trichothecene group. Seven compds. were identified by spectroscopic methods as macrocyclic trichothecenes, namely, verrucarins A, B, M, and L acetate, roridin A, isotrichoverrin B, and trichoverrol B. The main metabolite produced by F. compactum was neosoloaniol monoacetate, a trichothecene. All the trichothecenes proved to be potent inhibitors of O. ramosa seed germination and possess strong zootoxic activity when assayed on Artemia salina brine shrimps. Verrucarin E is inactive on both seed germination and zootoxic assay
Angela Boari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inuloxin e a new seco eudesmanolide isolated from dittrichia viscosa stimulating orobanche cumana seed germination
Molecules, 2019Co-Authors: Marco Masi, Angela Boari, Monica Fernandezaparicio, Alessio Cimmino, Roukia Zatout, Antonio EvidenteAbstract:A new sesquiterpenoid belonging to the subgroup seco-eudesmanolides and named inuloxin E was isolated from Dittrichia viscosa, together with the already known sesquiterpenoids inuloxins A–D and α-costic acid. Inuloxin E was characterized by spectroscopic data (essentially NMR and ESI MS) as 3-methylene-6-(1-methyl-4-oxo-pentyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-benzofuran-2-one. Its relative configuration was determined by comparison with the closely related inuloxin D and chemical conversion of inuloxin E into inuloxin D and by the observed significant correlation in the NOESY spectrum. Both inuloxins D and E induced germination of the Parasitic Weed Orobanche cumana, but were inactive on the seeds of Orobanche minor and Phelipanche ramosa. The germination activity of some hemisynthetic esters of inuloxin D was also investigated.
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Parasitic Weed management by using strigolactone degrading fungi
Pest Management Science, 2016Co-Authors: Angela Boari, Koichi Yoneyama, Biancamaria Ciasca, Rocio Pinedamartos, Veronica Mt Lattanzio, Maurizio VurroAbstract:Background Seed germination is a key phase of the Parasitic plant life cycle that is stimulated by the secondary metabolites, mainly strigolactones (SLs), secreted by the host roots. Interventions during this stage would be particularly suitable for Parasitic Weed management practices, as blocking these chemical signals would prevent seed germination and thus parasite attack. Four fungal strains with different ecological functions were considered for their possible ability to metabolise SLs: Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani, biocontrol agents of Phelipanche ramosa; Trichoderma harzianum, a potential biopesticide; Botrytis cinerea, a phytopathogenic fungus. Four different SLs [the natural strigol, 5-deoxystrigol (5DS) and 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO), and the synthetic analogue GR24] were added to fungal cultures, followed by determination of the SL content by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results Differences were observed among microorganisms, treatments and SLs used. T. harzianum and F. oxysporum were the most capable of reducing the SL content; considering the whole set of fungi used, 5DS and 4DO proved to be the most degradable SLs. Conclusions Beneficial microscopic fungi could differently be used for biocontrolling Parasitic Weeds, acting as a 'physiological' barrier, by preventing the germination of their seeds through the ability to biotransform the stimulatory signals. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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metabolites inhibiting germination of orobanche ramosa seeds produced by myrothecium verrucaria and fusarium compactum
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Anna Andolfi, Angela Boari, Maurizio VurroAbstract:Myrothecium verrucaria and Fusarium compactum were isolated from diseased Orobanche ramosa plants collected in southern Italy to find potential biocontrol agents of this Parasitic Weed. Both fungi grown in liquid culture produced metabolites that inhibited the germination of O. ramosa seeds at 1−10 μM. Eight metabolites were isolated from M. verrucaria culture extracts. The main metabolite was identified as verrucarin E, a disubstituted pyrrole not belonging to the trichothecene group. Seven compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods as macrocyclic trichothecenes, namely, verrucarins A, B, M, and L acetate, roridin A, isotrichoverrin B, and trichoverrol B. The main metabolite produced by F. compactum was neosoloaniol monoacetate, a trichothecene. All the trichothecenes proved to be potent inhibitors of O. ramosa seed germination and possess strong zootoxic activity when assayed on Artemia salina brine shrimps. Verrucarin E is inactive on both seed germination and zootoxic assay. Keywords: Orobanch...
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metabolites inhibiting germination of orobanche ramosa seeds produced by myrothecium verrucaria and fusarium compactum
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Anna Andolfi, Angela Boari, Maurizio VurroAbstract:Myrothecium verrucaria and Fusarium compactum were isolated from diseased Orobanche ramosa plants collected in southern Italy to find potential biocontrol agents of this Parasitic Weed. Both fungi grown in liquid culture produced metabolites that inhibited the germination of O. ramosa seeds at 1−10 μM. Eight metabolites were isolated from M. verrucaria culture extracts. The main metabolite was identified as verrucarin E, a disubstituted pyrrole not belonging to the trichothecene group. Seven compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods as macrocyclic trichothecenes, namely, verrucarins A, B, M, and L acetate, roridin A, isotrichoverrin B, and trichoverrol B. The main metabolite produced by F. compactum was neosoloaniol monoacetate, a trichothecene. All the trichothecenes proved to be potent inhibitors of O. ramosa seed germination and possess strong zootoxic activity when assayed on Artemia salina brine shrimps. Verrucarin E is inactive on both seed germination and zootoxic assay. Keywords: Orobanch...
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Metabolites inhibiting germination of Orobanche ramosa seeds produced by Myrothecium verrucaria and Fusarium compactum
American Chemical Society:1155 Sixteenth Street Northwest:Washington DC 20036:(800)227-5558 EMAIL: service@acs.org INTERNET: http: www.pubs.acs.org Fa, 2005Co-Authors: Anna Andolfi, Angela Boari, Maurizio VurroAbstract:Myrothecium verrucaria and Fusarium compactum were isolated from diseased Orobanche ramosa plants collected in southern Italy to find potential biocontrol agents of this Parasitic Weed. Both fungi grown in liq. culture produced metabolites that inhibited the germination of O. ramosa seeds at 1-10 M. Eight metabolites were isolated from M. verrucaria culture exts. The main metabolite was identified as verrucarin E, a disubstituted pyrrole not belonging to the trichothecene group. Seven compds. were identified by spectroscopic methods as macrocyclic trichothecenes, namely, verrucarins A, B, M, and L acetate, roridin A, isotrichoverrin B, and trichoverrol B. The main metabolite produced by F. compactum was neosoloaniol monoacetate, a trichothecene. All the trichothecenes proved to be potent inhibitors of O. ramosa seed germination and possess strong zootoxic activity when assayed on Artemia salina brine shrimps. Verrucarin E is inactive on both seed germination and zootoxic assay
Diego Rubiales - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inhibition of orobanche crenata seed germination and radicle growth by allelochemicals identified in cereals
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Monica Fernandezaparicio, Alessio Cimmino, Antonio Evidente, Diego RubialesAbstract:Orobanche crenata is a Parasitic Weed that causes severe yield losses in important grain and forage legume crops. Cereals have been reported to inhibit O. crenata parasitism when grown intercropped with susceptible legumes, but the responsible metabolites have not been identified. A number of metabolites have been reported in cereals that have allelopathic properties against Weeds, pests, and pathogens. We tested the effect of several allelochemicals identified in cereals on O. crenata seed germination and radicle development. We found that 2-benzoxazolinone, its derivative 6-chloroacetyl-2-benzoxazolinone, and scopoletin significantly inhibited O. crenata seed germination. Benzoxazolinones, l-tryptophan, and coumalic acid caused the stronger inhibition of radicle growth. Also, other metabolites reduced radicle length, this inhibition being dose-dependent. Only scopoletin caused cell necrotic-like darkening in the young radicles. Prospects for their application to Parasitic Weed management are discussed.
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escape and true resistance to crenate broomrape orobanche crenata forsk in grass pea lathyrus sativus l germplasm
Field Crops Research, 2012Co-Authors: Fernando Flores, Monica Fernandezaparicio, Diego RubialesAbstract:Abstract Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an annual cool season legume widely grown as a pulse crop for human food and animal feed and as forage. Infection by the Parasitic Weed crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) has been identified as major constraint for grass pea cultivation. We studied the response to O. crenata of a germplasm collection of grass pea in field trials over two seasons showing that the level of infection was highly influenced by environmental factors and plant growth cycle. Earlier or very late accessions were less infected. O. crenata infection increased with host plant vigour. O. crenata infection strongly reduced host biomass and grain yield. Even when resistance is scarce and masked by confounding environmental and plant growth cycle factors, calculation of the deviations from the polynomic nonlinear regression provided an improved approximation of the true genetic resistance levels present in the germplasm, here defined as resistance that do not depend on precocity.
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agronomic breeding and biotechnological approaches to Parasitic plant management through manipulation of germination stimulant levels in agricultural soils
Botany, 2011Co-Authors: Monica Fernandezaparicio, James H. Westwood, Diego RubialesAbstract:A number of plant species have adapted to parasitize other plants, and some Parasitic species pose severe con- straints to major crops. The role of strigolactones and other metabolites present in host root exudates as germination stimu- lants for Weedy root Parasitic Weed seeds has been known for the last 40 years. Recently, the ecological and developmental roles of strigolactones have been clarified by the discovery that they are a new class of plant hormone that controls shoot branching and serve as host recognition signals for mycorrhizal fungi. Parasitic plants also recognize these chemicals and use them to coordinate their life cycle with that of their host. Here we review agronomic practices that use Parasitic germi- nation stimulant production as a target for manipulation to control Parasitic Weeds.
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medicago truncatula as a model for nonhost resistance in legume Parasitic plant interactions
Plant Physiology, 2007Co-Authors: Dolores M Lozanobaena, Diego Rubiales, Elena Prats, Teresa M Moreno, Alejandro PerezdeluqueAbstract:Crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) is a root Parasitic Weed that represents a major constraint for grain legume production in Mediterranean and West Asian countries. Medicago truncatula has emerged as an important model plant species for structural and functional genomics. The close phylogenic relationship of M. truncatula with crop legumes increases its value as a resource for understanding resistance against Orobanche spp. Different cytological methods were used to study the mechanisms of resistance against crenate broomrape of two accessions of M. truncatula, showing early and late acting resistance. In the early resistance accession (SA27774) we found that the parasite died before a tubercle had formed. In the late resistance accession (SA4327) the parasite became attached without apparent problems to the host roots but most of the established tubercles turned dark and died before emergence. The results suggest that there are defensive mechanisms acting in both accessions but with a time gap that is crucial for a higher success avoiding parasite infection.
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characterization of resistance in chickpea to crenate broomrape orobanche crenata
Weed Science, 2003Co-Authors: Diego Rubiales, Daniel M. Joel, Alejandro Perezdeluque, Cristina Alcantara, Josefina C SilleroAbstract:Abstract Crenate broomrape is a major constraint for legume production in Mediterranean and East Asian countries. Resistance to this Parasitic Weed is scarce in many legumes but is common in chickpea germ plasm. A detailed in vitro study has shown that resistance in chickpea is the result of the combination of at least two mechanisms. First, and most importantly, the two chickpea lines studied have been identified with low rates of stimulant production. Once germination is induced by exogenous applications of the synthetic germination stimulant GR24, thus overcoming the primary resistance mechanism in these lines, a second resistance mechanism is apparent. This is evidenced by a darkening of host cell tissue in contact with the broomrape radicle, leading to failure of establishment, which was frequently observed in the chickpea accessions. Anatomical studies have shown that this apparently “hypersensitive” response does not correspond with the death of host cells in contact with the parasite cells but cor...
Tadao Asami - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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structural analysis of htl and d14 proteins reveals the basis for ligand selectivity in striga
Nature Communications, 2018Co-Authors: Takuya Miyakawa, Hidemitsu Nakamura, Akira Nakamura, Tadao Asami, Shohei Nosaki, Ying Lyu, Umeharu Ohto, H Ishida, Toshiyuki ShimizuAbstract:HYPOSENSITIVE TO LIGHT (HTL) and DWARF14 (D14) mediate the perception of karrikin and strigolactone, which stimulates germination of the Parasitic Weed Striga. However, their role in Parasitic seeds is poorly understood, and the basis for their differing responsiveness remains unclear. Here, we show that Striga hermonthica HTL proteins (ShHTLs) in ‘conserved’ and ‘intermediate’ clades are able to bind karrikin. The ‘divergent’ clade is able to hydrolyze strigolactone. Unexpectedly, we find that ShD14 is also capable of hydrolyzing strigolactone. Through comparative analysis of ShHTLs and ShD14 crystal structures, we provide insights into the basis for their selectivity. Moreover, we show that both ShD14 and divergent clade ShHTLs, but not conserved and intermediate clade ShHTLs, can interact with the putative downstream signaling component ShMAX2 in the presence of the synthetic strigolactone, rac-GR24. These findings provide insight into how strigolactone is perceived and how ligand specificity is determined.
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structural basis of unique ligand specificity of kai2 like protein from Parasitic Weed striga hermonthica
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Takuya Miyakawa, Hidemitsu Nakamura, Akira Nakamura, Yusaku Imamura, Tadao Asami, Masaru TanokuraAbstract:The perception of two plant germination inducers, karrikins and strigolactones, are mediated by the proteins KAI2 and D14. Recently, KAI2-type proteins from Parasitic Weeds, which are possibly related to seed germination induced by strigolactone, have been classified into three clades characterized by different responses to karrikin/strigolactone. Here we characterized a karrikin-binding protein in Striga (ShKAI2iB) that belongs to intermediate-evolving KAI2 and provided the structural bases for its karrikin-binding specificity. Binding assays showed that ShKAI2iB bound karrikins but not strigolactone, differing from other KAI2 and D14. The crystal structures of ShKAI2iB and ShKAI2iB-karrikin complex revealed obvious structural differences in a helix located at the entry of its ligand-binding cavity. This results in a smaller closed pocket, which is also the major cause of ShKAI2iB's specificity of binding karrikin. Our structural study also revealed that a few non-conserved amino acids led to the distinct ligand-binding profile of ShKAI2iB, suggesting that the evolution of KAI2 resulted in its diverse functions.
Monica Fernandezaparicio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inuloxin e a new seco eudesmanolide isolated from dittrichia viscosa stimulating orobanche cumana seed germination
Molecules, 2019Co-Authors: Marco Masi, Angela Boari, Monica Fernandezaparicio, Alessio Cimmino, Roukia Zatout, Antonio EvidenteAbstract:A new sesquiterpenoid belonging to the subgroup seco-eudesmanolides and named inuloxin E was isolated from Dittrichia viscosa, together with the already known sesquiterpenoids inuloxins A–D and α-costic acid. Inuloxin E was characterized by spectroscopic data (essentially NMR and ESI MS) as 3-methylene-6-(1-methyl-4-oxo-pentyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-benzofuran-2-one. Its relative configuration was determined by comparison with the closely related inuloxin D and chemical conversion of inuloxin E into inuloxin D and by the observed significant correlation in the NOESY spectrum. Both inuloxins D and E induced germination of the Parasitic Weed Orobanche cumana, but were inactive on the seeds of Orobanche minor and Phelipanche ramosa. The germination activity of some hemisynthetic esters of inuloxin D was also investigated.
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inhibition of orobanche crenata seed germination and radicle growth by allelochemicals identified in cereals
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Monica Fernandezaparicio, Alessio Cimmino, Antonio Evidente, Diego RubialesAbstract:Orobanche crenata is a Parasitic Weed that causes severe yield losses in important grain and forage legume crops. Cereals have been reported to inhibit O. crenata parasitism when grown intercropped with susceptible legumes, but the responsible metabolites have not been identified. A number of metabolites have been reported in cereals that have allelopathic properties against Weeds, pests, and pathogens. We tested the effect of several allelochemicals identified in cereals on O. crenata seed germination and radicle development. We found that 2-benzoxazolinone, its derivative 6-chloroacetyl-2-benzoxazolinone, and scopoletin significantly inhibited O. crenata seed germination. Benzoxazolinones, l-tryptophan, and coumalic acid caused the stronger inhibition of radicle growth. Also, other metabolites reduced radicle length, this inhibition being dose-dependent. Only scopoletin caused cell necrotic-like darkening in the young radicles. Prospects for their application to Parasitic Weed management are discussed.
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escape and true resistance to crenate broomrape orobanche crenata forsk in grass pea lathyrus sativus l germplasm
Field Crops Research, 2012Co-Authors: Fernando Flores, Monica Fernandezaparicio, Diego RubialesAbstract:Abstract Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an annual cool season legume widely grown as a pulse crop for human food and animal feed and as forage. Infection by the Parasitic Weed crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) has been identified as major constraint for grass pea cultivation. We studied the response to O. crenata of a germplasm collection of grass pea in field trials over two seasons showing that the level of infection was highly influenced by environmental factors and plant growth cycle. Earlier or very late accessions were less infected. O. crenata infection increased with host plant vigour. O. crenata infection strongly reduced host biomass and grain yield. Even when resistance is scarce and masked by confounding environmental and plant growth cycle factors, calculation of the deviations from the polynomic nonlinear regression provided an improved approximation of the true genetic resistance levels present in the germplasm, here defined as resistance that do not depend on precocity.
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agronomic breeding and biotechnological approaches to Parasitic plant management through manipulation of germination stimulant levels in agricultural soils
Botany, 2011Co-Authors: Monica Fernandezaparicio, James H. Westwood, Diego RubialesAbstract:A number of plant species have adapted to parasitize other plants, and some Parasitic species pose severe con- straints to major crops. The role of strigolactones and other metabolites present in host root exudates as germination stimu- lants for Weedy root Parasitic Weed seeds has been known for the last 40 years. Recently, the ecological and developmental roles of strigolactones have been clarified by the discovery that they are a new class of plant hormone that controls shoot branching and serve as host recognition signals for mycorrhizal fungi. Parasitic plants also recognize these chemicals and use them to coordinate their life cycle with that of their host. Here we review agronomic practices that use Parasitic germi- nation stimulant production as a target for manipulation to control Parasitic Weeds.
