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Lisa K Nolan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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novel pathways revealed in bursa of fabricius transcriptome in response to extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli expec infection
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Lisa K Nolan, Susan J. LamontAbstract:Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (ExPEC) has major negative impacts on human and animal health. Recent research suggests food-borne links between human and animal ExPEC diseases with particular concern for poultry contaminated with avian Pathogenic E. Coli (APEC), the avian ExPEC. APEC is also a very important animal pathogen, causing Colibacillosis, one of the world’s most widespread bacterial diseases of poultry. Previous studies showed marked atrophy and lymphocytes depletion in the bursa during APEC infection. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of the avian bursa response to APEC infection will facilitate genetic selection for disease resistance. Four-week-old commercial male broiler chickens were infected with APEC O1 or given saline as a control. Bursas were collected at 1 and 5 days post-infection (dpi). Based on lesion scores of liver, pericardium and air sacs, infected birds were classified as having mild or severe pathology, representing resistant and susceptible phenotypes, respectively. Twenty-two individual bursa RNA libraries were sequenced, each yielding an average of 27 million single-end, 100-bp reads. There were 2469 novel genes in the total of 16,603 detected. Large numbers of significantly differentially expressed (DE) genes were detected when comparing susceptible and resistant birds at 5 dpi, susceptible and non-infected birds at 5 dpi, and susceptible birds at 5 dpi and 1 dpi. The DE genes were associated with signal transduction, the immune response, cell growth and cell death pathways. These data provide considerable insight into potential mechanisms of resistance to ExPEC infection, thus paving the way to develop strategies for ExPEC prevention and treatment, as well as enhancing innate resistance by genetic selection in animals.
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Correction: Corrigendum: DNA methylome in spleen of avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli -challenged broilers and integration with mRNA expression
Scientific Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Haiping Xu, Zhenhui Li, Yongsheng Hu, Lisa K Nolan, Xiquan Zhang, Susan J. LamontAbstract:Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (APEC) are responsible for heavy economic losses in poultry industry. Here we investigate DNA methylome of spleen and identify functional DNA methylation changes related to host response to APEC among groups of non-challenged chickens (NC), challenged with mild (MD) and severe pathology (SV). DNA methylation was enriched in the gene bodies and repeats. Promoter and CGIs are hypomethylated. Integration analysis revealed 22, 87, and 9 genes exhibiting inversely changed DNA methylation and gene expression in NC vs. MD, NC vs. SV, and MD vs. SV, respectively. IL8, IL2RB, and IL1RAPL1 were included. Gene network analysis suggested that besides inflammatory response, other networks and pathways such as organismal injury and abnormalities, cell signaling and molecular transport, are probably related to host response to APEC infection. Moreover, methylation changes in cell cycle processes might contribute to the lesion phenotype differences between MD and SV.
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dna methylome in spleen of avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli challenged broilers and integration with mrna expression
Scientific Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Xuenong Zhu, Xiquan Zhang, Lisa K Nolan, Qinghua Nie, Susan J. LamontAbstract:DNA methylome in spleen of avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli -challenged broilers and integration with mRNA expression
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identification of minimal predictors of avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli virulence for use as a rapid diagnostic tool
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: Timothy J Johnson, Sara J Johnson, Yvonne Wannemuehler, Curt Doetkott, Sandra C Rosenberger, Lisa K NolanAbstract:To identify traits that predict avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (APEC) virulence, 124 avian E. Coli isolates of known Pathogenicity and serogroup were subjected to virulence genotyping and phylogenetic typing. The results were analyzed by multiple-correspondence analysis. From this analysis, five genes carried by plasmids were identified as being the most significantly associated with highly Pathogenic APEC strains: iutA, hlyF, iss, iroN, and ompT. A multiplex PCR panel targeting these five genes was used to screen a collection of 994 avian E. Coli isolates. APEC isolates were clearly distinguished from the avian fecal E. Coli isolates by their possession of these genes, suggesting that this pentaplex panel has diagnostic applications and underscoring the close association between avian E. Coli virulence and the possession of ColV plasmids. Also, the sharp demarcation between APEC isolates and avian fecal E. Coli isolates in their plasmid-associated virulence gene content suggests that APEC isolates are well equipped for a Pathogenic lifestyle, which is contrary to the widely held belief that most APEC isolates are opportunistic pathogens. Regardless, APEC isolates remain an important problem for poultry producers and a potential concern for public health professionals, as growing evidence suggests a possible role for APEC in human disease. Thus, the pentaplex panel described here may be useful in detecting APEC-like strains occurring in poultry production, along the food chain, and in human disease. This panel may be helpful toward clarifying potential roles of APEC in human disease, ascertaining the source of APEC in animal outbreaks, and identifying effective targets of avian Colibacillosis control.
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comparison of extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli strains from human and avian sources reveals a mixed subset representing potential zoonotic pathogens
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: James R Johnson, Timothy J Johnson, Sara J Johnson, Yvonne Wannemuehler, Curt Doetkott, Adam L Stell, Kwang S Kim, Lodewijk Spanjaard, Lisa K NolanAbstract:Since extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (ExPEC) strains from human and avian hosts encounter similar challenges in establishing infection in extraintestinal locations, they may share similar contents of virulence genes and capacities to cause disease. In the present study, 1,074 ExPEC isolates were classified by phylogenetic group and possession of 67 other traits, including virulence-associated genes and plasmid replicon types. These ExPEC isolates included 452 avian Pathogenic E. Coli strains from avian Colibacillosis, 91 neonatal meningitis E. Coli (NMEC) strains causing human neonatal meningitis, and 531 uroPathogenic E. Coli strains from human urinary tract infections. Cluster analysis of the data revealed that most members of each subpathotype represent a genetically distinct group and have distinguishing characteristics. However, a genotyping cluster containing 108 ExPEC isolates was identified, heavily mixed with regard to subpathotype, in which there was substantial trait overlap. Many of the isolates within this cluster belonged to the O1, O2, or O18 serogroup. Also, 58% belonged to the ST95 multilocus sequence typing group, and over 90% of them were assigned to the B2 phylogenetic group typical of human ExPEC strains. This cluster contained strains with a high number of both chromosome- and plasmid-associated ExPEC genes. Further characterization of this ExPEC subset with zoonotic potential urges future studies exploring the potential for the transmission of certain ExPEC strains between humans and animals. Also, the widespread occurrence of plasmids among NMEC strains and members of the mixed cluster suggests that plasmid-mediated virulence in these pathotypes warrants further attention.
Susan J. Lamont - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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novel pathways revealed in bursa of fabricius transcriptome in response to extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli expec infection
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Lisa K Nolan, Susan J. LamontAbstract:Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (ExPEC) has major negative impacts on human and animal health. Recent research suggests food-borne links between human and animal ExPEC diseases with particular concern for poultry contaminated with avian Pathogenic E. Coli (APEC), the avian ExPEC. APEC is also a very important animal pathogen, causing Colibacillosis, one of the world’s most widespread bacterial diseases of poultry. Previous studies showed marked atrophy and lymphocytes depletion in the bursa during APEC infection. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of the avian bursa response to APEC infection will facilitate genetic selection for disease resistance. Four-week-old commercial male broiler chickens were infected with APEC O1 or given saline as a control. Bursas were collected at 1 and 5 days post-infection (dpi). Based on lesion scores of liver, pericardium and air sacs, infected birds were classified as having mild or severe pathology, representing resistant and susceptible phenotypes, respectively. Twenty-two individual bursa RNA libraries were sequenced, each yielding an average of 27 million single-end, 100-bp reads. There were 2469 novel genes in the total of 16,603 detected. Large numbers of significantly differentially expressed (DE) genes were detected when comparing susceptible and resistant birds at 5 dpi, susceptible and non-infected birds at 5 dpi, and susceptible birds at 5 dpi and 1 dpi. The DE genes were associated with signal transduction, the immune response, cell growth and cell death pathways. These data provide considerable insight into potential mechanisms of resistance to ExPEC infection, thus paving the way to develop strategies for ExPEC prevention and treatment, as well as enhancing innate resistance by genetic selection in animals.
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Correction: Corrigendum: DNA methylome in spleen of avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli -challenged broilers and integration with mRNA expression
Scientific Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Haiping Xu, Zhenhui Li, Yongsheng Hu, Lisa K Nolan, Xiquan Zhang, Susan J. LamontAbstract:Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (APEC) are responsible for heavy economic losses in poultry industry. Here we investigate DNA methylome of spleen and identify functional DNA methylation changes related to host response to APEC among groups of non-challenged chickens (NC), challenged with mild (MD) and severe pathology (SV). DNA methylation was enriched in the gene bodies and repeats. Promoter and CGIs are hypomethylated. Integration analysis revealed 22, 87, and 9 genes exhibiting inversely changed DNA methylation and gene expression in NC vs. MD, NC vs. SV, and MD vs. SV, respectively. IL8, IL2RB, and IL1RAPL1 were included. Gene network analysis suggested that besides inflammatory response, other networks and pathways such as organismal injury and abnormalities, cell signaling and molecular transport, are probably related to host response to APEC infection. Moreover, methylation changes in cell cycle processes might contribute to the lesion phenotype differences between MD and SV.
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dna methylome in spleen of avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli challenged broilers and integration with mrna expression
Scientific Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Xuenong Zhu, Xiquan Zhang, Lisa K Nolan, Qinghua Nie, Susan J. LamontAbstract:DNA methylome in spleen of avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli -challenged broilers and integration with mRNA expression
Jess D Reed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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proanthocyanidin chitosan composite nanoparticles prevent bacterial invasion and colonization of gut epithelial cells by extra intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019Co-Authors: Emilia Alfaroviquez, Christian G Krueger, Daniel Esquivelalvarado, Sergio Madrigalcarballo, Jess D ReedAbstract:Abstract Cranberry proanthocyanidin-chitosan composite nanoparticles (PAC-CHT NPs) were formulated using 2:1, 5:1, 10:1, 15:1 20:1, 25:1, and 30:1 PAC to CHT weight ratio to form round shaped particles. The PAC-CHT NPs were characterized by size, polydispersity, surface charge, morphology, and PAC content. PAC-CHT NPs bioactivity was measured by agglutination of extra-intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (ExPEC) and inhibition of gut epithelial cell invasion by ExPEC. Results indicate that by increasing the PAC to CHT ratio 10:1 to 30:1 formed stable nanoparticles with diameters of 122.8 to 618.7 nm, a polydispersity index of approximated 0.4 to 0.5, and a zeta potential of 34.5 to 54.4 mV. PAC-CHT NPs ratio 30:1 agglutinated ExPEC and decreased the ability of ExPEC to invade epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. PAC-CHT NPs ratio 10:1 to 30:1 form stable, round-shaped, and bioactive nanoparticles for potential applications in the treatment of ExPEC bacterial infections.
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cranberry proanthocyanidin chitosan hybrid nanoparticles as a potential inhibitor of extra intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli invasion of gut epithelial cells
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2018Co-Authors: Emilia Alfaroviquez, Christian G Krueger, Daniel Esquivelalvarado, Sergio Madrigalcarballo, Jess D ReedAbstract:Abstract Chitosan interacts with proanthocyanidins through hydrogen-bonding, which allows encapsulation and development of stable nanoparticles via ionotropic gelation. Cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC) are associated with the prevention of urinary tract infections and PAC inhibit invasion of gut epithelial cells by extra-intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (ExPEC). We determined the effect of cranberry proanthocyanidin-chitosan hybrid nanoparticles (PAC-CHTNp) on the ExPEC invasion of gut epithelial cells in vitro. PAC-CHTNp were characterized according to size, morphology, and bioactivity. Results showed a decrease in the size of the nanoparticles as the concentration of PAC was increased, indicating that PAC increases cross-linking by hydrogen-bonding on the surface of the chitosan nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were produced with diameters ranging from 367.3 nm to 293.2 nm. Additionally, PAC-CHTNp significantly inhibited the ability of ExPEC to invade the enterocytes by ~80% at 66 μg GAE/mL and by ~92% at 100 μg GAE/mL. Results also indicate that chitosan nanoparticles alone were not significantly different from controls in preventing ExPEC invasion of enterocytes (data not shown) and also there were not significant differences between PAC alone and PAC-CHTNp, suggesting that the new PAC-CHTNp could lead to an increase in the stability of encapsulated PAC, maintain the molecular adhesion of PAC to ExPEC.
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ratio of a type to b type proanthocyanidin interflavan bonds affects extra intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli invasion of gut epithelial cells
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Rodrigo P Feliciano, Jennifer J Meudt, Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam, Christian G Krueger, Jess D ReedAbstract:Gut colonization by extra-intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (ExPEC) increases the risk of subsequent infections, including urinary tract infection and septicemia. Previous work suggests that cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC) interact with bacterial surface factors, altering bacterial interaction with host cells. Methods were developed to determine if ratios of “A-type” to “B-type” interflavan bonds in PAC affect ExPEC agglutination and invasion of enterocytes. In cranberries, 94.5% of PAC contain one or more “A-type” bonds, whereas in apples, 88.3% of PAC contain exclusively “B-type” bonds. Results show that cranberry “A-type” PAC have greater bioactivity than apple “B-type” PAC for increasing ExPEC agglutination and decreasing ExPEC epithelial cell invasion.
C Debroy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fatal pneumonia caused by extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli expec in a juvenile cat recovered from an animal hoarding incident
Veterinary Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Jason W Brooks, Elisabeth Roberts, Subhashinie Kariyawasam, Kathleen Kocher, C DebroyAbstract:The current study describes isolation of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (ExPEC) from a juvenile male cat that died after being rescued from an animal hoarding incident. Grossly, there was evidence of pneumonia and renal abscessation. Histologically, there was diffuse interstitial pneumonia with necrosis and necrotizing and suppurative nephritis with colonies of coccobacilli. Within the lung, kidney, and mesentery there was necrotizing and suppurative vasculitis with thrombosis and coccobacilli. E. Coli strain belonging to serotype O6:H1 that carried many of the virulence genes associated with ExPEC was isolated from the lung and kidney. The cat was part of a community of approximately 60 cats that lived in a house in a residential neighborhood, in which multiple cats had died. The case was of major significance to public health, as first responders, animal health professionals, and other community members were likely exposed to ExPEC, which is known to have zoonotic potential. It is important that pet owners, animal health and public health professionals, and first responders be made aware of the potential for zoonotic diseases.
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necrotizing pneumonia and pleuritis associated with extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli in a tiger panthera tigris cub
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2010Co-Authors: Francisco R Carvallo, C Debroy, Lynn Hinckley, Esteban Baeza, Kelly Gilbert, Soo Jeon Choi, Guillermo R Risatti, Joan A SmythAbstract:Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (ExPEC) cause diseases in humans and animals, affecting organs outside the alimentary canal. In recent years, ExPEC have been reported as a cause of fatal pneumonia in dogs, cats, and in a horse. In the current report, a fatal case of pneumonia and pleuritis is described in a 4-week-old tiger (Panthera tigris) cub associated with ExPEC. The cub was presented with a sudden-onset respiratory illness and died after a few hours. Postmortem examination of the cub revealed an acute necrotizing pneumonia. The alveolar spaces were filled with large numbers of inflammatory cells (predominantly macrophages), edema, fibrin strands, and short bacillary bacteria. Escherichia Coli O6:H31 was isolated in pure culture from the affected lung. It carried virulence genes cnf-1, sfa, fim, hlyD, and papG allele III, which are known to be associated with ExPEC strains. No evidence of infection by any other agent was detected. This is the first report, to the authors' knowledge, in wh...
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necrotizing pneumonia and pleuritis associated with extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli in a tiger panthera tigris cub
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2010Co-Authors: Francisco R Carvallo, C Debroy, Lynn Hinckley, Esteban Baeza, Kelly Gilbert, Soo Jeon Choi, Guillermo R Risatti, Joan A SmythAbstract:Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (ExPEC) cause diseases in humans and animals, affecting organs outside the alimentary canal. In recent years, ExPEC have been reported as a cause of fatal pneumonia in dogs, cats, and in a horse. In the current report, a fatal case of pneumonia and pleuritis is described in a 4-week-old tiger (Panthera tigris) cub associated with ExPEC. The cub was presented with a sudden-onset respiratory illness and died after a few hours. Postmortem examination of the cub revealed an acute necrotizing pneumonia. The alveolar spaces were filled with large numbers of inflammatory cells (predominantly macrophages), edema, fibrin strands, and short bacillary bacteria. Escherichia Coli O6:H31 was isolated in pure culture from the affected lung. It carried virulence genes cnf-1, sfa, fim, hlyD, and papG allele III, which are known to be associated with ExPEC strains. No evidence of infection by any other agent was detected. This is the first report, to the authors' knowledge, in which ExPEC has been associated with pneumonia in tigers.
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bronchopneumonia associated with extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli in a horse
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2008Co-Authors: C Debroy, Elisabeth Roberts, Bhushan M Jayarao, Jason W BrooksAbstract:Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (ExPEC) strains carrying distinct virulence attributes are known to cause diseases in humans and animals and infect organs other than the gastrointestinal tract. A fatal case of bronchopneumonia in a 12-year-old female Quarterhorse was investigated. Following postmortem examination, E. Coli, Enterococcus sp., and Klebsiella pneumonia were isolated from the lungs, which contained multifocal intra-alveolar accumulations of neutrophils and macrophages with edema, hemorrhage, and fibrin. The strain of E. Coli belonged to O2:H21 and carried virulence genes cnf1, sfa, foc, fimA, and papG allele I that are known to be associated with ExPEC strains. The strain was resistant to several antimicrobials including clindamycin, erythromycin, oxacillin, penicillin, and rifampin. This is the first report, to the authors' knowledge, in which ExPEC O2:H21 has been associated with fatal bronchopneumonia in a horse.
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extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli induced acute necrotizing pneumonia in cats
Zoonoses and Public Health, 2007Co-Authors: Radhakrishna Sura, H J Van Kruiningen, C Debroy, Lynn Hinckley, K J Greenberg, Z Gordon, Richard A FrenchAbstract:Summary Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (ExPEC) are pathogens involved in several disease conditions, ranging from urinary tract infection to meningitis in humans and animals. They comprise epidemiologically and phylogenetically distinct strains, affecting most species and involving any organ or anatomical site. Here, we report fatal cases of necrotizing pneumonia in cats. Over a 1-week period, 13 cats from an animal shelter in Stamford, Connecticut were presented for necropsy. All had a clinical history of acute respiratory disease. The gross and microscopic findings for all the cats were consistent. Escherichia Coli was uniformly isolated from the lungs of all the tested cats. All the isolates were haemolytic, genetically related as determined by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR, and harboured genes encoding for cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 and fimbriae and adhesions that are characteristic of ExPEC, implying a point source clonal outbreak. As cats are common household pets, this report raises concerns regarding zoonotic potential (in either direction) for these ExPEC strains.
Neil Woodford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extra intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli expec disease carriage and clones
Journal of Infection, 2015Co-Authors: Adam P Dale, Neil WoodfordAbstract:Extra-intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (ExPEC) have a complex phylogeny, broad virulence factor (VF) armament and significant genomic plasticity, and are associated with a spectrum of host infective syndromes ranging from simple urinary tract infection to life-threatening bacteraemia. Their importance as pathogens has come to the fore in recent years, particularly in the context of the global emergence of hyper-virulent and antibiotic resistant strains. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying ExPEC transmission dynamics and clonal selection remain poorly understood. Large-scale epidemiological and clinical studies are urgently required to ascertain the mechanisms underlying these processes to enable the development of novel evidence-based preventative and therapeutic strategies. In the current review, we provide a concise summary of the methods utilised for ExPEC phylogenetic delineation before exploring in detail the associations between ExPEC VFs and site-specific disease. We then consider the role of ExPEC as an intestinal colonist and outline known associations between ExPEC clonal variation, specific disease syndromes and antibiotic resistance.
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comparative virulence of urinary and bloodstream isolates of extra intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli in a galleria mellonella model
Virulence, 2015Co-Authors: H Ciesielczuk, Neil Woodford, Jonathan W Betts, Lynnette Phee, Michel Doumith, Russell Hope, David W WarehamAbstract:Extra-intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (ExPEC) are a significant cause of urinary tract infections and bacteraemia worldwide. Currently no single virulence factor or ExPEC lineage has been identified as the sole contributor to severe extra-intestinal infection and/or urosepsis. Galleria mellonella has recently been established as a simple model for studying the comparative virulence of ExPEC. In this study we investigated the virulence of 40 well-characterized ExPEC strains, in G. mellonella, by measuring mortality (larvae survival), immune recognition/response (melanin production) and cell damage (lactate dehydrogenase production). Although mortality was similar between urinary and bloodstream isolates, it was heightened for community-associated infections, complicated UTIs and urinary-source bacteraemia. Isolates of ST131 and those possessing afa/dra, ompT and serogroup O6 were also associated with heightened virulence.
