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Phillip M Altman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an ex vivo assessor blind randomised parallel group comparative efficacy trial of the ovicidal activity of three Pediculicides after a single application melaleuca oil and lavender oil eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil and a suffocation pediculic
BMC Dermatology, 2011Co-Authors: Stephen C Barker, Phillip M AltmanAbstract:There are two components to the clinical efficacy of Pediculicides: (i) efficacy against the crawling-stages (lousicidal efficacy); and (ii) efficacy against the eggs (ovicidal efficacy). Lousicidal efficacy and ovicidal efficacy are confounded in clinical trials. Here we report on a trial that was specially designed to rank the clinical ovicidal efficacy of Pediculicides. Eggs were collected, pre-treatment and post-treatment, from subjects with different types of hair, different coloured hair and hair of different length. Subjects with at least 20 live eggs of Pediculus capitis (head lice) were randomised to one of three treatment-groups: a melaleuca oil (commonly called tea tree oil) and lavender oil Pediculicide (TTO/LO); a eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil Pediculicide (EO/LTTO); or a "suffocation" Pediculicide. Pre-treatment: 10 to 22 live eggs were taken from the head by cutting the single hair with the live egg attached, before the treatment (total of 1,062 eggs). Treatment : The subjects then received a single treatment of one of the three Pediculicides, according to the manufacturers' instructions. Post-treatment: 10 to 41 treated live eggs were taken from the head by cutting the single hair with the egg attached (total of 1,183 eggs). Eggs were incubated for 14 days. The proportion of eggs that had hatched after 14 days in the pre-treatment group was compared with the proportion of eggs that hatched in the post-treatment group. The primary outcome measure was % ovicidal efficacy for each of the three Pediculicides. 722 subjects were examined for the presence of eggs of head lice. 92 of these subjects were recruited and randomly assigned to: the "suffocation" Pediculicide (n = 31); the melaleuca oil and lavender oil Pediculicide (n = 31); and the eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil Pediculicide (n = 30 subjects). The group treated with eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil had an ovicidal efficacy of 3.3% (SD 16%) whereas the group treated with melaleuca oil and lavender oil had an ovicidal efficacy of 44.4% (SD 23%) and the group treated with the "suffocation" Pediculicide had an ovicidal efficacy of 68.3% (SD 38%). Ovicidal efficacy varied substantially among treatments, from 3.3% to 68.3%. The "suffocation" Pediculicide and the melaleuca oil and lavender oil Pediculicide (TTO/LO) were significantly more ovicidal than eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil Pediculicide (EO/LTTO) (P < 0.0001). Ranking: 1. "Suffocation" Pediculicide (68.3% efficacy against eggs); 2. Melaleuca oil and lavender oil (44.4%) Pediculicide; 3. Eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil (3.3%) Pediculicide. The "suffocation" Pediculicide and TTO/LO are also highly efficacious against the crawling-stages. Thus, the "suffocation" Pediculicide and TTO/LO should be recommended as first line treatments. The study was listed at the Australian/New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR): reg. no. 12609000884202 .
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An ex vivo, assessor blind, randomised, parallel group, comparative efficacy trial of the ovicidal activity of three Pediculicides after a single application - melaleuca oil and lavender oil, eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil, and a "suffocation"
BMC Dermatology, 2011Co-Authors: Stephen C Barker, Phillip M AltmanAbstract:Background There are two components to the clinical efficacy of Pediculicides: (i) efficacy against the crawling-stages (lousicidal efficacy); and (ii) efficacy against the eggs (ovicidal efficacy). Lousicidal efficacy and ovicidal efficacy are confounded in clinical trials. Here we report on a trial that was specially designed to rank the clinical ovicidal efficacy of Pediculicides. Eggs were collected, pre-treatment and post-treatment, from subjects with different types of hair, different coloured hair and hair of different length. Method Subjects with at least 20 live eggs of Pediculus capitis (head lice) were randomised to one of three treatment-groups: a melaleuca oil (commonly called tea tree oil) and lavender oil Pediculicide (TTO/LO); a eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil Pediculicide (EO/LTTO); or a "suffocation" Pediculicide. Pre-treatment : 10 to 22 live eggs were taken from the head by cutting the single hair with the live egg attached, before the treatment (total of 1,062 eggs). Treatment : The subjects then received a single treatment of one of the three Pediculicides, according to the manufacturers' instructions. Post-treatment : 10 to 41 treated live eggs were taken from the head by cutting the single hair with the egg attached (total of 1,183 eggs). Eggs were incubated for 14 days. The proportion of eggs that had hatched after 14 days in the pre-treatment group was compared with the proportion of eggs that hatched in the post-treatment group. The primary outcome measure was % ovicidal efficacy for each of the three Pediculicides. Results 722 subjects were examined for the presence of eggs of head lice. 92 of these subjects were recruited and randomly assigned to: the "suffocation" Pediculicide (n = 31); the melaleuca oil and lavender oil Pediculicide (n = 31); and the eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil Pediculicide (n = 30 subjects). The group treated with eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil had an ovicidal efficacy of 3.3% (SD 16%) whereas the group treated with melaleuca oil and lavender oil had an ovicidal efficacy of 44.4% (SD 23%) and the group treated with the "suffocation" Pediculicide had an ovicidal efficacy of 68.3% (SD 38%). Conclusion Ovicidal efficacy varied substantially among treatments, from 3.3% to 68.3%. The "suffocation" Pediculicide and the melaleuca oil and lavender oil Pediculicide (TTO/LO) were significantly more ovicidal than eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil Pediculicide (EO/LTTO) (P < 0.0001). Ranking: 1. "Suffocation" Pediculicide (68.3% efficacy against eggs); 2. Melaleuca oil and lavender oil (44.4%) Pediculicide; 3. Eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil (3.3%) Pediculicide. The "suffocation" Pediculicide and TTO/LO are also highly efficacious against the crawling-stages. Thus, the "suffocation" Pediculicide and TTO/LO should be recommended as first line treatments. Trial Registration The study was listed at the Australian/New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR): reg. no. 12609000884202 .
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a randomised assessor blind parallel group comparative efficacy trial of three products for the treatment of head lice in children melaleuca oil and lavender oil pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide and a suffocation product
BMC Dermatology, 2010Co-Authors: Stephen C Barker, Phillip M AltmanAbstract:Background There are many different types of Pediculicides available OTC in Australia. In this study we compare the efficacy and safety of three topical Pediculicides: a Pediculicide containing melaleuca oil (tea tree oil) and lavender oil (TTO/LO); a head lice "suffocation" product; and a product containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (P/PB).
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A randomised, assessor blind, parallel group comparative efficacy trial of three products for the treatment of head lice in children - melaleuca oil and lavender oil, pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide, and a "suffocation" product
BMC Dermatology, 2010Co-Authors: Stephen C Barker, Phillip M AltmanAbstract:Background There are many different types of Pediculicides available OTC in Australia. In this study we compare the efficacy and safety of three topical Pediculicides: a Pediculicide containing melaleuca oil (tea tree oil) and lavender oil (TTO/LO); a head lice "suffocation" product; and a product containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (P/PB). Method This study was a randomised, assessor-blind, comparative, parallel study of 123 subjects with live head lice. The head lice products were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions (the TTO/LO product and the "suffocation" product were applied three times at weekly intervals according to manufacturers instructions (on Day 0, Day 7 and Day 14) and the P/PB product was applied twice according to manufacturers instructions (on Day 0 and Day 7)). The presence or absence of live lice one day following the last treatment was determined. Results The percentage of subjects who were louse-free one day after the last treatment with the product containing tea tree oil and lavender oil (41/42; 97.6%) and the head lice "suffocation" product (40/41, 97.6%) was significantly higher compared to the percentage of subjects who were louse-free one day after the last treatment with the product containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (10/40, 25.0%; adj. p < 0.0001). Conclusion The high efficacy of the TTO/LO product and the head lice "suffocation" product offers an alternative to the pyrethrins-based product. Trial Registration The study was entered into the Australian/New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12610000179033.
Mayura Soonwera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ovicidal effect of essential oils from Zingiberaceae plants and Eucalytus globulus on eggs of head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2018Co-Authors: Mayura Soonwera, Orawan Wongnet, Sirawut SittichokAbstract:Abstract Background Head lice infestation is an important public health problem worldwide. Chemical Pediculicides have lost their efficacy because lice have developed resistance to them. Therefore, alternative Pediculicides such as essential oils and herbal products have been proposed for treating head lice infestation. Study design To determine the efficacy of essential oils from three Zingiberaceae plants (Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuma zedoaria and Zingiber zerumbet) against head lice eggs and to investigate an augmenting substance (Eucalyptus globulus EO) for improving the efficacy of these essential oils in killing head lice eggs, especially on the inhibition of their hatching process. Permethrin Pediculicide, soyabean oil, and drinking water were used as positive, negative, and neutral controls, respectively. Methods An immersion test was used to evaluate the ovicidal activity of 12 essential oil formulations. Head lice eggs were immersed for 1, 5 and 10 min in the treatments. Mortality rate was observed on day 7 and day 14; mortality was checked under a stereomicroscope. Results All head lice eggs that were immersed in a combination of 10% C. zedoaria EO and 10% E. globulus EO for 5 min did not hatch at all for 7–14 days of incubation. All head lice eggs that were immersed in soyabean oil and drinking water for 1, 5, and 10 min showed 100% hatching rate in 7–14 days of incubation. All head lice eggs that were immersed in permethrin Pediculicide for 1, 5 min, showed 100% hatching rate, but when they were immersed for 10 min, permethrin provided 4.0–6.0% inhibition rate with 94.0–96.0% hatching rate for 7–14 days of incubation. All combinations of Zingiberaceae EOs and E. globulus EO at low and high concentrations (5 and 10%) exhibited high ovicidal activities against head lice eggs, and the combinations showed a synergistic effect with an increase in the inhibition rate of more than 50%. Conclusion These results demonstrated that Zingiberaceae EOs augmented with E. globulus EO are promising ovicidal agents for head lice control.
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Efficacy of herbal shampoo base on native plant against head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer, Pediculidae: Phthiraptera) in vitro and in vivo in Thailand
Parasitology Research, 2014Co-Authors: Mayura SoonweraAbstract:Head lice infestation (or pediculosis) is an important public health problem in Thailand, especially in children between the ages 5 and 11 years. Head lice resistance is increasing, chemical Pediculicides have lost their efficacy, and, therefore, alternative Pediculicides such as herbal shampoos have been proposed to treat head lice infestation. Thus, the present study investigated the efficacy of three herbal shampoos based on native plants in Thailand ( Acorus calamus Linn., Phyllanthus emblica Linn., and Zanthoxylum limonella Alston) against head lice and compared them with carbaryl shampoo (Hafif shampoo®, 0.6 % w / v carbaryl), malathion shampoo (A-Lice shampoo®, 1.0 % w / v malathion), and commercial shampoos (Babi Mild Natural’ N Mild® and Johnson’s baby shampoo®) in order to assess their in vitro and in vivo efficacy. For in vitro study, doses of 0.12 and 0.25 ml/cm^2 of each herbal shampoo were applied to filter paper, then 10 head lice were place on the filter paper. The mortalities of head lice were recorded at 5, 15, 30, and 60 min. The results revealed that all herbal shampoo were more effective on pediculicidal activity than chemical and commercial shampoos with 100 % mortality at 15 min; LT_50 values ranged from 0.25 to 1.90 min. Meanwhile, chemical shampoos caused 20–80 % mortality, and LT_50 values ranged from 6.50 to 85.43 min. On the other side, commercial shampoos showed 4.0 % mortality. The most effective Pediculicide was Z. limonella shampoo, followed by A. calamus shampoo, P. emblica shampoo, carbaryl shampoo, malathion shampoo, and commercial shampoo, respectively. In vivo results showed that all herbal shampoos were also more effective for head lice treatment than chemical and commercial shampoos with 94.67–97.68 % of cure rate after the first treatment; the second treatment, 7 days later, revealed that the cure rate was 100 %. Meanwhile, chemical shampoo showed 71.67–93.0 % of cure rate and, unfortunately, commercial shampoos were nontoxic to head lice and showed 0 % of cure rate after the first and the second treatments. Our data showed that three herbal shampoos of native plants in Thailand in this study are suitable to be used as Pediculicides for Thai children since it is safe for children and there is no side-effect after application.
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In vitro pediculicidal activity of herbal shampoo base on Thai local plants against head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer)
Parasitology Research, 2013Co-Authors: Watcharawit Rassami, Mayura SoonweraAbstract:Head lice infestation, a worldwide head infestation caused Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer, is an important public health problem in Thailand. Several chemical Pediculicides have lost in efficacy due to increasing resistance of lice against insecticide. Therefore, non-toxic alternative products, such as natural products from plants, e.g. plant extract Pediculicides, are needed for head lice control. The aims of this study were to evaluate the potential of pediculicidal activity of herbal shampoo base on three species of Thai local plants ( Accacia concinna (Willd.) DC, Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. and Tamarindus indica Linn.) against head lice and to compare them with carbaryl shampoo (Hafif shampoo®; 0.6 % w / v carbaryl) and non-treatment control in order to assess their in vitro. Doses of 0.12 and 0.25 ml/cm^2 of each herbal shampoo were applied to filter paper, and ten head lice were place on the filter paper. The mortalities of head lice on the filter paper were recorded at 1, 5, 10, 30 and 60 min by sterio-microscope. All herbal shampoos at 0.25 ml/cm^2 were more effective Pediculicide than carbaryl shampoo with 100 % mortality at 5 min. The median lethal time (LT_50) of all herbal shampoos at 0.25 ml/cm^2 showed no significant differences over at 0.12 ml/cm^2 ( P
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In vitro pediculicidal activity of herbal shampoo base on Thai local plants against head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer)
Parasitology research, 2013Co-Authors: Watcharawit Rassami, Mayura SoonweraAbstract:Head lice infestation, a worldwide head infestation caused Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer, is an important public health problem in Thailand. Several chemical Pediculicides have lost in efficacy due to increasing resistance of lice against insecticide. Therefore, non-toxic alternative products, such as natural products from plants, e.g. plant extract Pediculicides, are needed for head lice control. The aims of this study were to evaluate the potential of pediculicidal activity of herbal shampoo base on three species of Thai local plants (Accacia concinna (Willd.) DC, Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. and Tamarindus indica Linn.) against head lice and to compare them with carbaryl shampoo (Hafif shampoo®; 0.6 % w/v carbaryl) and non-treatment control in order to assess their in vitro. Doses of 0.12 and 0.25 ml/cm2 of each herbal shampoo were applied to filter paper, and ten head lice were place on the filter paper. The mortalities of head lice on the filter paper were recorded at 1, 5, 10, 30 and 60 min by sterio-microscope. All herbal shampoos at 0.25 ml/cm2 were more effective Pediculicide than carbaryl shampoo with 100 % mortality at 5 min. The median lethal time (LT50) of all herbal shampoos at 0.25 ml/cm2 showed no significant differences over at 0.12 ml/cm2 (P < 0.01). The most effective Pediculicide was T. indica extract shampoo, followed by Av. bilimbi extract shampoo and Ac. concinna extract shampoo, with LT50 values
Stephen C Barker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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International guidelines for clinical trials with Pediculicides.
International journal of dermatology, 2012Co-Authors: Stephen C Barker, Ian F. Burgess, Terri A. Meinking, Kosta Y MumcuogluAbstract:Pediculosis capitis, infestation with head lice, is common in all human societies. Chemical Pediculicides are often used to control head louse infestations, particularly in wealthy communities. A significant number of different protocols have been used to test the efficacy and safety of Pediculicides in clinical trials; this constrains scientific comparison of the evidence for efficacy of the different Pediculicides. Here we recommend protocols for clinical trials of the efficacy and safety of single-, two-, and three-treatment interventions.
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an ex vivo assessor blind randomised parallel group comparative efficacy trial of the ovicidal activity of three Pediculicides after a single application melaleuca oil and lavender oil eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil and a suffocation pediculic
BMC Dermatology, 2011Co-Authors: Stephen C Barker, Phillip M AltmanAbstract:There are two components to the clinical efficacy of Pediculicides: (i) efficacy against the crawling-stages (lousicidal efficacy); and (ii) efficacy against the eggs (ovicidal efficacy). Lousicidal efficacy and ovicidal efficacy are confounded in clinical trials. Here we report on a trial that was specially designed to rank the clinical ovicidal efficacy of Pediculicides. Eggs were collected, pre-treatment and post-treatment, from subjects with different types of hair, different coloured hair and hair of different length. Subjects with at least 20 live eggs of Pediculus capitis (head lice) were randomised to one of three treatment-groups: a melaleuca oil (commonly called tea tree oil) and lavender oil Pediculicide (TTO/LO); a eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil Pediculicide (EO/LTTO); or a "suffocation" Pediculicide. Pre-treatment: 10 to 22 live eggs were taken from the head by cutting the single hair with the live egg attached, before the treatment (total of 1,062 eggs). Treatment : The subjects then received a single treatment of one of the three Pediculicides, according to the manufacturers' instructions. Post-treatment: 10 to 41 treated live eggs were taken from the head by cutting the single hair with the egg attached (total of 1,183 eggs). Eggs were incubated for 14 days. The proportion of eggs that had hatched after 14 days in the pre-treatment group was compared with the proportion of eggs that hatched in the post-treatment group. The primary outcome measure was % ovicidal efficacy for each of the three Pediculicides. 722 subjects were examined for the presence of eggs of head lice. 92 of these subjects were recruited and randomly assigned to: the "suffocation" Pediculicide (n = 31); the melaleuca oil and lavender oil Pediculicide (n = 31); and the eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil Pediculicide (n = 30 subjects). The group treated with eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil had an ovicidal efficacy of 3.3% (SD 16%) whereas the group treated with melaleuca oil and lavender oil had an ovicidal efficacy of 44.4% (SD 23%) and the group treated with the "suffocation" Pediculicide had an ovicidal efficacy of 68.3% (SD 38%). Ovicidal efficacy varied substantially among treatments, from 3.3% to 68.3%. The "suffocation" Pediculicide and the melaleuca oil and lavender oil Pediculicide (TTO/LO) were significantly more ovicidal than eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil Pediculicide (EO/LTTO) (P < 0.0001). Ranking: 1. "Suffocation" Pediculicide (68.3% efficacy against eggs); 2. Melaleuca oil and lavender oil (44.4%) Pediculicide; 3. Eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil (3.3%) Pediculicide. The "suffocation" Pediculicide and TTO/LO are also highly efficacious against the crawling-stages. Thus, the "suffocation" Pediculicide and TTO/LO should be recommended as first line treatments. The study was listed at the Australian/New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR): reg. no. 12609000884202 .
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An ex vivo, assessor blind, randomised, parallel group, comparative efficacy trial of the ovicidal activity of three Pediculicides after a single application - melaleuca oil and lavender oil, eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil, and a "suffocation"
BMC Dermatology, 2011Co-Authors: Stephen C Barker, Phillip M AltmanAbstract:Background There are two components to the clinical efficacy of Pediculicides: (i) efficacy against the crawling-stages (lousicidal efficacy); and (ii) efficacy against the eggs (ovicidal efficacy). Lousicidal efficacy and ovicidal efficacy are confounded in clinical trials. Here we report on a trial that was specially designed to rank the clinical ovicidal efficacy of Pediculicides. Eggs were collected, pre-treatment and post-treatment, from subjects with different types of hair, different coloured hair and hair of different length. Method Subjects with at least 20 live eggs of Pediculus capitis (head lice) were randomised to one of three treatment-groups: a melaleuca oil (commonly called tea tree oil) and lavender oil Pediculicide (TTO/LO); a eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil Pediculicide (EO/LTTO); or a "suffocation" Pediculicide. Pre-treatment : 10 to 22 live eggs were taken from the head by cutting the single hair with the live egg attached, before the treatment (total of 1,062 eggs). Treatment : The subjects then received a single treatment of one of the three Pediculicides, according to the manufacturers' instructions. Post-treatment : 10 to 41 treated live eggs were taken from the head by cutting the single hair with the egg attached (total of 1,183 eggs). Eggs were incubated for 14 days. The proportion of eggs that had hatched after 14 days in the pre-treatment group was compared with the proportion of eggs that hatched in the post-treatment group. The primary outcome measure was % ovicidal efficacy for each of the three Pediculicides. Results 722 subjects were examined for the presence of eggs of head lice. 92 of these subjects were recruited and randomly assigned to: the "suffocation" Pediculicide (n = 31); the melaleuca oil and lavender oil Pediculicide (n = 31); and the eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil Pediculicide (n = 30 subjects). The group treated with eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil had an ovicidal efficacy of 3.3% (SD 16%) whereas the group treated with melaleuca oil and lavender oil had an ovicidal efficacy of 44.4% (SD 23%) and the group treated with the "suffocation" Pediculicide had an ovicidal efficacy of 68.3% (SD 38%). Conclusion Ovicidal efficacy varied substantially among treatments, from 3.3% to 68.3%. The "suffocation" Pediculicide and the melaleuca oil and lavender oil Pediculicide (TTO/LO) were significantly more ovicidal than eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil Pediculicide (EO/LTTO) (P < 0.0001). Ranking: 1. "Suffocation" Pediculicide (68.3% efficacy against eggs); 2. Melaleuca oil and lavender oil (44.4%) Pediculicide; 3. Eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil (3.3%) Pediculicide. The "suffocation" Pediculicide and TTO/LO are also highly efficacious against the crawling-stages. Thus, the "suffocation" Pediculicide and TTO/LO should be recommended as first line treatments. Trial Registration The study was listed at the Australian/New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR): reg. no. 12609000884202 .
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a randomised assessor blind parallel group comparative efficacy trial of three products for the treatment of head lice in children melaleuca oil and lavender oil pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide and a suffocation product
BMC Dermatology, 2010Co-Authors: Stephen C Barker, Phillip M AltmanAbstract:Background There are many different types of Pediculicides available OTC in Australia. In this study we compare the efficacy and safety of three topical Pediculicides: a Pediculicide containing melaleuca oil (tea tree oil) and lavender oil (TTO/LO); a head lice "suffocation" product; and a product containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (P/PB).
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A randomised, assessor blind, parallel group comparative efficacy trial of three products for the treatment of head lice in children - melaleuca oil and lavender oil, pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide, and a "suffocation" product
BMC Dermatology, 2010Co-Authors: Stephen C Barker, Phillip M AltmanAbstract:Background There are many different types of Pediculicides available OTC in Australia. In this study we compare the efficacy and safety of three topical Pediculicides: a Pediculicide containing melaleuca oil (tea tree oil) and lavender oil (TTO/LO); a head lice "suffocation" product; and a product containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (P/PB). Method This study was a randomised, assessor-blind, comparative, parallel study of 123 subjects with live head lice. The head lice products were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions (the TTO/LO product and the "suffocation" product were applied three times at weekly intervals according to manufacturers instructions (on Day 0, Day 7 and Day 14) and the P/PB product was applied twice according to manufacturers instructions (on Day 0 and Day 7)). The presence or absence of live lice one day following the last treatment was determined. Results The percentage of subjects who were louse-free one day after the last treatment with the product containing tea tree oil and lavender oil (41/42; 97.6%) and the head lice "suffocation" product (40/41, 97.6%) was significantly higher compared to the percentage of subjects who were louse-free one day after the last treatment with the product containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (10/40, 25.0%; adj. p < 0.0001). Conclusion The high efficacy of the TTO/LO product and the head lice "suffocation" product offers an alternative to the pyrethrins-based product. Trial Registration The study was entered into the Australian/New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12610000179033.
Maria Ines Picollo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of the formulations in removing eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae)
Parasitology Research, 2014Co-Authors: Isabel Ortega-insaurralde, Ariel Ceferino Toloza, Maria Ines Picollo, Claudia VassenaAbstract:Head lice lay eggs in human head hairs in order to reproduce. There is a difficulty associated to the process of detaching these eggs: they are tightly gripped to the hair by a secretion produced by female head lice. The physical removal of eggs has become an important part of treatment of louse infestations. The finding of new products to loosen the eggs is necessary to avoid mistaken diagnosis or reinfestations. This work aimed to compare different kinds of Pediculicide formulations in order to find if their presentations represented differences in the egg remover effect. We also wanted to present a new device to test the efficacy of the egg remover formulations. Products with creamy presentations (Bio infant lice and egg remover® and hair conditioner) and one containing dimethicone (Nyda®) showed the lower mean forces compared with the control (lower mean forces represented best removal activity). Whereas, the Biferdil egg remover® (gel) and Nopucid Tribit® (hydroalcoholic lotion) had no egg removal effect, presenting the highest mean forces (177.82 and 189.99 mN, respectively) compared with the control. Additionally, we proposed a removal index (RI) to compare the efficacy of different products on the egg removal activity (RI > 0, good performance). The higher index values were for Bio infant lice and egg remover® (0.72) and Biferdil hair conditioner® (0.58). The lowest index values were for Biferdil egg remover® (−0.26) and Nopucid Tribit® (−0.35).The formulation of over the counter Pediculicides in the egg remover effect was discussed.
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eucalyptus essential oil toxicity against permethrin resistant pediculus humanus capitis phthiraptera pediculidae
Parasitology Research, 2010Co-Authors: Ariel Ceferino Toloza, Hector Masuh, Alejandro Lucia, Eduardo Zerba, Maria Ines PicolloAbstract:During the past decades, chemical control against the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer has been based in the application of products containing permethrin. The repetitive overuse of Pediculicides has resulted in the development of high levels of resistance to one or more of these products worldwide. Essential oils obtained from aromatic plants like Eucalyptus are good and safe alternatives due to their low toxicity to mammals and easy biodegradability. In the present study, we reported the chemical composition of Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus gunni, and the fumigant activity of five Eucalyptus essential oils and their main compounds against permethrin-resistant head lice from Argentina. The most effective essential oils were Eucalyptus sideroxylon, Eucalyptus globulus ssp globulus, and Eucalyptus globulus ssp maidenii, with knockdown time 50% (KT50) values of 24.75, 27.73, and 31.39 min. A linear regression analysis between percentage of 1,8-Cineole and KT50 values of the essential oils showed a significant correlation at a p < 0.01. Since Eucalyptus essential oils showed to be effective against head lice and are classified as safer compounds, they can be employed into Pediculicide formulations.
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Ovicidal and adulticidal effects of monoterpenoids against permethrin-resistant human head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis.
Medical and veterinary entomology, 2008Co-Authors: Ariel Ceferino Toloza, Claudia V. Vassena, Maria Ines PicolloAbstract:The improper use of Pediculicides containing permethrin has led to the development of resistance. Thus, new alternatives for control are needed. Plant-derived insecticides are attractive alternatives to common chemical insecticides because most of them are environmentally friendly and non-toxic to mammals. The toxic activity of 23 monoterpenoids belonging to several chemical classes was tested against the eggs of permethrin-resistant head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae). Significant differences in ovicidal action were observed among the tested substances. The most effective chemicals were hydrocarbons and ethers, followed by ketones, alcohols, phenols and esters. A linear relationship between egg mortality and knockdown time (KT(50)) on adults by the tested components revealed that most of the components were effective on both egg and adult stages. The monoterpenoids described herein are good candidates as effective Pediculicides.
Ariel Ceferino Toloza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of the formulations in removing eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae)
Parasitology Research, 2014Co-Authors: Isabel Ortega-insaurralde, Ariel Ceferino Toloza, Maria Ines Picollo, Claudia VassenaAbstract:Head lice lay eggs in human head hairs in order to reproduce. There is a difficulty associated to the process of detaching these eggs: they are tightly gripped to the hair by a secretion produced by female head lice. The physical removal of eggs has become an important part of treatment of louse infestations. The finding of new products to loosen the eggs is necessary to avoid mistaken diagnosis or reinfestations. This work aimed to compare different kinds of Pediculicide formulations in order to find if their presentations represented differences in the egg remover effect. We also wanted to present a new device to test the efficacy of the egg remover formulations. Products with creamy presentations (Bio infant lice and egg remover® and hair conditioner) and one containing dimethicone (Nyda®) showed the lower mean forces compared with the control (lower mean forces represented best removal activity). Whereas, the Biferdil egg remover® (gel) and Nopucid Tribit® (hydroalcoholic lotion) had no egg removal effect, presenting the highest mean forces (177.82 and 189.99 mN, respectively) compared with the control. Additionally, we proposed a removal index (RI) to compare the efficacy of different products on the egg removal activity (RI > 0, good performance). The higher index values were for Bio infant lice and egg remover® (0.72) and Biferdil hair conditioner® (0.58). The lowest index values were for Biferdil egg remover® (−0.26) and Nopucid Tribit® (−0.35).The formulation of over the counter Pediculicides in the egg remover effect was discussed.
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eucalyptus essential oil toxicity against permethrin resistant pediculus humanus capitis phthiraptera pediculidae
Parasitology Research, 2010Co-Authors: Ariel Ceferino Toloza, Hector Masuh, Alejandro Lucia, Eduardo Zerba, Maria Ines PicolloAbstract:During the past decades, chemical control against the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer has been based in the application of products containing permethrin. The repetitive overuse of Pediculicides has resulted in the development of high levels of resistance to one or more of these products worldwide. Essential oils obtained from aromatic plants like Eucalyptus are good and safe alternatives due to their low toxicity to mammals and easy biodegradability. In the present study, we reported the chemical composition of Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus gunni, and the fumigant activity of five Eucalyptus essential oils and their main compounds against permethrin-resistant head lice from Argentina. The most effective essential oils were Eucalyptus sideroxylon, Eucalyptus globulus ssp globulus, and Eucalyptus globulus ssp maidenii, with knockdown time 50% (KT50) values of 24.75, 27.73, and 31.39 min. A linear regression analysis between percentage of 1,8-Cineole and KT50 values of the essential oils showed a significant correlation at a p < 0.01. Since Eucalyptus essential oils showed to be effective against head lice and are classified as safer compounds, they can be employed into Pediculicide formulations.
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Ovicidal and adulticidal effects of monoterpenoids against permethrin-resistant human head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis.
Medical and veterinary entomology, 2008Co-Authors: Ariel Ceferino Toloza, Claudia V. Vassena, Maria Ines PicolloAbstract:The improper use of Pediculicides containing permethrin has led to the development of resistance. Thus, new alternatives for control are needed. Plant-derived insecticides are attractive alternatives to common chemical insecticides because most of them are environmentally friendly and non-toxic to mammals. The toxic activity of 23 monoterpenoids belonging to several chemical classes was tested against the eggs of permethrin-resistant head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae). Significant differences in ovicidal action were observed among the tested substances. The most effective chemicals were hydrocarbons and ethers, followed by ketones, alcohols, phenols and esters. A linear relationship between egg mortality and knockdown time (KT(50)) on adults by the tested components revealed that most of the components were effective on both egg and adult stages. The monoterpenoids described herein are good candidates as effective Pediculicides.