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Marc S Appelhans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phylogeny and biogeography of the pantropical genus Zanthoxylum and its closest relatives in the proto rutaceae group rutaceae
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Marc S Appelhans, Niklas Reichelt, Milton Groppo, Claudia Paetzold, Jun WenAbstract:Abstract Zanthoxylum L. (prickly ash) is the only genus in the Citrus L. family (Rutaceae) with a pantropical distribution. We present the first detailed phylogenetic and biogeographic study of the genus and its close relatives in the proto-Rutaceae group. Our phylogenetic analyses based on two plastid and two nuclear markers show that the genus Toddalia Juss. is nested within Zanthoxylum, that earlier generic and intrageneric classifications need revision, and that the homochlamydeous flowers of the temperate species of Zanthoxylum are the result of a reduction from heterochlamydeous flowers. The biogeographic analyses reveal a Eurasian origin of Zanthoxylum in the Paleocene or Eocene with successive intercontinental or long-range migrations. Zanthoxylum likely crossed the North Atlantic Land Bridges to colonize the Americas in the Eocene, and migrated back to the Old World probably via the Bering Land Bridge in the Oligocene or Miocene. Zanthoxylum also colonized several Pacific Islands and the Hawaiian clade shows phylogenetic incongruence between the plastid and nuclear datasets, suggesting hybridization. The Hawaiian species are one of the rare examples of endemic Hawaiian lineages that are older than the current main islands.
A. Waheed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cytotoxic activity of extracts and crude saponins from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. against human breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468) and colorectal (Caco-2) cancer cell lines
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Fiaz Alam, Qazi Najam Us Saqib, A. WaheedAbstract:Zanthoxylum armatum DC has been an important traditional plant known for its medicinal properties. It is well known for its antimicrobial, larvicidal and cytotoxic activities. The potential anticancer effects of the methanol extract and the crude saponins from fruit, bark and leaves of Z. armatum on breast (MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7) and colorectal (Caco-2) cancer cell lines using MTT, neutral red uptake(NRU) and DAPI stain assays were evaluated. In MTT assay the methanol extract of fruit (Zf), bark (Zb) and leaves (Zl) of Zanthoxylum armatum, showed significant and dose dependent growth inhibition of MCF-7, MDA MB-468 and Caco-2 cancer cell lines in a dose of 200 μg/ml and above. The saponins (Zf.Sa, Zb.Sa and Zl.Sa) showed significant activity against MDA MB-468 (95, 94.5 and 85.3%) as compared to MCF-7 (79.8, 9.43, 49.08%) and Caco-2 (75.8, 61.8, 68.62%) respectively. The extracts were further tested in more sensitive NRU assay and its was found that Zf extract showed higher cytotoxic activity as compared to Zb and Zl extracts with 100 μg/ml concentration. The breast cancer cell lines showed more sensitivity toward the crude saponins from fruit and bark with maximum inhibition of up to 93.81(±2.32) % with respect to 71.19(± 2.76) of Actinomycin-D. DAPI staining experiment showed that saponins from fruit induced apoptosis mode of cell death in all three types of cell lines while saponins form leaves and bark showed similar results against MDA MB-468 indicated by nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. The effect of saponins from fruit, bark and leaves (Zf.Sa, Zb.Sa and Zl.Sa) against Caco-2 cell lines inhibited the growth of Caco-2 by 53.16 (±3.31) %, 66.43 (± 3.24) and 45.96 (± 10.67) respectively with respect to Actinomycin-D (4 μM) which showed the growth inhibition of 65.40(±4.29) %. The current study clearly demonstrates that the extract and crude saponins from fruit, bark and leaves of traditional medicinal plant Zanthoxyllum armatum DC., has the potential to exert its cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines isolated form human by a mechanism involving apoptosis. The overall finding demonstrate that this plant specially fruits, could be potential source of new anticancer compounds for possible drug development against cancer.
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Cytotoxic activity of extracts and crude saponins from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. against human breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468) and colorectal (Caco-2) cancer cell lines
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Fiaz Alam, Qazi Najum Us Saqib, A. WaheedAbstract:Background Zanthoxylum armatum DC has been an important traditional plant known for its medicinal properties. It is well known for its antimicrobial, larvicidal and cytotoxic activities. Methods The potential anticancer effects of the methanol extract and the crude saponins from fruit, bark and leaves of Z. armatum on breast (MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7) and colorectal (Caco-2) cancer cell lines using MTT, neutral red uptake(NRU) and DAPI stain assays were evaluated. Results In MTT assay the methanol extract of fruit (Zf), bark (Zb) and leaves (Zl) of Zanthoxylum armatum , showed significant and dose dependent growth inhibition of MCF-7, MDA MB-468 and Caco-2 cancer cell lines in a dose of 200 μg/ml and above. The saponins (Zf.Sa, Zb.Sa and Zl.Sa) showed significant activity against MDA MB-468 (95, 94.5 and 85.3%) as compared to MCF-7 (79.8, 9.43, 49.08%) and Caco-2 (75.8, 61.8, 68.62%) respectively. The extracts were further tested in more sensitive NRU assay and its was found that Zf extract showed higher cytotoxic activity as compared to Zb and Zl extracts with 100 μg/ml concentration. The breast cancer cell lines showed more sensitivity toward the crude saponins from fruit and bark with maximum inhibition of up to 93.81(±2.32) % with respect to 71.19(± 2.76) of Actinomycin-D. DAPI staining experiment showed that saponins from fruit induced apoptosis mode of cell death in all three types of cell lines while saponins form leaves and bark showed similar results against MDA MB-468 indicated by nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. The effect of saponins from fruit, bark and leaves (Zf.Sa, Zb.Sa and Zl.Sa) against Caco-2 cell lines inhibited the growth of Caco-2 by 53.16 (±3.31) %, 66.43 (± 3.24) and 45.96 (± 10.67) respectively with respect to Actinomycin-D (4 μM ) which showed the growth inhibition of 65.40(±4.29) %. Conclusion The current study clearly demonstrates that the extract and crude saponins from fruit, bark and leaves of traditional medicinal plant Zanthoxyllum armatum DC., has the potential to exert its cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines isolated form human by a mechanism involving apoptosis. The overall finding demonstrate that this plant specially fruits, could be potential source of new anticancer compounds for possible drug development against cancer.
Zhang Wei-ming - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Purification of Total Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. by NKA-9 Macroporous Resin
Food Research and Development, 2011Co-Authors: Zhang Wei-mingAbstract:The purification with macroporous resin of alkaloids from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.was studied.Acid-base titration was used to measure the assaying of Zanthoxylum alkaloids and the NKA-9 macroporous resin was used to purify total alkaloids.Thin layer chromatography(TLC) and ultraviolet-spectrophotometer assay were used to identify Zanthoxylum alkaloids.The results showed that 70 % and 90 % ethanol elution fractions were alkaloids,and 50 % ethanol elution fraction was flavonoids.
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Comparison of essential oil compositions of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxin and Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc.
China Condiment, 2010Co-Authors: Shi Xueping, Zhang Wei-mingAbstract:In this paper,essential oils were abstracted from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxin and Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc by hydrodistillation(HD) extraction.The yield of the essential oil were 6.8% 10% respectively.Their components and contents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared.The results showed that 78 components were separated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxin among which 31 compounds were identified which account for 86.31% of the total essential oil.60 components were separated from Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc among which 37 compounds were identified which account for 92.88% of the total essential oil.The main components of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxin were(+)-Limonene(22.75%);1,6-Octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl-(21.70%) and 1,3,7-Octatriene,3,7-dimethyl-(14.27%).Three main components of the Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc were 1,6-Octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl-(63.33%),D-Limonene)5.75% and 3-Cyclohexen-1-ol-4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl-),3.82%.The content of 1,6-Octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl-of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc was three times of the content of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxin.Among the essential oil of these two Zanthoxylum,the main components were alkene and alcohol.
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Study on the determination method of total flavonoids content in Zanthoxylum by spectrophotometry
Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2010Co-Authors: Zhang Wei-mingAbstract:The absorption characteristics of the rutin and Zanthoxylum extract in two chromogenic systems(Al(NO3)3-NaNO2 chromogenic system and AlCl3 chromogenic system)by UV-Vis scanning method. The results showed that the Al(NO3)3-NaNO2 chromogenic system was suitable to detect total flavonoids in Zanthoxylum. Linear equation of Al(NO3)3-NaNO2 was y=12.275x-0.0001(R2=0.9997),the recovery of standard addition was 98.86%.The concentration of the Zanthoxylum from different areas was detected using this method. This method was easy to operate,fast and accurate,and it was suitable to detect the total flavonoids in Zanthoxylum. It could also be used on quality control of the Zanthoxylum extract.
Jun Wen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phylogeny and biogeography of the pantropical genus Zanthoxylum and its closest relatives in the proto rutaceae group rutaceae
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Marc S Appelhans, Niklas Reichelt, Milton Groppo, Claudia Paetzold, Jun WenAbstract:Abstract Zanthoxylum L. (prickly ash) is the only genus in the Citrus L. family (Rutaceae) with a pantropical distribution. We present the first detailed phylogenetic and biogeographic study of the genus and its close relatives in the proto-Rutaceae group. Our phylogenetic analyses based on two plastid and two nuclear markers show that the genus Toddalia Juss. is nested within Zanthoxylum, that earlier generic and intrageneric classifications need revision, and that the homochlamydeous flowers of the temperate species of Zanthoxylum are the result of a reduction from heterochlamydeous flowers. The biogeographic analyses reveal a Eurasian origin of Zanthoxylum in the Paleocene or Eocene with successive intercontinental or long-range migrations. Zanthoxylum likely crossed the North Atlantic Land Bridges to colonize the Americas in the Eocene, and migrated back to the Old World probably via the Bering Land Bridge in the Oligocene or Miocene. Zanthoxylum also colonized several Pacific Islands and the Hawaiian clade shows phylogenetic incongruence between the plastid and nuclear datasets, suggesting hybridization. The Hawaiian species are one of the rare examples of endemic Hawaiian lineages that are older than the current main islands.
Yong-yan Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antifeedant activities of methanol extracts of four Zanthoxylum species and benzophenanthridines from stem bark of Zanthoxylum schinifolium against Tribolium castaneum
Industrial Crops and Products, 2015Co-Authors: Cheng-fang Wang, Zhufeng Geng, Shanshan Guo, Zhiwei Deng, Chun-xue You, Kai Yang, Li Fan, Yong-yan WangAbstract:Abstract Antifeedant activities of the methanol extracts from Zanthoxylum bungeanum , Zanthoxylum schinifolium , Zanthoxylum armatum and Zanthoxylum dissitum were assessed on Tribolium castaneum adults. It was found that the methanol extract of stem bark of Z. schinifolium had the highest antifeedant activity at 41.12% (antifeedant index). Based on bioactivity-guided fractionation, six benzophenanthridines norchelerythrine ( 1 ), decarine ( 2 ), 8-hydroxy-9-methoxy-2,3-(methylenedioxy) benzophenanthridine ( 3 ), 6-hydroxydihydrochelerythrine ( 4 ), 6-methoxy-7-hydroxydihydrochelerythrine ( 5 ) and oxychelerythrine ( 6 ) were isolated from the stem barks of Z. schinifolium . And their antifeeding activities were also evaluated against T. castaneum . All of them exhibited strong antifeeding activity in a concentration-dependant manner with EC 50 of 62.67, 66.97, 151.39, 96.72, 141.61 and 192.32 ppm, respectively. The six bioactive compounds from the stem bark of Z. schinifolium might be used as antifeedants against T. castaneum .
