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Mitchell J. Prinstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neurobiological susceptibility to Peer Influence in adolescence
The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Kathy T., Mitchell J. Prinstein, Eva H. TelzerAbstract:Peers have a profound impact on shaping adolescents’ attitudes and norms about the consequences of engaging in health risk behaviors. However, not all adolescents are equally susceptible to Peer Influence. Thus, a question that remains unanswered is whether there are potential biomarkers that index an individual’s level of susceptibility to Peer environments. The present review considers emerging evidence on the construct of Peer Influence susceptibility and proposes neurobiological biomarkers that might render some adolescents more susceptible to Peer Influence than others. Using a differential susceptibility framework, this chapter discusses how individual variation in Peer Influence susceptibility interacts with different types of Peer environments (e.g., risk-promoting versus risk-averse) to predict shifts in adolescent behavior. This perspective suggests that a heightened susceptibility to Peer Influence may not only increase maladaptive, antisocial behavior in negative Peer environments, but may also promote adaptive, prosocial behavior in positive Peer environments.
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Adolescent Susceptibility to Peer Influence in Sexual Situations
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Laura Widman, Sophia Choukas-bradley, Sarah W. Helms, Mitchell J. PrinsteinAbstract:Abstract Purpose One consistent predictor of adolescents' engagement in sexual risk behavior is their belief that Peers are engaging in similar behavior; however, not all youth are equally susceptible to these Peer Influence effects. Understanding individual differences in susceptibility to Peer Influence is critical to identifying adolescents at risk for negative health outcomes. The purpose of this project was to identify predictors of susceptibility to Peer Influence using a novel performance-based measure of sexual risk taking. Methods Participants were 300 early adolescents ( M age = 12.6 years; 53% female; 44% Caucasian) who completed (1) a pretest assessment of demographics, sexual attitudes, and hypothetical scenarios measuring the likelihood of engaging in sexual risk behavior and (2) a subsequent experimental procedure that simulated an Internet chat room in which youth believed that they were communicating with Peers regarding these same hypothetical scenarios. In reality, these "Peers" were computer-programmed e-confederates. Changes in responses to the sexual scenarios in the private pretest versus during the public chat room provided a performance-based measure of Peer Influence susceptibility. Results In total, 78% of youth provided more risky responses in the chat room than those in pretest. The most robust predictor of this change was gender, with boys significantly more susceptible to Peer Influence than girls. Significant interactions also were noted, with greater susceptibility among boys with later pubertal development and African-American boys. Conclusions Results confirm that not all youth are equally susceptible to Peer Influence. Consistent with sexual script theory, boys evidence greater susceptibility to social pressure regarding sexual behavior than girls.
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Peer Influence, Peer Status, and Prosocial Behavior: An Experimental Investigation of Peer Socialization of Adolescents’ Intentions to Volunteer
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2015Co-Authors: Sophia Choukas-bradley, Matteo Giletta, Geoffrey L Cohen, Mitchell J. PrinsteinAbstract:Peer Influence processes have been documented extensively for a wide range of maladaptive adolescent behaviors. However, Peer socialization is not inherently deleterious, and little is known about whether adolescents Influence each other’s prosocial behaviors, or whether some Peers are more influential than others towards positive youth outcomes. This study addressed these questions using an experimental “chat room” paradigm to examine in vivo Peer Influence of prosocial behavior endorsement. A school-based sample of 304 early adolescents (55 % female, 45 % male; M _age = 12.68) believed they were interacting electronically with same-gender grademates (i.e., “e-confederates”), whose Peer status was experimentally manipulated. The participants’ intent to engage in prosocial behaviors was measured pre-experiment and in subsequent “public” and “private” experimental sessions. Overall, the adolescents conformed to the e-confederates’ prosocial responses in public; yet, these Peer Influence effects were moderated by the Peer status of the e-confederates, such that youth more strongly conformed to the high-status e-confederates than to the low-status ones. There also was some evidence that these Peer Influence effects were maintained in the private session, indicating potential internalization of prosocial Peer norms. These findings help bridge the positive youth development and Peer Influence literatures, with potential implications for campaigns to increase prosocial behaviors.
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experimentally measured susceptibility to Peer Influence and adolescent sexual behavior trajectories a preliminary study
Developmental Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Sophia Choukasbradley, Laura Widman, Matteo Giletta, Geoffrey L Cohen, Mitchell J. PrinsteinAbstract:A performance-based measure of Peer Influence susceptibility was examined as a moderator of the longitudinal association between Peer norms and trajectories of adolescents' number of sexual intercourse partners. Seventy-one 9th grade adolescents (52% female) participated in an experimental "chat room" paradigm involving "e-confederates" who endorsed sexual risk behaviors. Changes in participants' responses to risk scenarios before versus during the "chat room" were used as a performance-based measure of Peer Influence susceptibility. Participants reported their perceptions of popular Peers' number of sexual intercourse partners at baseline and self-reported their number of sexual intercourse partners at baseline and 6, 12, and 18 months later. Susceptibility was examined as a moderator of the longitudinal association between perceptions of popular Peers' number of sexual intercourse partners and trajectories of adolescents' own numbers of partners. High perceptions of the number of popular Peers' sexual intercourse partners combined with high Peer Influence susceptibility predicted steeper longitudinal trajectories of adolescents' number of partners. Results provide novel preliminary evidence regarding the importance of Peer Influence susceptibility in adolescents' development of sexual behaviors.
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Beyond Homophily: A Decade of Advances in Understanding Peer Influence Processes
Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence, 2011Co-Authors: Whitney A. Brechwald, Mitchell J. PrinsteinAbstract:This article reviews empirical and theoretical contributions to a multidisciplinary understanding of Peer Influence processes in adolescence over the past decade. Five themes of Peer Influence research from this decade were identified, including a broadening of the range of behaviors for which Peer Influence occurs, distinguishing the sources of Influence, probing the conditions under which Influence is amplified/attenuated (moderators), testing theoretically based models of Peer Influence processes (mechanisms), and preliminary exploration of behavioral neuroscience perspectives on Peer Influence. This review highlights advances in each of these areas, underscores gaps in current knowledge of Peer Influence processes, and outlines important challenges for future research.
Carlos E. Santos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Peer Influence on ethnic racial identity development a multi site investigation
Child Development, 2017Co-Authors: Carlos E. Santos, Olga Kornienko, Deborah RivasdrakeAbstract:The Peer context features prominently in theory, and increasingly in empirical research, about ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development, but no studies have assessed Peer Influence on ERI using methods designed to properly assess Peer Influence. We examined Peer Influence on ERI centrality, private, and public regard using longitudinal social network analysis. Data were drawn from two sites: a predominantly Latina/o Southwestern (SW) school (N = 1034; Mage = 12.10) and a diverse Midwestern (MW) school (N = 513; Mage = 11.99). Findings showed that Peers Influenced each other's public regard over time at both sites. However, Peer Influence on centrality was evident in the SW site, whereas Peer Influence on private regard was evident in the MW site. Importantly, Peer Influence was evident after controlling for selection effects. Our integration of developmental, contextual, and social network perspectives offers a fruitful approach to explicate how ERI content may shift in early adolescence as a function of Peer Influence.
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Peer Influence on Ethnic‐Racial Identity Development: A Multi‐Site Investigation
Child development, 2017Co-Authors: Carlos E. Santos, Olga Kornienko, Deborah Rivas-drakeAbstract:The Peer context features prominently in theory, and increasingly in empirical research, about ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development, but no studies have assessed Peer Influence on ERI using methods designed to properly assess Peer Influence. We examined Peer Influence on ERI centrality, private, and public regard using longitudinal social network analysis. Data were drawn from two sites: a predominantly Latina/o Southwestern (SW) school (N = 1034; Mage = 12.10) and a diverse Midwestern (MW) school (N = 513; Mage = 11.99). Findings showed that Peers Influenced each other's public regard over time at both sites. However, Peer Influence on centrality was evident in the SW site, whereas Peer Influence on private regard was evident in the MW site. Importantly, Peer Influence was evident after controlling for selection effects. Our integration of developmental, contextual, and social network perspectives offers a fruitful approach to explicate how ERI content may shift in early adolescence as a function of Peer Influence.
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Peer Influence on gender identity development in adolescence.
Developmental psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Olga Kornienko, Carlos E. Santos, Carol Lynn Martin, Kristen L. GrangerAbstract:During adolescence, gender identity (GI) develops through a dialectic process of personal reflection and with input from the social environment. Peers play an important role in the socialization of gendered behavior, but no studies to-date have assessed Peer Influences on GI. Thus, the goal of the present study was to examine Peer Influences on four aspects of adolescents' GI in racially and ethnically diverse 7th- and 8th-grade students (N = 670; 49.5% boys, M age = 12.64) using a longitudinal social network modeling approach. We hypothesized stronger Peer Influence effects on between-gender dimensions of GI (intergroup bias and felt pressure for gender conformity) than on within-gender dimensions of GI (typicality and contentedness). Consistent with expectations, we found significant Peer Influence on between-gender components of GI-intergroup bias among 7th and 8th graders as well as felt pressure for gender conformity among 8th graders. In contrast, within-gender components of GI showed no evidence of Peer Influence. Importantly, these Peer socialization effects were evident even when controlling for tendencies to select friends who were similar on gender, gender typicality, and contentedness (8th graders only). Employing longitudinal social network analyses provides insights into and clarity about the roles of Peers in gender development. (PsycINFO Database Record
Olga Kornienko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Peer Influence on ethnic racial identity development a multi site investigation
Child Development, 2017Co-Authors: Carlos E. Santos, Olga Kornienko, Deborah RivasdrakeAbstract:The Peer context features prominently in theory, and increasingly in empirical research, about ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development, but no studies have assessed Peer Influence on ERI using methods designed to properly assess Peer Influence. We examined Peer Influence on ERI centrality, private, and public regard using longitudinal social network analysis. Data were drawn from two sites: a predominantly Latina/o Southwestern (SW) school (N = 1034; Mage = 12.10) and a diverse Midwestern (MW) school (N = 513; Mage = 11.99). Findings showed that Peers Influenced each other's public regard over time at both sites. However, Peer Influence on centrality was evident in the SW site, whereas Peer Influence on private regard was evident in the MW site. Importantly, Peer Influence was evident after controlling for selection effects. Our integration of developmental, contextual, and social network perspectives offers a fruitful approach to explicate how ERI content may shift in early adolescence as a function of Peer Influence.
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Peer Influence on Ethnic‐Racial Identity Development: A Multi‐Site Investigation
Child development, 2017Co-Authors: Carlos E. Santos, Olga Kornienko, Deborah Rivas-drakeAbstract:The Peer context features prominently in theory, and increasingly in empirical research, about ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development, but no studies have assessed Peer Influence on ERI using methods designed to properly assess Peer Influence. We examined Peer Influence on ERI centrality, private, and public regard using longitudinal social network analysis. Data were drawn from two sites: a predominantly Latina/o Southwestern (SW) school (N = 1034; Mage = 12.10) and a diverse Midwestern (MW) school (N = 513; Mage = 11.99). Findings showed that Peers Influenced each other's public regard over time at both sites. However, Peer Influence on centrality was evident in the SW site, whereas Peer Influence on private regard was evident in the MW site. Importantly, Peer Influence was evident after controlling for selection effects. Our integration of developmental, contextual, and social network perspectives offers a fruitful approach to explicate how ERI content may shift in early adolescence as a function of Peer Influence.
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Peer Influence on gender identity development in adolescence.
Developmental psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Olga Kornienko, Carlos E. Santos, Carol Lynn Martin, Kristen L. GrangerAbstract:During adolescence, gender identity (GI) develops through a dialectic process of personal reflection and with input from the social environment. Peers play an important role in the socialization of gendered behavior, but no studies to-date have assessed Peer Influences on GI. Thus, the goal of the present study was to examine Peer Influences on four aspects of adolescents' GI in racially and ethnically diverse 7th- and 8th-grade students (N = 670; 49.5% boys, M age = 12.64) using a longitudinal social network modeling approach. We hypothesized stronger Peer Influence effects on between-gender dimensions of GI (intergroup bias and felt pressure for gender conformity) than on within-gender dimensions of GI (typicality and contentedness). Consistent with expectations, we found significant Peer Influence on between-gender components of GI-intergroup bias among 7th and 8th graders as well as felt pressure for gender conformity among 8th graders. In contrast, within-gender components of GI showed no evidence of Peer Influence. Importantly, these Peer socialization effects were evident even when controlling for tendencies to select friends who were similar on gender, gender typicality, and contentedness (8th graders only). Employing longitudinal social network analyses provides insights into and clarity about the roles of Peers in gender development. (PsycINFO Database Record
Klaus G Grunert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Peer Influence on Adolescent Snacking
Journal of Social Marketing, 2013Co-Authors: Maria Kümpel Nørgaard, Kathrine Hansen, Klaus G GrunertAbstract:Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore Peer Influence and the social and symbolic meaning that adolescents (10 to 16 years) attach to snacks; to investigate the relative Influence of Peer Influence compared to personal factors in explaining perceived importance of snack attributes; and to investigate age and gender differences in the Peer Influence process.Design/methodology/approach – A web-based survey distributed via e-mail was combined with follow-up focus groups including adolescents aged 10 to 16 years in Denmark.Findings – The survey results show that the youngest adolescents and the girls perceived the highest Influence from Peers, and that Peer social Influence has more effect on what adolescents perceive as important snack attributes as compared to more personal factors. The focus group results show that adolescents purchase and consume snacks that support their self-image when socializing with other Peers.Research limitations/implications – Future research should measure other aspects of Peer Influence and related social aspects regarding consumption settings.Practical implications – The results in this paper may be useful to marketers developing social marketing campaigns aiming at reducing bullying among adolescents or promoting healthy snacking.Social implications – Moreover, the results may help generate societal emphasis on the importance of social and self-image aspects in consumption settings when it comes to adolescent snacking behaviour, healthy food choices and social development.Originality/value – The originality lies in the emphasis on social and self-image aspects.
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Peer Influence on Adolescent Snacking
Journal of Social Marketing, 2013Co-Authors: Maria Kümpel Nørgaard, Kathrine Hansen, Klaus G GrunertAbstract:– The purpose of this paper is to explore Peer Influence and the social and symbolic meaning that adolescents (10 to 16 years) attach to snacks; to investigate the relative Influence of Peer Influence compared to personal factors in explaining perceived importance of snack attributes; and to investigate age and gender differences in the Peer Influence process., – A web‐based survey distributed via e‐mail was combined with follow‐up focus groups including adolescents aged 10 to 16 years in Denmark., – The survey results show that the youngest adolescents and the girls perceived the highest Influence from Peers, and that Peer social Influence has more effect on what adolescents perceive as important snack attributes as compared to more personal factors. The focus group results show that adolescents purchase and consume snacks that support their self‐image when socializing with other Peers., – Future research should measure other aspects of Peer Influence and related social aspects regarding consumption settings., – The results in this paper may be useful to marketers developing social marketing campaigns aiming at reducing bullying among adolescents or promoting healthy snacking., – Moreover, the results may help generate societal emphasis on the importance of social and self‐image aspects in consumption settings when it comes to adolescent snacking behaviour, healthy food choices and social development., – The originality lies in the emphasis on social and self‐image aspects.
Katariina Salmelaaro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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friends academic achievement and school engagement during adolescence a social network approach to Peer Influence and selection effects
Learning and Instruction, 2018Co-Authors: Mingte Wang, Noona Kiuru, Jessica L Degol, Katariina SalmelaaroAbstract:Abstract Peers become increasingly important socializing agents for academic behaviors and attitudes during adolescence. This study investigated Peer Influence and selection effects on adolescents' emotional (i.e., flow in schoolwork, school burnout, school value), cognitive (i.e., school effort), and behavioral (i.e., truancy) engagement in school. A social network approach was used to examine students of post-comprehensive education in Finland (N = 1419; mean age = 16). Students were asked to nominate Peers to generate Peer networks and to describe their own school engagement at two time points (one year apart). Network analyses revealed that the degree to which Peer Influence and selection effects occurred varied by dimension of school engagement. Over time, Peers Influenced students' emotional, cognitive, and behavioral engagement. Similarity in behavioral engagement, but not in emotional and cognitive engagement, increased the likelihood of forming new Peer relationships. Additionally, some of the Peer Influence and selection effects on school engagement were moderated by student academic achievement.