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Michael F Scheier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimism versus Pessimism as predictors of physical health a comprehensive reanalysis of dispositional optimism research
American Psychologist, 2020Co-Authors: Michael F Scheier, Joshua Swanson, Meaghan A Barlow, Joel B Greenhouse, Carsten Wrosch, Hilary A TindleAbstract:Prior research has related dispositional optimism to physical health. Traditionally, dispositional optimism is treated as a bipolar construct, anchored at one end by optimism and the other by Pessimism. Optimism and Pessimism, however, may not be diametrically opposed, but rather may reflect 2 independent, but related dimensions. This article reports a reanalysis of data from previously published studies on dispositional optimism. The reanalysis was designed to evaluate whether the presence of optimism or the absence of Pessimism predicted positive physical health more strongly. Relevant literatures were screened for studies relating dispositional optimism to physical health. Authors of relevant studies were asked to join a consortium, the purpose of which was to reanalyze previously published data sets separating optimism and Pessimism into distinguishable components. Ultimately, data were received from 61 separate samples (N = 221,133). Meta-analytic analysis of data in which optimism and Pessimism were combined into an overall index (the typical procedure) revealed a significant positive association with an aggregated measure of physical health outcomes (r = .026, p < .001), as did meta-analytic analyses with the absence of Pessimism (r = .029, p < .001) and the presence of optimism (r = .011, p < .018) separately. The effect size for Pessimism was significantly larger than the effect size for optimism (Z = -2.403, p < .02). Thus, the absence of Pessimism was more strongly related to positive health outcomes than was the presence of optimism. Implications of the findings for future research and clinical interventions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Optimism versus Pessimism as predictors of physical health: A comprehensive reanalysis of dispositional optimism research. American Psychologist.(2020, DOI: 10.1037/amp0000666).
2020Co-Authors: Michael F Scheier, Joshua Swanson, Joel B Greenhouse, Carsten Wrosch, Meaghan Barlow, Hilary A TindleAbstract:Prior research has related dispositional optimism to physical health. Traditionally, dispositional optimism is treated as a bipolar construct, anchored at one end by optimism and the other by Pessimism. Optimism and Pessimism, however, may not be diametrically opposed, but rather may reflect two independent, but related dimensions. This paper reports a reanalysis of data from previously published studies on dispositional optimism. The reanalysis was designed to evaluate whether the presence of optimism or the absence of Pessimism predicted positive physical health more strongly. Relevant literatures were screened for studies relating dispositional optimism to physical health. Authors of relevant studies were asked to join a consortium, the purpose of which was to re-analyze previously published data sets separating optimism and Pessimism into distinguishable components. Ultimately, data were received from 61 separate samples (N = 221,133). Meta-analytic analysis of data in which optimism and Pessimism were combined into an overall index (the typical procedure) revealed a significant positive association with an aggregated measure of physical health outcomes (r = .026, pr = .029, p r= .011, p Z = -2.403, p < .02). Thus, the absence of Pessimism was more strongly related to positive health outcomes than was the presence of optimism. Implications of the findings for future research and clinical interventions are discussed.
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Socioeconomic status in childhood and adulthood: associations with dispositional optimism and Pessimism over a 21-year follow-up.
Journal of Personality, 2006Co-Authors: Kati Heinonen, Michael F Scheier, Katri Räikkönen, Karen A. Matthews, Olli T. Raitakari, Laura Pulkki, Liisa Keltikangas-järvinenAbstract:We examined whether dispositional optimism and Pessimism (overall LOT-R and optimism and Pessimism component scores) of 694 adults aged 24 and 27 were associated with socioeconomic status (SES) measured concurrently and in childhood at ages 3 and 6. SES measures included education, occupational status and unemployment, and income. Concurrent adulthood SES was associated with the overall LOT-R and optimism and the Pessimism component scores. Childhood family SES predicted overall LOT-R and Pessimism component scores, even after controlling statistically for the adulthood SES. Social mobility between SES of family of origin and current SES also influenced the scores. The current findings suggest that the foundation of dispositional optimism and Pessimism is related to early SES of the family.
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The Role of Optimism Versus Pessimism in the Experience of the Self
The Self in European and North American Culture: Development and Processes, 1995Co-Authors: Charles S Carver, Michael F ScheierAbstract:For nearly a decade we’ve been studying the personality dimension of optimism vs Pessimism (Scheier & Carver, 1985, 1992). Our contribution to the topic of this volume (the organization and functions of the self) is the argument that the personality disposition of optimism versus Pessimism has an indelible impact on how the person—how the self—experiences reality. We believe the world is quite literally a different place for an optimist than it is for a pessimist, because of differences in the way these two kinds of people experience the world. These differences in experience depend, in turn, on differences in what these two kinds of people bring to the world.
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Optimism, Pessimism and mental health: A twin/adoption analysis
Personality and Individual Differences, 1992Co-Authors: Robert Plomin, Michael F Scheier, C. S. Bergeman, Nancy L. Pedersen, John R. Nesselroade, Gerald E. McclearnAbstract:Abstract Although recent research suggests links between optimism and mental health, little is known about the genetic and environmental origins of these links or of optimism itself. The Life Orientation Test of optimism and Pessimism and various measures of self-reported mental health (depression, life satisfaction, paranoid hostility, and cynicism) were administered to over 500 same-sex pairs of middle-aged identical and fraternal twins, half of whom were reared together and half adopted apart early in life. Twin/adoption analyses yield significant heritability estimates of about 25% for both optimism and Pessimism; shared rearing environmental influence was also significant for optimism but not for Pessimism. Both optimism and Pessimism contributed independently to the prediction of depression and life satisfaction; Pessimism but not optimism predicted paranoid hostility and cynicism. These associations diminished little when neuroticism was controlled. Multivariate genetic analyses of the multiple correlations for the mental health variables suggest that genetic factors contribute appreciably to associations between optimism/Pessimism and mental health.
Hilary A Tindle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimism versus Pessimism as predictors of physical health a comprehensive reanalysis of dispositional optimism research
American Psychologist, 2020Co-Authors: Michael F Scheier, Joshua Swanson, Meaghan A Barlow, Joel B Greenhouse, Carsten Wrosch, Hilary A TindleAbstract:Prior research has related dispositional optimism to physical health. Traditionally, dispositional optimism is treated as a bipolar construct, anchored at one end by optimism and the other by Pessimism. Optimism and Pessimism, however, may not be diametrically opposed, but rather may reflect 2 independent, but related dimensions. This article reports a reanalysis of data from previously published studies on dispositional optimism. The reanalysis was designed to evaluate whether the presence of optimism or the absence of Pessimism predicted positive physical health more strongly. Relevant literatures were screened for studies relating dispositional optimism to physical health. Authors of relevant studies were asked to join a consortium, the purpose of which was to reanalyze previously published data sets separating optimism and Pessimism into distinguishable components. Ultimately, data were received from 61 separate samples (N = 221,133). Meta-analytic analysis of data in which optimism and Pessimism were combined into an overall index (the typical procedure) revealed a significant positive association with an aggregated measure of physical health outcomes (r = .026, p < .001), as did meta-analytic analyses with the absence of Pessimism (r = .029, p < .001) and the presence of optimism (r = .011, p < .018) separately. The effect size for Pessimism was significantly larger than the effect size for optimism (Z = -2.403, p < .02). Thus, the absence of Pessimism was more strongly related to positive health outcomes than was the presence of optimism. Implications of the findings for future research and clinical interventions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Optimism versus Pessimism as predictors of physical health: A comprehensive reanalysis of dispositional optimism research. American Psychologist.(2020, DOI: 10.1037/amp0000666).
2020Co-Authors: Michael F Scheier, Joshua Swanson, Joel B Greenhouse, Carsten Wrosch, Meaghan Barlow, Hilary A TindleAbstract:Prior research has related dispositional optimism to physical health. Traditionally, dispositional optimism is treated as a bipolar construct, anchored at one end by optimism and the other by Pessimism. Optimism and Pessimism, however, may not be diametrically opposed, but rather may reflect two independent, but related dimensions. This paper reports a reanalysis of data from previously published studies on dispositional optimism. The reanalysis was designed to evaluate whether the presence of optimism or the absence of Pessimism predicted positive physical health more strongly. Relevant literatures were screened for studies relating dispositional optimism to physical health. Authors of relevant studies were asked to join a consortium, the purpose of which was to re-analyze previously published data sets separating optimism and Pessimism into distinguishable components. Ultimately, data were received from 61 separate samples (N = 221,133). Meta-analytic analysis of data in which optimism and Pessimism were combined into an overall index (the typical procedure) revealed a significant positive association with an aggregated measure of physical health outcomes (r = .026, pr = .029, p r= .011, p Z = -2.403, p < .02). Thus, the absence of Pessimism was more strongly related to positive health outcomes than was the presence of optimism. Implications of the findings for future research and clinical interventions are discussed.
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optimism Pessimism cynical hostility and biomarkers of metabolic function in the women s health initiative
Journal of Diabetes, 2018Co-Authors: Hilary A Tindle, Meredith S Duncan, Simin Liu, Lewis H Kuller, Nancy Fugate Woods, Steve Rapp, Candyce H Kroenke, Mace Coday, Eric B Loucks, Michael J LamonteAbstract:Background Psychological attitudes reflecting expectations about the future (optimism, Pessimism) and people (cynical hostility) independently predict incident cardiovascular disease and possibly diabetes, but underlying biologic pathways are incompletely understood. We examined the cross-sectional relationship between optimism, Pessimism, and cynicism and biomarkers of metabolic function in the Women's Health Initiative. Methods Among 3443 postmenopausal women, biomarkers of metabolic function (fasting insulin and glucose) were measured at baseline and used to calculate insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and pancreatic beta cell activity (HOMA-B). Psychological attitudes were assessed by the Life Orientation Test, Revised (LOT-R, full scale and optimism and Pessimism subscales) and the Cook-Medley cynicism subscale. Multivariable linear regression modeled the association of psychological attitudes with biomarker levels, adjusting for sociodemographics, health conditions, and health behaviors. Because obesity promotes insulin resistance, and obese individuals tend to report higher levels of Pessimism and cynical hostility, we explored an interaction with BMI. Results In fully-adjusted models, only Pessimism remained independently associated with higher fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Scoring one point higher on the Pessimism subscale was associated with a 1.2% higher fasting insulin level, while scoring one-standard deviation higher was associated with a 2.7% higher fasting insulin level (p = 0.03); (results similar for HOMA-IR). An interaction term with BMI was not significant. Conclusions In multivariable models, higher dispositional Pessimism was associated with worse metabolic function, and these findings were not modified by obesity status. Results extend prior work by linking Pessimism to an objective biomarker of insulin resistance in elderly women. HIGHLIGHTS In postmenopausal women, higher levels of Pessimism were related to worse metabolic function. For each additional point on the Pessimism scale, a woman's fasting insulin level was 1.2% higher, holding other health-related factors constant, while scoring one standard deviation higher was associated with almost 3% higher insulin levels. Future research should address whether interventions to modify pessimistic attitudes could potentially reduce a woman's risk of diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease.
Igor Keller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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TAU 2014 Contest on Removing Common Path Pessimism during Timing Analysis
2015Co-Authors: Debjit Sinha, Igor KellerAbstract:To margin against modeling limitations in considering design and electrical complexities (e.g., crosstalk coupling, voltage drops) as well as variability (e.g., manufacturing process, en-vironmental), “early ” and“late ” signal propagation delays in static timing analysis are often made pessimistic by addition of extra guard bands. While these forced “early-late splits” provide desired margins, the splits applied across the entire design introduce excessive and undesired Pessimism. To this end, “common path Pessimism removal (CPPR) ” eliminates the redundant Pessimism during timing analysis. The aim of the TAU 2014 timing contest is to seek novel ideas for fast CPPR by: (i) introducing the concept and importance of common path Pessimism removal while high-lighting the exponential run-time complexity of an optimal solution, (ii) encouraging novel parallelization techniques (including multi-threading), and (iii) facilitating the cre-ation of a timing analysis and CPPR framework with bench-marks to further advance research in this area
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tau 2014 contest on removing common path Pessimism during timing analysis
International Conference on Computer Aided Design, 2014Co-Authors: Debjit Sinha, Igor KellerAbstract:To protect against modeling limitations in considering design and electrical complexities, as well as variability, early and late signal propagation times in static timing analysis are often made pessimistic by addition of extra guard bands. However, these forced early-late splits introduce excessive and undesired Pessimism. To this end, common path Pessimism removal (CPPR) eliminates guaranteed redundant Pessimism during timing analysis. This session aims to highlight the importance of CPPR during timing analysis, as well as explore novel methods for fast CPPR from the top performers of the TAU 2014 timing contest.
Charles S Carver - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dispositional Pessimism predicts illness related disruption of social and recreational activities among breast cancer patients
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003Co-Authors: Charles S Carver, Jessica M Lehman, Michael H AntoniAbstract:The authors tested whether dispositional Pessimism would predict withdrawal from social activities among women treated for breast cancer. In a cross-sectional sample 3-12 months postsurgery, disruption of social and recreational activities (measured by the Sickness Impact Profile) correlated with concurrently assessed Pessimism. This association appeared mediated by emotional distress and fatigue. A longitudinal sample was studied shortly postsurgery and over the next year. Initial Pessimism predicted disruption of social activities concurrently and prospectively (3, 6, and 12 months later) but predicted change in disruption from one time to the next only at final follow-up. These associations appeared partially mediated by distress. The authors conclude that Pessimism places patients at risk for adverse outcomes in several respects rather than solely with regard to emotional distress.
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The Role of Optimism Versus Pessimism in the Experience of the Self
The Self in European and North American Culture: Development and Processes, 1995Co-Authors: Charles S Carver, Michael F ScheierAbstract:For nearly a decade we’ve been studying the personality dimension of optimism vs Pessimism (Scheier & Carver, 1985, 1992). Our contribution to the topic of this volume (the organization and functions of the self) is the argument that the personality disposition of optimism versus Pessimism has an indelible impact on how the person—how the self—experiences reality. We believe the world is quite literally a different place for an optimist than it is for a pessimist, because of differences in the way these two kinds of people experience the world. These differences in experience depend, in turn, on differences in what these two kinds of people bring to the world.
Mika Kivimäki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Low Pessimism protects against stroke: the Health and Social Support (HeSSup) prospective cohort study.
Stroke, 2010Co-Authors: Hermann Nabi, Markku Koskenvuo, Archana Singh-manoux, Jyrki Korkeila, Sakari Suominen, Katariina Korkeila, Jussi Vahtera, Mika KivimäkiAbstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The association between optimism and Pessimism and health outcomes has attracted increasing research interest. To date, the association between these psychological variables and risk of stroke remains unclear. We examined the relationship between Pessimism and the 7-year incidence of stroke. METHODS: A random sample of 23 216 adults (9480 men, 13 796 women) aged 20 to 54 years completed the Pessimism scale in 1998, that is, at study baseline. Fatal and first nonfatal stroke events during a mean follow-up of 7.0 years were documented by linkage to the national hospital discharge and mortality registers leading to 105 events. RESULTS: Unadjusted hazard ratio was 0.44 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.77) for participants in the lowest quartile (a low Pessimism level) when compared with those in the highest quartile (a high Pessimism level). After serial adjustments for sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular biobehavioral risk factors, depression, general feeling of stressfulness, and ischemic heart disease, the fully adjusted hazard ratio was 0.52 (95% CI, 0.29 to 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: In this population of adult men and women, low level of Pessimism had a robust association with reduced incidence of stroke.
