The Experts below are selected from a list of 7461 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thomas Van Leeuwen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Does host plant adaptation lead to Pesticide Resistance in generalist herbivores
Current opinion in insect science, 2018Co-Authors: Wannes Dermauw, Chris Bass, Thomas Van Leeuwen, Adam Pym, Rene FeyereisenAbstract:Most herbivorous arthropods feed on one or a few closely related plant species; however, certain insect and mite species have a greatly expanded host range. Several of these generalists also show a remarkable propensity to evolve Resistance to chemical Pesticides. In this review, we ask if the evolution of mechanisms to tolerate the diversity of plant secondary metabolites that generalist herbivores encounter, has pre-adapted them to resist synthetic Pesticides. Critical examination of the evidence suggests that a generalist life-style per se is not a predictor of rapid Resistance evolution to Pesticides. Rather the prevalence of Pesticide Resistance in generalist herbivores probably reflects their economic importance as pests and thus the strong selection imposed by intensive Pesticide use.
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a link between host plant adaptation and Pesticide Resistance in the polyphagous spider mite tetranychus urticae
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013Co-Authors: Wannes Dermauw, Nicky Wybouw, Stephane Rombauts, Bjorn Menten, John Vontas, Miodrag Grbic, Richard M Clark, Rene Feyereisen, Thomas Van LeeuwenAbstract:Plants produce a wide range of allelochemicals to defend against herbivore attack, and generalist herbivores have evolved mechanisms to avoid, sequester, or detoxify a broad spectrum of natural defense compounds. Successful arthropod pests have also developed Resistance to diverse classes of Pesticides and this adaptation is of critical importance to agriculture. To test whether mechanisms to overcome plant defenses predispose the development of Pesticide Resistance, we examined adaptation of the generalist two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, to host plant transfer and Pesticides. T. urticae is an extreme polyphagous pest with more than 1,100 documented hosts and has an extraordinary ability to develop Pesticide Resistance. When mites from a Pesticide-susceptible strain propagated on bean were adapted to a challenging host (tomato), transcriptional responses increased over time with ∼7.5% of genes differentially expressed after five generations. Whereas many genes with altered expression belonged to known detoxification families (like P450 monooxygenases), new gene families not previously associated with detoxification in other herbivores showed a striking response, including ring-splitting dioxygenase genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Strikingly, transcriptional profiles of tomato-adapted mites resembled those of multiPesticide-resistant strains, and adaptation to tomato decreased the susceptibility to unrelated Pesticide classes. Our findings suggest key roles for both an expanded environmental response gene repertoire and transcriptional regulation in the life history of generalist herbivores. They also support a model whereby selection for the ability to mount a broad response to the diverse defense chemistry of plants predisposes the evolution of Pesticide Resistance in generalists.
Shaoli Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Status of Pesticide Resistance and associated mutations in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, in China.
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 2018Co-Authors: Youjun Zhang, Wen Xie, Shaoli WangAbstract:The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a serious agricultural pest that has developed Resistance to many Pesticides. A leaf dip assay was used to assess the Resistance of seven field populations of T. urticae to 11 Pesticides in China. The mutation frequencies of target genes related to Pesticide Resistance were also determined. The results showed that all seven field populations had high or extremely high Resistance to abamectin and had low or moderate Resistance to newly developed Pesticides including bifenazate, cyenopyrafen, chlorfenapyr, B-azolemiteacrylic, and spinetoram. The RF values for the traditional acaricides bifenthrin, pyridaben, and profenofos were low for all seven populations. For target sites related to abamectin Resistance, the frequency of the mutations ranged from 28.33 to 63.64% for G314D in the glutamate-gated chloride channel gene 1 (GluCl1), and from 0 to 95% for G326E in the glutamate-gated chloride channel gene 3 (GluCl3). For target sites related to organophosphate Resistance, the frequency of mutations ranged from 33.33 to 56.67% for G119S and from 5.00 to 43.33% for A201S in the acetycholinesterase gene (Ace). For target sites related to pyrethroid Resistance, the frequency of the mutations ranged from 76.67 to 98.33% for A1215D and from 3.33 to 100% for F1538I in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (VGSC). No mutations were detected in the bifenazate Resistance-related cytochrome b gene (Cytb). These results will be useful for managing T. urticae Resistance to Pesticides in China.
Wei Shujun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chromosome-level assembly of the melon thrips genome yields insights into evolution of a sap-sucking lifestyle and Pesticide Resistance.
Molecular ecology resources, 2020Co-Authors: Shao-kun Guo, Gong Yajun, Chen Jincui, Pan Shi, Li-jun Cao, Ary A. Hoffmann, Wei Song, Yong-fu Gao, Wei ShujunAbstract:Thrips are tiny insects from the order Thysanoptera (Hexapoda: Condylognatha), including many sap-sucking pests that are causing increasing damage to crops worldwide. In contrast to their closest relatives of Hemiptera (Hexapoda: Condylognatha), including numerous sap-sucking species, there are few genomic resources available for thrips. In this study, we assembled the first thrips genome at the chromosomal level from the melon thrips, Thrips palmi, a notorious pest in agriculture, using PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read sequences. The assembled genome was 270.43 Mb in size, with 4,120 contigs and a contig N50 of 426 kb. All contigs were assembled into 16 linkage groups assisted by the Hi-C technique. In total, 16,333 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 88.13% were functionally annotated. Among sap-sucking insects, polyphagous species (e.g., T. palmi and Bemisia tabaci) usually possess more detoxification genes than oligophagous species (e.g., Diaphorina citri). The polyphagous thrips genomes characterized so far have relatively more detoxification genes in the GST and CCE families than polyphagous aphids, but they have fewer UGTs. HSP genes, especially from the Hsp70s group, have expanded in thrips compared to other hemipterans. These differences point to different genetic mechanisms associated with detoxification and stress responses in these two groups of sap-sucking insects. The expansion of these gene families may contribute to the rapid development of Pesticide Resistance in thrips, as supported by a transcriptome comparison of resistant and sensitive populations of T. palmi. The high-quality genome developed here provides an invaluable resource for understanding the ecology, genetics, and evolution of thrips as well as their relatives more generally.
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Increased density of endosymbiotic Buchnera related to Pesticide Resistance in yellow morph of melon aphid
Journal of Pest Science, 2020Co-Authors: Shao-kun Guo, Gong Yajun, Chen Jincui, Pan Shi, Li-jun Cao, Qiong Yang, Ary A. Hoffmann, Wei ShujunAbstract:Many invertebrates develop into different color morphs in response to changes in environmental conditions. Color morphs can differ in their biology and stress tolerance including Pesticide Resistance, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we found that yellow morphs (predominant in hot summer conditions) of an agricultural pest, the melon aphid Aphis gossypii, have higher levels of Resistance to the commonly used Pesticides imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor compared to the green morphs (predominant in cooler spring and autumn conditions), while no difference was found in morph Resistance to the antibiotic/Pesticide avermectin. Transcriptome analysis and biochemical assays of enzyme activities revealed no differences in metabolic processes between the two color morphs except for differentially expressed genes related to wing development. Microbiome analysis revealed that the endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola is the dominant bacterium in both morphs, representing 86.76–99.88% of the microbiome. The yellow morph had a higher density of Buchnera compared to the green morph. When yellow morphs were treated with avermectin and antibiotics, the density of Buchnera was reduced to levels similar to the green morph, and their susceptibility to imidacloprid was simultaneously increased. These results indicate an association between Resistance in the yellow morph of A. gossypii and symbiotic bacteria, providing novel insights into Pesticide Resistance mechanisms and the plasticity of stress adaptation.
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Independently evolved and gene flow-accelerated Pesticide Resistance in two-spotted spider mites.
Ecology and evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Pan Shi, Gong Yajun, Chen Jincui, Li-jun Cao, Ary A. Hoffmann, Wei Song, Wei ShujunAbstract:Pest species are often able to develop Resistance to Pesticides used to control them, depending on how rapidly Resistance can emerge within a population or spread from another resistant population. We examined the evolution of bifenazate Resistance in China in the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) Tetranychus uticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), one of the most resistant arthropods, by using bioassays, detection of mutations in the target cytb gene, and population genetic structure analysis using microsatellite markers. Bioassays showed variable levels of Resistance to bifenazate. The cytb mutation G126S, which confers medium Resistance in TSSM to bifenazate, had previously been detected prior to the application of bifenazate and was now widespread, suggesting likely Resistance evolution from standing genetic variation. G126S was detected in geographically distant populations across different genetic clusters, pointing to the independent origin of this mutation in different TSSM populations. A novel A269V mutation linked to a low-level Resistance was detected in two southern populations. Widespread Resistance associated with a high frequency of the G126S allele was found in four populations from the Beijing area which were not genetically differentiated. In this case, a high level of gene flows likely accelerated the development of Resistance within this local region, as well as into an outlying region distant from Beijing. These findings, therefore, suggest patterns consistent with both local evolution of Pesticide Resistance as well as an impact of migration, helping to inform Resistance management strategies in TSSM.
Christophe Délye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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harnessing the power of next generation sequencing technologies to the purpose of high throughput Pesticide Resistance diagnosis
Pest Management Science, 2020Co-Authors: Christophe Délye, Séverine Michel, Fanny Pernin, Véronique Gautier, Marie Gislard, Charles Poncet, Valerie Le CorreAbstract:Background Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies offer tremendous possibilities for high-throughput Pesticide Resistance diagnosis via massive genotyping-by-sequencing. Herein, we used Illumina sequencing combined with a simple, non-commercial bioinformatics pipe-line to seek mutations involved in herbicide Resistance in two weeds. Results DNA was extracted from 96 pools of 50 plants for each species. Three amplicons encompassing 15 ALS (acetolactate-synthase) codons crucial for herbicide Resistance were amplified from each DNA extract. Above 18 and 20 million quality 250-nucleotide sequence reads were obtained for groundsel (Senecio vulgaris, tetraploid) and ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, diploid), respectively. Herbicide Resistance-endowing mutations were identified in 45 groundsel and in eight ragweed field populations. The mutations detected and their frequencies assessed by NGS were checked by individual plant genotyping or Sanger sequencing. NGS results were fully confirmed, except in three instances out of 12 where mutations present at a frequency of 1% were detected below the threshold set for reliable mutation detection. Conclusion Analyzing 9600 plants requested 192 DNA extractions followed by 1728 PCRs and two Illumina runs. Equivalent results obtained by individual analysis would have necessitated 9600 individual DNA extractions followed by 216 000 genotyping PCRs, or by 121 500 PCRs and 40 500 Sanger sequence runs. This clearly demonstrates the interest and power of NGS-based detection of Pesticide Resistance from pools of individuals for diagnosing Resistance in massive numbers of individuals. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Harnessing the power of next‐generation sequencing technologies to the purpose of high‐throughput Pesticide Resistance diagnosis
Pest Management Science, 2020Co-Authors: Christophe Délye, Séverine Michel, Fanny Pernin, Véronique Gautier, Marie Gislard, Charles Poncet, Valérie Le CorreAbstract:BACKGROUND Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies offer tremendous possibilities for high-throughput Pesticide Resistance diagnosis via massive genotyping-by-sequencing. Herein, we used Illumina sequencing combined with a simple, non-commercial bioinformatics pipe-line to seek mutations involved in herbicide Resistance in two weeds. RESULTS DNA was extracted from 96 pools of 50 plants for each species. Three amplicons encompassing 15 ALS (acetolactate-synthase) codons crucial for herbicide Resistance were amplified from each DNA extract. Above 18 and 20 million quality 250-nucleotide sequence reads were obtained for groundsel (Senecio vulgaris, tetraploid) and ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, diploid), respectively. Herbicide Resistance-endowing mutations were identified in 45 groundsel and in eight ragweed field populations. The mutations detected and their frequencies assessed by NGS were checked by individual plant genotyping or Sanger sequencing. NGS results were fully confirmed, except in three instances out of 12 where mutations present at a frequency of 1% were detected below the threshold set for reliable mutation detection. CONCLUSION Analyzing 9600 plants requested 192 DNA extractions followed by 1728 PCRs and two Illumina runs. Equivalent results obtained by individual analysis would have necessitated 9600 individual DNA extractions followed by 216 000 genotyping PCRs, or by 121 500 PCRs and 40 500 Sanger sequence runs. This clearly demonstrates the interest and power of NGS-based detection of Pesticide Resistance from pools of individuals for diagnosing Resistance in massive numbers of individuals. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
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Trends and Challenges in Pesticide Resistance Detection
Trends in plant science, 2016Co-Authors: Benoit Barrès, Christophe Délye, Annie Micoud, Marie-france Corio-costet, Danièle Debieu, Sabine Fillinger, Anne-sophie Walker, Jacques Grosman, Myriam SiegwartAbstract:Pesticide Resistance is a crucial factor to be considered when developing strategies for the minimal use of Pesticides while maintaining Pesticide efficacy. This goal requires monitoring the emergence and development of Resistance to Pesticides in crop pests. To this end, various methods for Resistance diagnosis have been developed for different groups of pests. This review provides an overview of biological, biochemical, and molecular methods that are currently used to detect and quantify Pesticide Resistance. The agronomic, technical, and economic advantages and drawbacks of each method are considered. Emerging technologies are also described, with their associated challenges and their potential for the detection of Resistance mechanisms likely to be selected by current and future plant protection methods.
Miodrag Grbic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a link between host plant adaptation and Pesticide Resistance in the polyphagous spider mite tetranychus urticae
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013Co-Authors: Wannes Dermauw, Nicky Wybouw, Stephane Rombauts, Bjorn Menten, John Vontas, Miodrag Grbic, Richard M Clark, Rene Feyereisen, Thomas Van LeeuwenAbstract:Plants produce a wide range of allelochemicals to defend against herbivore attack, and generalist herbivores have evolved mechanisms to avoid, sequester, or detoxify a broad spectrum of natural defense compounds. Successful arthropod pests have also developed Resistance to diverse classes of Pesticides and this adaptation is of critical importance to agriculture. To test whether mechanisms to overcome plant defenses predispose the development of Pesticide Resistance, we examined adaptation of the generalist two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, to host plant transfer and Pesticides. T. urticae is an extreme polyphagous pest with more than 1,100 documented hosts and has an extraordinary ability to develop Pesticide Resistance. When mites from a Pesticide-susceptible strain propagated on bean were adapted to a challenging host (tomato), transcriptional responses increased over time with ∼7.5% of genes differentially expressed after five generations. Whereas many genes with altered expression belonged to known detoxification families (like P450 monooxygenases), new gene families not previously associated with detoxification in other herbivores showed a striking response, including ring-splitting dioxygenase genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Strikingly, transcriptional profiles of tomato-adapted mites resembled those of multiPesticide-resistant strains, and adaptation to tomato decreased the susceptibility to unrelated Pesticide classes. Our findings suggest key roles for both an expanded environmental response gene repertoire and transcriptional regulation in the life history of generalist herbivores. They also support a model whereby selection for the ability to mount a broad response to the diverse defense chemistry of plants predisposes the evolution of Pesticide Resistance in generalists.