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O. Cabezón - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ruminant Pestiviruses in North Africa.
Preventive veterinary medicine, 2020Co-Authors: K.a. Guidoum, B. Benallou, L. Pailler, Johan Espunyes, Sebastian Napp, O. CabezónAbstract:Abstract Ruminant Pestiviruses are widely distributed worldwide, causing congenital disease and massive economic losses. Although ruminant production is an important economic sector in North Africa, the knowledge about Pestiviruses is scarce. The present study aimed at assessing the presence of Pestivirus in cattle in Algeria, and to review the data available on ruminant Pestiviruses in North Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted on dairy farms from North-Western Algeria. Blood samples from 234 dairy cattle from 31 herds were collected. All sera were analysed for the presence of antibodies using a commercial iELISA. The presence of Pestivirus RNA was also assessed by using a Reverse Transcription-PCR, and PCR-positive samples were sequenced. Risk factors related to Pestivirus Infection were also analysed. The review of the presence of ruminant Pestiviruses in North Africa was performed using a systematic search and compilation methodology of the peer-reviewed literature available in order to identify gaps of knowledge for future research. The seroprevalence at population and farm levels obtained in the present study (59.9% and 93.5%, respectively) concur with data reported in neighbouring countries. Risk factors associated with Pestivirus Infection in cattle were the presence of sheep in the herd and the animal category (cow vs heifer). Furthermore, we confirmed the presence of BVDV-1a in Algeria. The scarce data suggest an endemic epidemiological scenario of Pestivirus in livestock. The lack of studies about the epidemiology and molecular variability of ruminant Pestiviruses in livestock and wildlife in North Africa is of concern for animal health and wildlife conservation, and needs to be addressed.
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The European hare (Lepus europaeus) as a potential wild reservoir for ruminant Pestiviruses
Preventive veterinary medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Andreu Colom-cadena, O. Cabezón, R. Rosell, S. Lavín, Xavier Fernández-aguilar, B. Blanch-lázaro, E. Tetas, Ignasi MarcoAbstract:Ruminant Pestiviruses cause important economic losses in livestock and the epidemiological role of free-ranging sympatric wildlife is of special interest for the implementation of Pestivirus eradication plans. Moreover, the emergence of high mortality outbreaks of Pestivirus in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) since 2001 in the border between Spain and France has increased the value of knowing the hosts that role Pestivirus Infection. In the present study, Pestivirus Infection was assessed in 94 sera from wild hunted European hares (Lepus europaeus) collected in two different areas: Pyrenees (alpine and subalpine ecosystems) versus Non Pyrenees (non alpine and subalpine ecosystems). The presence of antibodies against Border Disease Virus (BDV) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) was evaluated by means of the Virus Neutralization Test and the presence of viral RNA in sera samples was assessed by Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). A total of 34 out of 94 (36.2%; CI95 0.26–0.46) sera presented neutralizing antibodies against ruminant Pestiviruses, and significant differences between BDV4 and BVDV1 titres were found in 7 hares. In the Pyrenean area not statistically significant seroprevalence was observed when comparing with the Non Pyrenean area. RT-PCR analysis of sera samples resulted all negative. The results of the present study indicate that the European hare is susceptible to Pestivirus Infection and that could be involved in the epidemiology of ruminant Pestiviruses. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the third wild non-artiodactyl with reported antibodies against ruminant Pestivirus after the rabbit and Bennet’s wallaby.
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Identification of a porcine Pestivirus as a border disease virus from naturally infected pigs in Spain.
The Veterinary record, 2013Co-Authors: Rosa Rosell, O. Cabezón, Joan Pujols, Mariano Domingo, Iván Muñoz, José I. Núñez, Llilianne GangesAbstract:Border disease virus (BDV), together with bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2 and classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is classified in the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae . Pestiviruses have been traditionally classified according the species that they infect, but interspecies transmission of Pestiviruses among several artiodactyla species has been widely reported. Thus, whereas CSFV is predominantly restricted to pigs, BVDV and BDV infect many different ruminant species as well as swine (Becher and others 1997). CSFV serological surveillance is carried out in Spain according to the regulations issued by the European Union. In 2006, healthy pigs from a fattening swine farm in northern Spain tested positive in a routine ELISA screening for antibodies against CSFV. In a visit to the farm, no clinical signs (with no abnormal pig losses or low productivity) were observed. The positive sera were further analysed using the virus neutralisation test (VNT), and the antibody titres against the viruses used did not show clear-cut differentiation between CSFV and other Pestiviruses. To monitor Pestivirus Infection in the herd, and to characterise the virus, additional serological and virological studies were performed. The present study focused on antigenic and molecular characterisation of Pestivirus isolated from naturally infected pigs from a herd in northern Spain detected during the CSFV surveillance programme. One-month-old piglets were monitored for Pestivirus Infection on four sampling dates (SD1: 533 pigs, SD2: 523 pigs, SD3: 509 pigs, SD4: 470 pigs) at intervals of 45 days. To detect Pestivirus at the …
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Survey of Pestivirus Infection in wild and domestic ungulates from south-western Italian Alps
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2012Co-Authors: L. Fernández-sirera, O. Cabezón, A. Dematteis, L. Rossi, P. G. Meneguz, M. S. Gennero, A. Allepuz, R. Rosell, S. Lavín, I. MarcoAbstract:The transmission of Pestiviruses between domestic and wild ruminants has not been documented in communal alpine pastures shared between wildlife and livestock. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of domestic and wild ungulates species from Varaita Valley (SW Italian Alps) in the epidemiology of Pestivirus Infections. Sera from free-ranging alpine chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra ) and roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) were collected from 1994 to 2009 and 2001 to 2009, respectively. Also, sera from cattle and sheep sampled in 2009 were studied. Sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against Pestivirus with an ELISA assay. Sera from positive animals were subsequently tested with a comparative virus neutralisation test using the BVDV-NADL and BDV-137/4 strains. Sera were tested for the presence of pestiviral antigen and the presence of viral RNA with a commercial ELISA assay and RT-PCR. Antibodies against Pestivirus were detected in 132 out of 312 (42%) chamois, in 30 out of 175 (17%) cattle and 6 out of 24 (25%) sheep. No antibodies were found in roe deer. No Pestivirus antigen or RNA was detected in any of the samples. Results indicate circulation of Pestiviruses among the studied chamois, cattle and sheep populations. However the role of wild ungulates in the dynamics of Pestivirus Infection is still unknown and monitoring the presence of these viruses in wild ungulates would be of importance, especially in the chamois population, where Pestiviruses seem to circulate extensively.
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Investigations of Pestivirus Infection in wild Caprinae in Europe
The Veterinary record, 2011Co-Authors: L. Fernández-sirera, O. Cabezón, P. G. Meneguz, R. Rosell, S. Lavín, Luca Rossi, E. Casas-díaz, Ignasi MarcoAbstract:PestivirusES (family Flaviviridae) are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that are traditionally classified in four species: bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and type 2 (BVDV-2), which affect cattle, Border disease virus (BDV), which infects small ruminants and classical swine fever virus, which affects pigs. BVDV and BDV are not strictly host-specific and antibodies to these viruses have been reported in several species of wild ruminants (Vilcek and Nettleton 2006). Pestiviruses can cause a wide range of reproductive clinical manifestations in livestock, and recently, BDV Infection has been associated with severe outbreaks of disease in the Pyrenean chamois ( Rupicapra pyrenaica ), leading to severe reductions in its populations (Marco and others 2007, 2009). The Alpine ibex ( Capra ibex ) and Iberian ibex ( Capra pyrenaica ) are mountain ruminants belonging to the subfamily Caprinae (family Bovidae). Although these species are not considered threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, there is concern regarding their genetic diversity, the founder effect and minimum viable populations (Shackleton 1997). Therefore, information about reproductive disorders could be of importance for the conservation and management of these species. The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Pestiviruses and to investigate the …
Claude Saegerman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pestiviruses Infections at the wild and domestic ruminants interface in the French Southern Alps
Veterinary microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Claire Martin, Dominique Gauthier, Claude Saegerman, Véronique Duquesne, Gilbert Adam, Eric Belleau, Jean-luc Champion, Richard Thiéry, Eric DuboisAbstract:Abstract In alpine pasture, interspecies transmission has recently been incriminated in the epidemiology of Pestivirus Infection. The aim of this study was to investigate Pestivirus Infections in wild and domestic ruminants sharing pastures in the French Southern Alps. Animal sera were screened for Pestivirus antibodies against the Pestivirus NS3 protein by a commercial blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All 38 domestic herds tested were positive for Pestivirus-specific antibodies. Individual sero-prevalence reached 76.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: [74.2–78.8%]) of the 1383 sheep tested. For wild ruminants, 38.7% (95% CI: [33.8–43.9%]) of the 369 chamois tested, 28.7% (95% CI: [17.4–38.1%]) of the 72 roe deer, and 22.2% (95% CI: [6.5–37.9%]) of the 27 mouflons were seropositive. Virus screening was carried out on spleen samples from hunted wild animals ( n = 160) and from 15 domestic ruminants (clinically suspected to be persistently infected animals), by a conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Three Pestivirus strains were isolated from the sheep samples positive by RT-PCR. The viruses were classified in the BDV-3, BDV-Tunisian and BDV-6 genotypes. For the first time, one strain (RUPI-05 strain) was isolated from an alpine chamois and clustered in the BDV-6 genotype, showing in the 5′-UTR region 92% of identity with the ovine isolate from the same area. Thus, an active circulation of Pestiviruses was demonstrated in both wild and domestic ungulates from the French Southern Alps. The results suggest that interspecies transmission between sheep and chamois probably occur.
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Epidemiology of Pestivirus Infection in wild ungulates of the French South Alps
Veterinary Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Claire Martin, Dominique Gauthier, Carine Letellier, Brigitte Caij, Nicolas Jean, Anahita Shaffii, Claude SaegermanAbstract:Interspecies transmission is often incriminated in epidemiology of Pestivirus diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Pestivirus in some mountain wild ungulates and to determine their role in Pestivirus transmission, as mountain pastures are a place where cohabitations between wild and domestic ungulates are particularly high. Between 2003 and 2007, a longitudinal epidemiological study was carried out on hunted ungulates in the French Hautes-Alpes department. Pestivirus-specific antibodies against p80 protein (named also NS3) common to all Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV) were found in 45.9% (95% confidence interval [CI95%]: 40.5-51.3%) of the 343 tested chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). In addition, mouflons (Ovis gmelinii musimon) were shown for the first time to be strongly infected (61.1%; CI95%: 38.6-83.6) by a Pestivirus. These serological ELISA results were confirmed by comparative virus neutralization tests, performed on 7 Pestivirus strains by using 15 seropositive samples. The highest antibody titers were directed against 2 BDV strains (Av and 33s strains), rather than BDV-4, a strain responsible for Pyrenean-chamois epizooties. Virus neutralization tests confirm a BDV circulation in wild ungulates in the French South Alps. However, no Pestivirus RNA was detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in serum and spleen samples from seronegative animals and no virus was isolated from those samples either. Efforts should be made to improve the protocol in order to be able to isolate and characterize the local strain. Finally, the oldness (age) and femaleness (gender) increase the risk of seroconversion in chamois.
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Epidemiology of Pestivirus Infection in wild ungulates of the French South Alps.
Veterinary Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Claire Martin, Dominique Gauthier, Carine Letellier, Brigitte Caij, Nicolas Jean, Anahita Shaffii, Claude SaegermanAbstract:Inter-species transmission is often incriminated in the epidemiology of Pestivirus diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Pestivirus in some mountain wild ungulates and to determine their role in Pestivirus transmission, as mountain pastures are a place where cohabitations between wild and domestic ungulates are particularly high. Between 2003 and 2007, a longitudinal epidemiological study was carried out on hunted ungulates in the French Hautes-Alpes department. Pestivirus-specific antibodies against p80 protein (also named NS3) common to all Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV) were found in 45.9% (95% confidence interval [CI95%]: 40.5-51.3%) of the 343 tested chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). In addition, mouflons (Ovis gmelinii musimon) were shown for the first time to be strongly infected (61.1%; CI95%: 38.6-83.6) by a Pestivirus. These serological ELISA results were confirmed by comparative virus neutralization tests, performed on seven Pestivirus strains by using 15 seropositive samples. The highest antibody titers were directed against 2 BDV strains (Av and 33s strains), rather than BDV-4, a strain responsible for Pyrenean-chamois epizooties. Virus neutralization tests confirm a BDV circulation in wild ungulates in the French South Alps. However, no Pestivirus RNA was detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in serum and spleen samples from seronegative animals and no virus was isolated from those samples either. Efforts should be made to improve the protocol in order to be able to isolate and characterize the local strain. Finally, the oldness (age) and femaleness (gender) increase the risk of seroconversion in chamois.
R. Rosell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The European hare (Lepus europaeus) as a potential wild reservoir for ruminant Pestiviruses
Preventive veterinary medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Andreu Colom-cadena, O. Cabezón, R. Rosell, S. Lavín, Xavier Fernández-aguilar, B. Blanch-lázaro, E. Tetas, Ignasi MarcoAbstract:Ruminant Pestiviruses cause important economic losses in livestock and the epidemiological role of free-ranging sympatric wildlife is of special interest for the implementation of Pestivirus eradication plans. Moreover, the emergence of high mortality outbreaks of Pestivirus in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) since 2001 in the border between Spain and France has increased the value of knowing the hosts that role Pestivirus Infection. In the present study, Pestivirus Infection was assessed in 94 sera from wild hunted European hares (Lepus europaeus) collected in two different areas: Pyrenees (alpine and subalpine ecosystems) versus Non Pyrenees (non alpine and subalpine ecosystems). The presence of antibodies against Border Disease Virus (BDV) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) was evaluated by means of the Virus Neutralization Test and the presence of viral RNA in sera samples was assessed by Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). A total of 34 out of 94 (36.2%; CI95 0.26–0.46) sera presented neutralizing antibodies against ruminant Pestiviruses, and significant differences between BDV4 and BVDV1 titres were found in 7 hares. In the Pyrenean area not statistically significant seroprevalence was observed when comparing with the Non Pyrenean area. RT-PCR analysis of sera samples resulted all negative. The results of the present study indicate that the European hare is susceptible to Pestivirus Infection and that could be involved in the epidemiology of ruminant Pestiviruses. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the third wild non-artiodactyl with reported antibodies against ruminant Pestivirus after the rabbit and Bennet’s wallaby.
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Survey of Pestivirus Infection in wild and domestic ungulates from south-western Italian Alps
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2012Co-Authors: L. Fernández-sirera, O. Cabezón, A. Dematteis, L. Rossi, P. G. Meneguz, M. S. Gennero, A. Allepuz, R. Rosell, S. Lavín, I. MarcoAbstract:The transmission of Pestiviruses between domestic and wild ruminants has not been documented in communal alpine pastures shared between wildlife and livestock. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of domestic and wild ungulates species from Varaita Valley (SW Italian Alps) in the epidemiology of Pestivirus Infections. Sera from free-ranging alpine chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra ) and roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) were collected from 1994 to 2009 and 2001 to 2009, respectively. Also, sera from cattle and sheep sampled in 2009 were studied. Sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against Pestivirus with an ELISA assay. Sera from positive animals were subsequently tested with a comparative virus neutralisation test using the BVDV-NADL and BDV-137/4 strains. Sera were tested for the presence of pestiviral antigen and the presence of viral RNA with a commercial ELISA assay and RT-PCR. Antibodies against Pestivirus were detected in 132 out of 312 (42%) chamois, in 30 out of 175 (17%) cattle and 6 out of 24 (25%) sheep. No antibodies were found in roe deer. No Pestivirus antigen or RNA was detected in any of the samples. Results indicate circulation of Pestiviruses among the studied chamois, cattle and sheep populations. However the role of wild ungulates in the dynamics of Pestivirus Infection is still unknown and monitoring the presence of these viruses in wild ungulates would be of importance, especially in the chamois population, where Pestiviruses seem to circulate extensively.
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Investigations of Pestivirus Infection in wild Caprinae in Europe
The Veterinary record, 2011Co-Authors: L. Fernández-sirera, O. Cabezón, P. G. Meneguz, R. Rosell, S. Lavín, Luca Rossi, E. Casas-díaz, Ignasi MarcoAbstract:PestivirusES (family Flaviviridae) are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that are traditionally classified in four species: bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and type 2 (BVDV-2), which affect cattle, Border disease virus (BDV), which infects small ruminants and classical swine fever virus, which affects pigs. BVDV and BDV are not strictly host-specific and antibodies to these viruses have been reported in several species of wild ruminants (Vilcek and Nettleton 2006). Pestiviruses can cause a wide range of reproductive clinical manifestations in livestock, and recently, BDV Infection has been associated with severe outbreaks of disease in the Pyrenean chamois ( Rupicapra pyrenaica ), leading to severe reductions in its populations (Marco and others 2007, 2009). The Alpine ibex ( Capra ibex ) and Iberian ibex ( Capra pyrenaica ) are mountain ruminants belonging to the subfamily Caprinae (family Bovidae). Although these species are not considered threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, there is concern regarding their genetic diversity, the founder effect and minimum viable populations (Shackleton 1997). Therefore, information about reproductive disorders could be of importance for the conservation and management of these species. The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Pestiviruses and to investigate the …
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retrospective study of Pestivirus Infection in pyrenean chamois rupicapra pyrenaica and other ungulates in the pyrenees ne spain
Veterinary Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Ignasi Marco, O. Cabezón, A. Allepuz, R. Rosell, Laura Fernandezsirera, Santiago LavinAbstract:In 2001 a new Pestivirus (Family Flaviviridae) was associated with an outbreak of a previously unreported disease in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) in the Pyrenees (NE Spain). Molecular characterization assigned this virus to the Border Disease Virus (BDV) cluster, BDV-4 genotype. A retrospective study was performed in archived sera and spleen of 74 Pyrenean chamois and in archived sera of 28 mouflon (Ovis ammon), 56 red deer (Cervus elaphus), 43 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 29 fallow deer (Dama dama) from the Pyrenees between the years 1990 and 2000. Thirty six of 74 (48.6%) sera of Pyrenean chamois, one of mouflon and one of red deer were positive by an ELISA antibody test. Comparative virus neutralization tests were performed on 26 seropositive chamois, one mouflon and one red deer, using five Pestivirus strains. An ELISA antigen test was performed on 37 seronegative chamois and yielded positive results in one chamois and inconclusive result in two. RT-PCR and virus isolation performed on spleen samples from these three animals gave positive results in the positive and one inconclusive animal. Sequence analysis in the 5' unstranslated region revealed that they were grouped into the BDV-4 genotype. Virological and serological data of the present study indicate that BDV Infection has been present in the chamois population since at least 1990, 11 years before the first outbreak of disease. Therefore, the emergence of the disease in 2001 is apparently due to other factors rather than the introduction of a new virus in the chamois population.
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serologic and virologic investigations into Pestivirus Infection in wild and domestic ruminants in the pyrenees ne spain
Research in Veterinary Science, 2009Co-Authors: Ignasi Marco, O. Cabezón, R. Rosell, Ana Hurtado, Jorge Ramon Lopezolvera, M Beneria, Gregorio Mentaberre, Encarna Casas, S. LavínAbstract:An outbreak of disease associated to a border disease virus was described in the Southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) in Spain in 2002. Sera and/or spleen samples from 57 mouflon, 15 red deer, 21 roe deer, 3 fallow deer, 55 sheep, 32 cattle, and 68 goats sharing the chamois habitat were studied. An antibody ELISA test yielded an inconclusive result in 2 mouflon and positive results in 5 goat sera. Comparative virus neutralization tests were performed on the 2 inconclusive mouflons, 3 of the 5 seropositive goats, 55 sheep and 32 cattle, using 6 Pestivirus strains. Positive results were obtained in 1 mouflon, 2 goats, 69% of sheep and 78% of cattle. Virological investigations performed with an antigen ELISA test yielded negative results in 21 goats and 39 mouflons, the result in 1 mouflon being inconclusive. PCR performed on 12 goats and the inconclusive mouflon gave negative results. These results suggested that it is unlikely that chamois BDV is infecting wild and domestic ruminants.
Ignasi Marco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The European hare (Lepus europaeus) as a potential wild reservoir for ruminant Pestiviruses
Preventive veterinary medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Andreu Colom-cadena, O. Cabezón, R. Rosell, S. Lavín, Xavier Fernández-aguilar, B. Blanch-lázaro, E. Tetas, Ignasi MarcoAbstract:Ruminant Pestiviruses cause important economic losses in livestock and the epidemiological role of free-ranging sympatric wildlife is of special interest for the implementation of Pestivirus eradication plans. Moreover, the emergence of high mortality outbreaks of Pestivirus in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) since 2001 in the border between Spain and France has increased the value of knowing the hosts that role Pestivirus Infection. In the present study, Pestivirus Infection was assessed in 94 sera from wild hunted European hares (Lepus europaeus) collected in two different areas: Pyrenees (alpine and subalpine ecosystems) versus Non Pyrenees (non alpine and subalpine ecosystems). The presence of antibodies against Border Disease Virus (BDV) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) was evaluated by means of the Virus Neutralization Test and the presence of viral RNA in sera samples was assessed by Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). A total of 34 out of 94 (36.2%; CI95 0.26–0.46) sera presented neutralizing antibodies against ruminant Pestiviruses, and significant differences between BDV4 and BVDV1 titres were found in 7 hares. In the Pyrenean area not statistically significant seroprevalence was observed when comparing with the Non Pyrenean area. RT-PCR analysis of sera samples resulted all negative. The results of the present study indicate that the European hare is susceptible to Pestivirus Infection and that could be involved in the epidemiology of ruminant Pestiviruses. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the third wild non-artiodactyl with reported antibodies against ruminant Pestivirus after the rabbit and Bennet’s wallaby.
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Investigations of Pestivirus Infection in wild Caprinae in Europe
The Veterinary record, 2011Co-Authors: L. Fernández-sirera, O. Cabezón, P. G. Meneguz, R. Rosell, S. Lavín, Luca Rossi, E. Casas-díaz, Ignasi MarcoAbstract:PestivirusES (family Flaviviridae) are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that are traditionally classified in four species: bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and type 2 (BVDV-2), which affect cattle, Border disease virus (BDV), which infects small ruminants and classical swine fever virus, which affects pigs. BVDV and BDV are not strictly host-specific and antibodies to these viruses have been reported in several species of wild ruminants (Vilcek and Nettleton 2006). Pestiviruses can cause a wide range of reproductive clinical manifestations in livestock, and recently, BDV Infection has been associated with severe outbreaks of disease in the Pyrenean chamois ( Rupicapra pyrenaica ), leading to severe reductions in its populations (Marco and others 2007, 2009). The Alpine ibex ( Capra ibex ) and Iberian ibex ( Capra pyrenaica ) are mountain ruminants belonging to the subfamily Caprinae (family Bovidae). Although these species are not considered threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, there is concern regarding their genetic diversity, the founder effect and minimum viable populations (Shackleton 1997). Therefore, information about reproductive disorders could be of importance for the conservation and management of these species. The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Pestiviruses and to investigate the …
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retrospective study of Pestivirus Infection in pyrenean chamois rupicapra pyrenaica and other ungulates in the pyrenees ne spain
Veterinary Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Ignasi Marco, O. Cabezón, A. Allepuz, R. Rosell, Laura Fernandezsirera, Santiago LavinAbstract:In 2001 a new Pestivirus (Family Flaviviridae) was associated with an outbreak of a previously unreported disease in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) in the Pyrenees (NE Spain). Molecular characterization assigned this virus to the Border Disease Virus (BDV) cluster, BDV-4 genotype. A retrospective study was performed in archived sera and spleen of 74 Pyrenean chamois and in archived sera of 28 mouflon (Ovis ammon), 56 red deer (Cervus elaphus), 43 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 29 fallow deer (Dama dama) from the Pyrenees between the years 1990 and 2000. Thirty six of 74 (48.6%) sera of Pyrenean chamois, one of mouflon and one of red deer were positive by an ELISA antibody test. Comparative virus neutralization tests were performed on 26 seropositive chamois, one mouflon and one red deer, using five Pestivirus strains. An ELISA antigen test was performed on 37 seronegative chamois and yielded positive results in one chamois and inconclusive result in two. RT-PCR and virus isolation performed on spleen samples from these three animals gave positive results in the positive and one inconclusive animal. Sequence analysis in the 5' unstranslated region revealed that they were grouped into the BDV-4 genotype. Virological and serological data of the present study indicate that BDV Infection has been present in the chamois population since at least 1990, 11 years before the first outbreak of disease. Therefore, the emergence of the disease in 2001 is apparently due to other factors rather than the introduction of a new virus in the chamois population.
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serologic and virologic investigations into Pestivirus Infection in wild and domestic ruminants in the pyrenees ne spain
Research in Veterinary Science, 2009Co-Authors: Ignasi Marco, O. Cabezón, R. Rosell, Ana Hurtado, Jorge Ramon Lopezolvera, M Beneria, Gregorio Mentaberre, Encarna Casas, S. LavínAbstract:An outbreak of disease associated to a border disease virus was described in the Southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) in Spain in 2002. Sera and/or spleen samples from 57 mouflon, 15 red deer, 21 roe deer, 3 fallow deer, 55 sheep, 32 cattle, and 68 goats sharing the chamois habitat were studied. An antibody ELISA test yielded an inconclusive result in 2 mouflon and positive results in 5 goat sera. Comparative virus neutralization tests were performed on the 2 inconclusive mouflons, 3 of the 5 seropositive goats, 55 sheep and 32 cattle, using 6 Pestivirus strains. Positive results were obtained in 1 mouflon, 2 goats, 69% of sheep and 78% of cattle. Virological investigations performed with an antigen ELISA test yielded negative results in 21 goats and 39 mouflons, the result in 1 mouflon being inconclusive. PCR performed on 12 goats and the inconclusive mouflon gave negative results. These results suggested that it is unlikely that chamois BDV is infecting wild and domestic ruminants.
Claire Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pestiviruses Infections at the wild and domestic ruminants interface in the French Southern Alps
Veterinary microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Claire Martin, Dominique Gauthier, Claude Saegerman, Véronique Duquesne, Gilbert Adam, Eric Belleau, Jean-luc Champion, Richard Thiéry, Eric DuboisAbstract:Abstract In alpine pasture, interspecies transmission has recently been incriminated in the epidemiology of Pestivirus Infection. The aim of this study was to investigate Pestivirus Infections in wild and domestic ruminants sharing pastures in the French Southern Alps. Animal sera were screened for Pestivirus antibodies against the Pestivirus NS3 protein by a commercial blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All 38 domestic herds tested were positive for Pestivirus-specific antibodies. Individual sero-prevalence reached 76.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: [74.2–78.8%]) of the 1383 sheep tested. For wild ruminants, 38.7% (95% CI: [33.8–43.9%]) of the 369 chamois tested, 28.7% (95% CI: [17.4–38.1%]) of the 72 roe deer, and 22.2% (95% CI: [6.5–37.9%]) of the 27 mouflons were seropositive. Virus screening was carried out on spleen samples from hunted wild animals ( n = 160) and from 15 domestic ruminants (clinically suspected to be persistently infected animals), by a conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Three Pestivirus strains were isolated from the sheep samples positive by RT-PCR. The viruses were classified in the BDV-3, BDV-Tunisian and BDV-6 genotypes. For the first time, one strain (RUPI-05 strain) was isolated from an alpine chamois and clustered in the BDV-6 genotype, showing in the 5′-UTR region 92% of identity with the ovine isolate from the same area. Thus, an active circulation of Pestiviruses was demonstrated in both wild and domestic ungulates from the French Southern Alps. The results suggest that interspecies transmission between sheep and chamois probably occur.
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Epidemiology of Pestivirus Infection in wild ungulates of the French South Alps
Veterinary Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Claire Martin, Dominique Gauthier, Carine Letellier, Brigitte Caij, Nicolas Jean, Anahita Shaffii, Claude SaegermanAbstract:Interspecies transmission is often incriminated in epidemiology of Pestivirus diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Pestivirus in some mountain wild ungulates and to determine their role in Pestivirus transmission, as mountain pastures are a place where cohabitations between wild and domestic ungulates are particularly high. Between 2003 and 2007, a longitudinal epidemiological study was carried out on hunted ungulates in the French Hautes-Alpes department. Pestivirus-specific antibodies against p80 protein (named also NS3) common to all Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV) were found in 45.9% (95% confidence interval [CI95%]: 40.5-51.3%) of the 343 tested chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). In addition, mouflons (Ovis gmelinii musimon) were shown for the first time to be strongly infected (61.1%; CI95%: 38.6-83.6) by a Pestivirus. These serological ELISA results were confirmed by comparative virus neutralization tests, performed on 7 Pestivirus strains by using 15 seropositive samples. The highest antibody titers were directed against 2 BDV strains (Av and 33s strains), rather than BDV-4, a strain responsible for Pyrenean-chamois epizooties. Virus neutralization tests confirm a BDV circulation in wild ungulates in the French South Alps. However, no Pestivirus RNA was detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in serum and spleen samples from seronegative animals and no virus was isolated from those samples either. Efforts should be made to improve the protocol in order to be able to isolate and characterize the local strain. Finally, the oldness (age) and femaleness (gender) increase the risk of seroconversion in chamois.
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Epidemiology of Pestivirus Infection in wild ungulates of the French South Alps.
Veterinary Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Claire Martin, Dominique Gauthier, Carine Letellier, Brigitte Caij, Nicolas Jean, Anahita Shaffii, Claude SaegermanAbstract:Inter-species transmission is often incriminated in the epidemiology of Pestivirus diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Pestivirus in some mountain wild ungulates and to determine their role in Pestivirus transmission, as mountain pastures are a place where cohabitations between wild and domestic ungulates are particularly high. Between 2003 and 2007, a longitudinal epidemiological study was carried out on hunted ungulates in the French Hautes-Alpes department. Pestivirus-specific antibodies against p80 protein (also named NS3) common to all Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV) were found in 45.9% (95% confidence interval [CI95%]: 40.5-51.3%) of the 343 tested chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). In addition, mouflons (Ovis gmelinii musimon) were shown for the first time to be strongly infected (61.1%; CI95%: 38.6-83.6) by a Pestivirus. These serological ELISA results were confirmed by comparative virus neutralization tests, performed on seven Pestivirus strains by using 15 seropositive samples. The highest antibody titers were directed against 2 BDV strains (Av and 33s strains), rather than BDV-4, a strain responsible for Pyrenean-chamois epizooties. Virus neutralization tests confirm a BDV circulation in wild ungulates in the French South Alps. However, no Pestivirus RNA was detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in serum and spleen samples from seronegative animals and no virus was isolated from those samples either. Efforts should be made to improve the protocol in order to be able to isolate and characterize the local strain. Finally, the oldness (age) and femaleness (gender) increase the risk of seroconversion in chamois.