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Addanki P Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • tolerance of Phellodendron Amurense bark extract nexrutine in patients with human prostate cancer
    Phytotherapy Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Gregory P Swanson, William E Jones, Chul S Ha, Carol A Jenkins, Addanki P Kumar, Joseph W Basler
    Abstract:

    Phellodendron Amurense bark extract (Nexrutine®) has shown a favorable effect on prostate cancer in vivo and in vitro. We evaluated its tolerance in patients undergoing surgery or radiation for prostate cancer. Patients received Nexrutine® orally (500 mg tid) either 1 to 2 months preoperatively or 1 to 2 months prior to and with radiation therapy. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events were used to measure tolerance. In total, 21 patients (9 surgery and 12 radiation) underwent treatment. During the Nexrutine® alone component, there were two transient grade 3 toxicities (hypokalemia and urinary incontinence). There was no grade 4 toxicity. For the combined Nexrutine® and radiation component, no additional patients suffered a grade 3 toxicity. All the toxicities were transient. By the end of the neoadjuvant treatment, 81% of the patients had a decline in prostate-specific antigen. This is the first report of patients with prostate cancer being treated with P. Amurense bark extract, and it was very well tolerated. Toxicities were minimal and self-limited. This compound can be safely used in further evaluation of a treatment effect on cancer. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • Phellodendron Amurense bark extract prevents progression of prostate tumors in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate potential for prostate cancer management
    Anticancer Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Rita Ghosh, Shylesh Bhaskaran, Heather Graham, Paul Rivas, Katherine Crosby, John Schoolfield, Jameela Banu, Gabriel Fernandes, Addanki P Kumar
    Abstract:

    Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in Western society. Epidemiological studies suggest that a reduced risk of cancer is associated with the consumption of a phytochemical-rich diet that includes fruits and vegetables. Strategies to delay clinically significant prostate cancer will have a tremendous impact in reducing the overall incidence of prostate cancer as well as improving quality of life for elderly men. Furthermore, the long latency involved in the development of clinically significant prostate cancer provides a plethora of opportunities for its management, especially using prevention approaches. Previous studies from our laboratory show that NexrutineR (bark extract from Phellodendron Amurense) prevents prostate tumor development when given prior to the development of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. In this study, we investigated the effect on the progression of established tumors in the TRAMP model by administering NexrutineR to 28-week-old TRAMP mice. Efficacy of NexrutineR was determined by histopathological evaluation of the prostate. Our data indicate that NexrutineR inhibited progression of prostate tumors that was correlated with tissue levels of transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B, cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein and phosphorylated CREB. Moreover, NexrutineR intervention resulted in a significant increase in the bone mineral density of the left femur diaphysis (p=0.009) and prevented the development of metastatic lesions. NexrutineR treatment also significantly (p=0.005) inhibited invasion of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells

  • akt and creb mediated prostate cancer cell proliferation inhibition by nexrutine a Phellodendron Amurense extract
    Neoplasia, 2006
    Co-Authors: Gretchen E Garcia, Arevalo Nicole, Shylesh Bhaskaran, Ashima Gupta, Natasha Kyprianou, Addanki P Kumar
    Abstract:

    Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that plant-based diets can reduce the risk of prostate cancer. However, very little information is available concerning the use of botanicals in preventing prostate cancer. As a first step toward developing botanicals as prostate cancer preventives, we examined the effect of Nexrutine on human prostate cancer cells. Nexrutine is a herbal extract developed from Phellodendron Amurense. Phellodendron extracts have been used traditionally in Chinese medicine for hundreds of years as an anti-diarrheal, astringent, and anti-inflammatory agent. The present study investigated its potential antitumor effect on human prostate cancer cells. Our results suggest that it inhibits tumor cell proliferation through apoptosis induction and inhibition of cell survival signaling. The results of the present study indicate that Nexrutine treatment 1) inhibits the proliferation of both androgen-responsive and androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells through induction of apoptosis; 2) reduces levels of pAkt, phosphorylated cAMP response-binding protein (pCREB), and CREB DNA-binding activity; and 3) induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells stably overexpressing Bcl-2. Further Akt kinase activity was reduced in cells treated with Nexrutine, and ectopic expression of myristoylated Akt protected from Nexrutine induced inhibition of proliferation, implicating a role for Akt signaling.

Fitzpatrick-cooper Julia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

N. Yoshizawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of a medicinal plant Phellodendron Amurense rupr
    In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Plant, 2006
    Co-Authors: Shinso Yokota, M A K Azad, Futoshi Ishiguri, N. Yoshizawa
    Abstract:

    Abstract A regeneration system from protoplast to plantlet for a medicinal plant species, Phellodendron Amurense Rupr., has been developed. Leaves of micropropagated shoots or plantlets were selected as plant materials for protoplast isolation. The yield and viability of leaf protoplasts were greatly influenced by the enzyme combination, treatment time and osmoticum. The highest viability (86%) with a yield of 7.1×105 protoplasts per gram fresh weight was obtained with a 6-h digestion in 1% Cellulase Onozuka R-10 plus 1% Driselase-20. Sustained cell division and colony formation from the protoplasts were best supported at a plating density of 4×105–6×105 protoplasts per milliliter using a 0.2% gellan gum-solidified or liquid MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium containing 0.6 M mannitol, 2.0 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) with 4.0 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The protoplast-derived colonies formed green compact calluses when trans...

  • relationship between starch accumulation and organ development at the different growth stages of callus in kihada Phellodendron Amurense rupr
    Plant Biotechnology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Shinso Yokota, Ziaul Karim, M A K Azad, Junji Eizawa, Futoshi Ishiguri, Kazuya Iizuka, Shoji Yahara, N. Yoshizawa
    Abstract:

    Microscopic observations of Kihada (Phellodendron Amurense) callus revealed a strong correlation between starch accumulation and organ development. The starch accumulation started before any observable organ development and was prominent in cells which ultimately gave rise to organ primordia. A large amount of starch accumulation was observed in the three- or four-celled proembryo-like structure (PLS) organization of callus cultured on MS media supplemented with BAP plus 2,4-D. Two-celled PLS showed low performance for accumulation of starch. No starch accumulation was observed in globular and heart-shaped embryo-like structure ELS organization. During shoot primordium development, a decrease in the starch content of the cultured tissues was found, indicating the utilization of the glucan in the organogenic process. Starch granules disappeared with the development of the meristematic dome and leaf primordium and also started to disappear gradually with the development of cell walls and the tracheary elements.

  • Histological studies of shoot regeneration system in hypocotyl-derived callus of Phellodendron Amurense Rupr.
    Journal of Forest Research, 2005
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Abul Kalam Azad, Shinso Yokota, Futoshi Ishiguri, Shoji Yahara, N. Yoshizawa
    Abstract:

    An efficient in vitro plant regeneration was achieved from hypocotyl-derived callus of a medicinal tree Phellodendron Amurense . The expected morphogenic response was obtained on the media containing 0.89  µ M 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) plus 4.52  µ M 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4.44  µ M BAP plus 5.37  µ M α -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), or 2.22  µ M BAP plus 4.92  µ M indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). A detailed histological study was undertaken to gain a better understanding of cellular changes that take place during the plant regeneration process from callus tissue. This study led to the identification of the cellular origin of shoot regeneration. Histological studies revealed that the new vegetative buds originated from callus that completely altered the morphology of the callus tissues by the 60th day of culture. It also revealed that BAP with NAA or IBA induces plant regeneration through organogenesis whereas BAP with 2,4-D induces embryo-like-structure (ELS) through hypocotyl-derived callus. The presence of ELS lacking root poles was also observed.

  • In vitro regeneration of the medicinal woody plant Phellodendron Amurense Rupr. through excised leaves
    Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2005
    Co-Authors: M A K Azad, S. Yokota, T. Ohkubo, Y. Andoh, S. Yahara, N. Yoshizawa
    Abstract:

    Shoot organogenesis and plant establishment has been achieved for Phellodendron Amurense Rupr. from excised leaf explants. Young leaf explants were collected from in vitro established shoot cultures and used for the induction of direct shoot regeneration, callus and subsequent differentiation into shoots on MS medium. Direct shoot regeneration was achieved by culturing 1 cm^2 sections of about 10-day-old leaves on MS medium enriched with 4.4 μ M BAP and 1.0 μ M NAA after 4 weeks of culture. The leaf explants produced callus from their cut margins within 3 weeks of incubation on medium supplemented with 2.0 μ M TDZ and 4.0 μ M 2,4- D or 4.0 μ M NAA. The maximum number of adventitious shoots was regenerated from the leaf-derived callus within 4 weeks of culture on MS medium containing 1.5 μ M BAP and 1.0 μ M NAA. The highest rate of shoot multiplication was achieved at the third subculture, and more than 65 shoots were produced per callus clump. For rooting, the in vitro proliferated and elongated shoots were excised into 2–4 cm long microcuttings, which were planted individually on a root-induction MS medium containing 2.0 μ M IBA. Within 3 weeks of transfer to the rooting medium, all the cultured microcuttings produced 2–6 roots. The in vitro regenerated plantlets were transferred to Kanuma soil, and the survival rate ex vitro was 90%.

Yuangang Zu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • model based conservation planning of the genetic diversity of Phellodendron Amurense rupr due to climate change
    Ecology and Evolution, 2014
    Co-Authors: Chunjing Wang, Yuangang Zu, Jinghua Yu, Changmei Chen, Shusheng Yuan, Qinggui Wang
    Abstract:

    Climate change affects both habitat suitability and the genetic diversity of wild plants. Therefore, predicting and establishing the most effective and coherent conservation areas is essential for the conservation of genetic diversity in response to climate change. This is because genetic variance is a product not only of habitat suitability in conservation areas but also of efficient protection and management. Phellodendron Amurense Rupr. is a tree species (family Rutaceae) that is endangered due to excessive and illegal harvesting for use in Chinese medicine. Here, we test a general computational method for the prediction of priority conservation areas (PCAs) by measuring the genetic diversity of P. Amurense across the entirety of northeast China using a single strand repeat analysis of twenty microsatellite markers. Using computational modeling, we evaluated the geographical distribution of the species, both now and in different future climate change scenarios. Different populations were analyzed according to genetic diversity, and PCAs were identified using a spatial conservation prioritization framework. These conservation areas were optimized to account for the geographical distribution of P. Amurense both now and in the future, to effectively promote gene flow, and to have a long period of validity. In situ and ex situ conservation, strategies for vulnerable populations were proposed. Three populations with low genetic diversity are predicted to be negatively affected by climate change, making conservation of genetic diversity challenging due to decreasing habitat suitability. Habitat suitability was important for the assessment of genetic variability in existing nature reserves, which were found to be much smaller than the proposed PCAs. Finally, a simple set of conservation measures was established through modeling. This combined molecular and computational ecology approach provides a framework for planning the protection of species endangered by climate change.

  • development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Phellodendron Amurense rutaceae
    Applications in Plant Sciences, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jinghua Yu, Changmei Chen, Shusheng Yuan, Chunjing Wang, Yuangang Zu
    Abstract:

    Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for the rare species Phellodendron Amurense to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of this plant. Methods and Results: In total, 27 microsatellite markers were developed for P. Amurense by using an enriched genomic library and hybridization; all of these primers successfully amplified DNA fragments in P. Amurense. These markers were screened in 74 individuals from four populations in China; 15 loci were found to be polymorphic, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from one to nine. Conclusions: The microsatellite markers developed here represent a useful tool for studying the population genetic structure of P. Amurense and to inform toward the development of effective conservation programs for this species.

  • adventitious shoot regeneration from in vitro stem explants of Phellodendron Amurense
    African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Huimei Wang, Yajie Chen, Haidi Yu, Yuangang Zu
    Abstract:

    An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system from stem explants was established in Phellodendron Amurense. Factors influencing shoot regeneration from stems including culture medium type, combinations of plant growth regulators and carbon source in the medium were investigated. Adventitious shoot regeneration was significantly influenced by the type of medium. Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) was the best for promoting shoot regeneration, followed by Gamborg medium (B5) and woody plant medium (WPM). The combination of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) produced better results for shoot regeneration. The optimum shoot regeneration frequency (74.5%) and number of shoots per explant (12.3) was achieved using MS medium supplemented with 29.7 M BA and 5.8 M NAA. High concentrations of BA and NAA in the medium inhibited shoot formation. Among the three sugars tested, 20 g dm -3 glucose was the optimum for shoot regeneration. Rooting of regenerated shoots was successful on 1/4-strength MS medium with the addition of 15.4 M IBA. Almost 100% plantlets survived acclimatization after transferred to soil. Key words: Phellodendron Amurense, callus, shoot regeneration, stem explants.

  • in vitro antioxidant antimicrobial and anti herpes simplex virus type 1 activity of Phellodendron Amurense rupr from china
    The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2009
    Co-Authors: Wei Wang, Yuangang Zu, Yujie Fu, Jurgen Reichling, Ulrike Suschke, Silke Nokemper, Yuhong Zhang
    Abstract:

    Phellodendron Amurense Rupr. bark extracts were examined for antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and antiviral activity on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Ethanol extract showed higher content of both total phenolic and flavonoid than aqueous extract. In DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, the concentration providing 50% inhibition (IC50) values were 6.73 ± 0.87 mg/ml and 4.26 ± 0.59 mg/ml for aqueous and ethanol extracts respectively. Ethanol extract had a much higher antimicrobial activity than aqueous extract. Furthermore, the antiviral activity of the ethanol extract on HSV-1 was also tested. The maximum noncytotoxic concentration was 44.12 μg/ml for RC-37 cells. Plaque formation was inhibited by 74±6% when HSV-1 was pretreated with the extract prior to adsorption, whereas pretreatment of the cells with the extract, added during adsorption or after the adsorption only exhibited above 10% antiviral effect. This study has to some extent validated the medicinal potential of P. Amurense bark.

Itsuo Nishioka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • principle of the bark of Phellodendron Amurense to suppress the cellular immune response effect of phellodendrine on cellular and humoral immune responses
    Planta Medica, 1995
    Co-Authors: Hiroshi Mori, Masahiro Fuchigami, Naoki Inoue, Hiroichi Nagai, Akihide Koda, Itsuo Nishioka, Kazuo Meguro
    Abstract:

    : Previously we have isolated the quaternary base alkaloids, magnoflorine and phellodendrine, from Phellodendri Cortex (cortex of Phellodendron Amurense Rupr., Rutaceae) as the biologically active principles to suppress local graft-versus-host (GvH) reactions in mice. In this paper, we focus on phellodendrine. Phellodendrine suppressed local semisyngeneic GvH reactions and systemic allogeneic GvH reactions in X-ray irradiated recipient mice. Phellodendrine also suppressed the induction phase of sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-induced delayed type hypersensitivity in mice and tuberculin-induced delayed type hypersensitivity in guinea pigs, but did not suppress the effector phase of these reactions. Surprisingly, phellodendrine, unlike prednisolone and cyclophosphamide, did not affect antibody production in mice to SRBC. Phellodendrine was expected to be a valuable new type of immunosuppressor against the cellular immune response.

  • principle of the bark of Phellodendron Amurense to suppress the cellular immune response
    Planta Medica, 1994
    Co-Authors: Hiroshi Mori, Masahiro Fuchigami, Naoki Inoue, Hiroichi Nagai, Akihide Koda, Itsuo Nishioka
    Abstract:

    : We previously reported that Wen-Qing-Yin (Unsei-in), a traditional Chinese blended medicine, inhibited the induction phase of various kinds of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and local graft-versus-host (GvH) reactions, but did not affect humoral immune responses or the effector phase of DTH in experimental animals. In another report, we demonstrated that Phellodendri Cortex (bark of Phellodendron Amurense Rupr. Rutaceae) was a component having the most potent suppressive effect on the cellular immune response among the 8 medical plants composing Unsei-in. In the present study, we isolated OB-1 and OB-5 from Phellodendri Cortex as the biologically active principles to suppress local GvH reactions in mice. OB-1 and OB-5 are quaternary base alkaloids known as magnoflorine and phellodendrine, respectively. They suppressed the local GvH reaction, when given i.p. to the host mice at 5-20 mg/kg for 8 consecutive days from the day of spleen cell transfer to cause the reaction. Both OB-1 and OB-5 suppressed picryl chloride-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (PC-DTH) when given i.p. to mice at 10 and 20 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days from the day of the sensitization, but did not suppress it when given at the time of the challenge. These results suggest that OB-1 and OB-5 suppress the induction phase but not the effector phase of the cellular immune response. They are expected to have a value as a new type of immunosuppressor.